The Lexical Syntax and Lexical Semantics of the Verb
... Small clause (SC) accounts, on the other hand, take examples like (1b) as essential. Here, the relationship of the noun phrase to the verb preceding it is not that of direct object; instead, the hangover off is a predicational structure, a small clause. This captures the absence of any selectional r ...
... Small clause (SC) accounts, on the other hand, take examples like (1b) as essential. Here, the relationship of the noun phrase to the verb preceding it is not that of direct object; instead, the hangover off is a predicational structure, a small clause. This captures the absence of any selectional r ...
Introducing probabilistic information in Constraint Grammar
... with a low frequency – even for words like 'cost' where they are semantically extremely unlikely, simply because CG annotation is reductionist in the way it performs its disambiguation: Once a reading is suggested by the morphological analyzer, contextual rules have to cope with it, letting a few er ...
... with a low frequency – even for words like 'cost' where they are semantically extremely unlikely, simply because CG annotation is reductionist in the way it performs its disambiguation: Once a reading is suggested by the morphological analyzer, contextual rules have to cope with it, letting a few er ...
The Spanish DELPH-IN Grammar - Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat
... shows, as an example, the lexical entry for the common noun ejemplo (’example’).9 2.2.1 Lexical Types Lexical types represent the classes of words that a lexicon in the LKB system contains and are defined on the basis of shared syntactic and semantic properties. Following well-established theoretica ...
... shows, as an example, the lexical entry for the common noun ejemplo (’example’).9 2.2.1 Lexical Types Lexical types represent the classes of words that a lexicon in the LKB system contains and are defined on the basis of shared syntactic and semantic properties. Following well-established theoretica ...
Syntactic retrieval - Machine Translation Archive
... are coded for word class as follows: finite verb forms, as mentioned above, are coded as predicatives; infinitives and gerunds are coded as separate word classes; participles are coded as "governing modifiers" together with certain adjectives which have government properties similar to those of part ...
... are coded for word class as follows: finite verb forms, as mentioned above, are coded as predicatives; infinitives and gerunds are coded as separate word classes; participles are coded as "governing modifiers" together with certain adjectives which have government properties similar to those of part ...
The Lexical Syntax and Lexical Semantics of the Verb
... Each subevent is associated with a particular XP in the l-syntax. We keep close to the tradition within work of this kind and associate the causing subevent with vP and the process subevent with VP; we use RP for the optional result state projection. Within this system, the DPs in the specifier posi ...
... Each subevent is associated with a particular XP in the l-syntax. We keep close to the tradition within work of this kind and associate the causing subevent with vP and the process subevent with VP; we use RP for the optional result state projection. Within this system, the DPs in the specifier posi ...
Grammar Essentials
... In this course, students will review the rules of grammar, identify common grammar errors, and refine their business writing style. ...
... In this course, students will review the rules of grammar, identify common grammar errors, and refine their business writing style. ...
AN ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR, IMMEDIATE
... The IC-analysis cannot analyze the phrase further than just a level of words. The phrase like “civil law” which in practice means law that deals with the rights of private citizens rather than with crime cannot go further into a meaningful way when it is analyzed in IC-analysis. The phrase comes out ...
... The IC-analysis cannot analyze the phrase further than just a level of words. The phrase like “civil law” which in practice means law that deals with the rights of private citizens rather than with crime cannot go further into a meaningful way when it is analyzed in IC-analysis. The phrase comes out ...
Choice B is the best answer
... during the day • to the fact that the third panel was painted at night. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because each creates an inappropriate transition from the previous sentence. • Choice A—”NO CHANGE, “also”—and choice D— ”Moreover”— imply addition rather than contrast. • Choice C—”Although” re ...
... during the day • to the fact that the third panel was painted at night. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because each creates an inappropriate transition from the previous sentence. • Choice A—”NO CHANGE, “also”—and choice D— ”Moreover”— imply addition rather than contrast. • Choice C—”Although” re ...
Three Models for the Description of Language
... However, neither this model nor any other finite-state model can generate every possible sentence in the English language. Unfortunately, the strings in English have interdependencies among words. For example, consider the sentences given in (3) where S1 and S2 are English strings. (3)(i) If S1, the ...
... However, neither this model nor any other finite-state model can generate every possible sentence in the English language. Unfortunately, the strings in English have interdependencies among words. For example, consider the sentences given in (3) where S1 and S2 are English strings. (3)(i) If S1, the ...
Te Quest for Cognates: A Reconstruction of Oblique Subject
... should necessarily be expected. Second, if the construction is a recent but common development in the Indo-European languages, then there is no reason why cognate predicates are not readily found across the branches. Tird, if the construction is an early common development, not particularly many cog ...
... should necessarily be expected. Second, if the construction is a recent but common development in the Indo-European languages, then there is no reason why cognate predicates are not readily found across the branches. Tird, if the construction is an early common development, not particularly many cog ...
- Philsci
... In this paper we develop a specific formal approach to the semantic counterpart of natural and formal languages. By ‘semantics’ we understand a systematic correspondence between strings of a given language L and elements from a domain ∆ that has no element in common with L. The intuition behind thi ...
... In this paper we develop a specific formal approach to the semantic counterpart of natural and formal languages. By ‘semantics’ we understand a systematic correspondence between strings of a given language L and elements from a domain ∆ that has no element in common with L. The intuition behind thi ...
Laura A. Michaelis University of Colorado at Boulder Proceedings of
... Coercion effects, including aspectual ones, appear to indicate a modular grammatical architecture, in which the process of composition may add meanings absent in the syntax in order to ensure that certain functors, e.g., the progressive operator, receive suitable arguments (Herweg 1991, Jackendoff 1 ...
... Coercion effects, including aspectual ones, appear to indicate a modular grammatical architecture, in which the process of composition may add meanings absent in the syntax in order to ensure that certain functors, e.g., the progressive operator, receive suitable arguments (Herweg 1991, Jackendoff 1 ...
Constructing grammatical meaning
... The answers suggested in this paper are based on a detailed analysis of the full grammatical environments in which se occurs, rather than following the traditional attempts to define se in isolation, as an abstract syntactic entity. The contextually grounded view of grammatical semantics as a general ...
... The answers suggested in this paper are based on a detailed analysis of the full grammatical environments in which se occurs, rather than following the traditional attempts to define se in isolation, as an abstract syntactic entity. The contextually grounded view of grammatical semantics as a general ...
Agencje pracy tymczasowej
... 3. Postdeterminers follow determiners, but precede adjectives, e.g. the first good book. Conjuctions 1. Examples: and, or, but; after, when, so that, in order to, because, etc. Pronouns 1. Classification. a/ personal, e.g. I, you, they b/ possessive, e.g. my, his, their, mine c/ reciprocal, e.g. eac ...
... 3. Postdeterminers follow determiners, but precede adjectives, e.g. the first good book. Conjuctions 1. Examples: and, or, but; after, when, so that, in order to, because, etc. Pronouns 1. Classification. a/ personal, e.g. I, you, they b/ possessive, e.g. my, his, their, mine c/ reciprocal, e.g. eac ...
Unifying everything: Some remarks on simpler syntax, construction
... treated in the way that Jackendoff and other proponents of phrasal analyses suggest and hence cannot be seen as data that supports phrasal approaches. I suggest here a lexical proposal instead. As a background for the lexical proposal, I assume the framework of HPSG, but of course an HPSG analysis t ...
... treated in the way that Jackendoff and other proponents of phrasal analyses suggest and hence cannot be seen as data that supports phrasal approaches. I suggest here a lexical proposal instead. As a background for the lexical proposal, I assume the framework of HPSG, but of course an HPSG analysis t ...
What`s X Doing Y? page 1 Revision of May 26, 1997 Grammatical
... to be powerful enough to be generalized to more familiar structures, in particular those represented by individual phrase structure rules" (Fillmore, Kay and O'Connor 1988: 534). The present paper is a first step at making good on that promissory note by studying another seemingly ‘non-core’ constr ...
... to be powerful enough to be generalized to more familiar structures, in particular those represented by individual phrase structure rules" (Fillmore, Kay and O'Connor 1988: 534). The present paper is a first step at making good on that promissory note by studying another seemingly ‘non-core’ constr ...
Syntax 319 Jurafsky D and Martin JH (2000) Speech and Language
... relation, and its scope, it is important to ask how these different structural positions are related to one another. One well-known answer to this question is that speakers represent multiple structures for each sentence, one structure each for thematic role assignments, grammatical relations, and s ...
... relation, and its scope, it is important to ask how these different structural positions are related to one another. One well-known answer to this question is that speakers represent multiple structures for each sentence, one structure each for thematic role assignments, grammatical relations, and s ...
B3_BrEng_Adv_LPaths
... (High-speed) trains in Britain are the same as the French TGV. (Indicator panels) show departure times. Word Order I’m not sure if I need a return ticket after all. Bad weather means there will be some delays. You don’t need to reserve at this time of the year. A second-class ticket will be fine, th ...
... (High-speed) trains in Britain are the same as the French TGV. (Indicator panels) show departure times. Word Order I’m not sure if I need a return ticket after all. Bad weather means there will be some delays. You don’t need to reserve at this time of the year. A second-class ticket will be fine, th ...
Towards a Universal Grammar for Natural Language Processing
... across similar languages but nevertheless with more or less arbitrary (and often quite subtle) differences in terminology and notation. When these differences are inherited into treebank annotation schemes, they give rise to a number of problems for researchers and developers in natural language pro ...
... across similar languages but nevertheless with more or less arbitrary (and often quite subtle) differences in terminology and notation. When these differences are inherited into treebank annotation schemes, they give rise to a number of problems for researchers and developers in natural language pro ...
WAYS OF TRANSLATING THE PARTICIPLES AND PARTICIPIAL
... bearing a scrap of silver paper from a chocolate box across the lamplight. (G.Greene) 11. He was in an ecstasy, dreaming dreams and reconstructing the scene just past. 12. So Martin went on into a thorough study of evolution, mastering the subject more and more himself and being convinced by the cor ...
... bearing a scrap of silver paper from a chocolate box across the lamplight. (G.Greene) 11. He was in an ecstasy, dreaming dreams and reconstructing the scene just past. 12. So Martin went on into a thorough study of evolution, mastering the subject more and more himself and being convinced by the cor ...
The Syntax of Early English
... happens without reference to the grammar of the parent language, since the learner has no access to that. The relationship is between output 1 and grammar 2; there is in principle no relation between grammar 1 and grammar 2. On such a view, there is no (direct) relation between the grammars of speak ...
... happens without reference to the grammar of the parent language, since the learner has no access to that. The relationship is between output 1 and grammar 2; there is in principle no relation between grammar 1 and grammar 2. On such a view, there is no (direct) relation between the grammars of speak ...
Lexicalising a robust parser grammar using the WWW
... information extraction, question answering systems, word sense disambiguation, etc. Most of them are reported to have good accuracy, sometimes above 90% precision in the recognition of some syntactic structure elements (noun and prepositional phrases, subject-verb and object-verb relations, etc.). H ...
... information extraction, question answering systems, word sense disambiguation, etc. Most of them are reported to have good accuracy, sometimes above 90% precision in the recognition of some syntactic structure elements (noun and prepositional phrases, subject-verb and object-verb relations, etc.). H ...
Types of Predicate-Subject Constructions in Indonesian
... Indonesian, a predicate can be placed on either the left or right of the subject. In other words, both the subject-predicate and predicate-subject structures are acceptable in Indonesian. Consistent with the above, Kaswanti Purwo (1989:2) asserts that Indonesian is a language that allows SV and VS ( ...
... Indonesian, a predicate can be placed on either the left or right of the subject. In other words, both the subject-predicate and predicate-subject structures are acceptable in Indonesian. Consistent with the above, Kaswanti Purwo (1989:2) asserts that Indonesian is a language that allows SV and VS ( ...
spoken and written language - Willis
... In fact nothing could be farther from the truth. The most essential feature of language is its ability to adapt rapidly to changing demands in all kinds of ways. Any product description which fails to take this into account must be seriously flawed. Unfortunately David Brazil died shortly after the ...
... In fact nothing could be farther from the truth. The most essential feature of language is its ability to adapt rapidly to changing demands in all kinds of ways. Any product description which fails to take this into account must be seriously flawed. Unfortunately David Brazil died shortly after the ...
Semantic constrains on the cause-motion construction
... caused-motion configuration the receiver of the message is not seen as if it were an affected entity, unlike in the transitive, but as the physical destination of the speaker's activity). In spite of this clear explanatory advantage, constructional models have one weakness when compared with project ...
... caused-motion configuration the receiver of the message is not seen as if it were an affected entity, unlike in the transitive, but as the physical destination of the speaker's activity). In spite of this clear explanatory advantage, constructional models have one weakness when compared with project ...