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Chapter 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle
Chapter 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle

... beyond their normal size as pressure increases. • In a hypertonic solution, water leaves a cell by osmosis, causing the cell to shrink. ...
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... appear randomly along the lateral cell membrane. They are formed of attachment plaques on the cytoplasmic aspect of adjoining cells. The intermediate filaments of both cells are inserted in theses plaques forming hairpin turn to disperse the shearing forces on the cell. 4-Gap (nexus or communicating ...
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Extracellular matrix



In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).
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