Popular Scientific Summary: Disorder and Environmental Chaos
... Not much work has been done on intrinsically disordered proteins, but recently it has been uncovered that they are actually very common and numerous in cells and they have been found to play extremely important roles. This study was conducted to find out how these intrinsically disordered proteins i ...
... Not much work has been done on intrinsically disordered proteins, but recently it has been uncovered that they are actually very common and numerous in cells and they have been found to play extremely important roles. This study was conducted to find out how these intrinsically disordered proteins i ...
Macroscopic stiffening of embryonic tissues via
... cell rearrangement during gastrulation is regulated by the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Cell or tissue response to chemotactic signals or activation of the PCP pathway depends both on specific details of the molecular programs, as well as on the mechanical context in which they play out (Davi ...
... cell rearrangement during gastrulation is regulated by the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Cell or tissue response to chemotactic signals or activation of the PCP pathway depends both on specific details of the molecular programs, as well as on the mechanical context in which they play out (Davi ...
Main text Introduction Mitosis (Gk. Mitos – warp thread or fiber and
... 2N, meaning that there are two sets of chromosomes present in the cell. Haploid organisms, such as some yeast will be 1n and thus have only one copy of each chromosome present. A cell may pause in the G1 phase before entering the S phase and enter a state of dormancy called the G0 phase (discussed l ...
... 2N, meaning that there are two sets of chromosomes present in the cell. Haploid organisms, such as some yeast will be 1n and thus have only one copy of each chromosome present. A cell may pause in the G1 phase before entering the S phase and enter a state of dormancy called the G0 phase (discussed l ...
Arabidopsis Phragmoplast-Associated Kinesins Play
... Furthermore, reciprocal crosses were performed to analyze genetic transmission via gametophytes. When pollen grains of the Kinesin-12A/kinesin-12a-1; kinesin-12b-2/kinesin-12b-2 or kinesin-12a-1/kinesin-12a-1; Kinesin-12B/kinesin-12b-2 mutant were used to pollinate the stigma of a wild-type female p ...
... Furthermore, reciprocal crosses were performed to analyze genetic transmission via gametophytes. When pollen grains of the Kinesin-12A/kinesin-12a-1; kinesin-12b-2/kinesin-12b-2 or kinesin-12a-1/kinesin-12a-1; Kinesin-12B/kinesin-12b-2 mutant were used to pollinate the stigma of a wild-type female p ...
the far c-terminus of tpx2 contributes to spindle morphogenesis
... (Salmon et al., 1984; Mitchison, 1989). Microtubules, which are part of the cell’s cytoskeleton, are hollow cylindrical filaments comprised of α-tubulin and β-tubulin heterodimers that exhibit a distinct polarity (plus and minus ends). These fibers undergo a phenomenon called dynamic instability – a ...
... (Salmon et al., 1984; Mitchison, 1989). Microtubules, which are part of the cell’s cytoskeleton, are hollow cylindrical filaments comprised of α-tubulin and β-tubulin heterodimers that exhibit a distinct polarity (plus and minus ends). These fibers undergo a phenomenon called dynamic instability – a ...
Plant Cell - Wesleyan College Faculty
... consist of special membrane proteins that surround a pore through which ions, sugars, amino acids, and other small molecules may pass. Gap junctions are necessary for communication between cells in many types of tissues, including heart muscle and animal embryos. ...
... consist of special membrane proteins that surround a pore through which ions, sugars, amino acids, and other small molecules may pass. Gap junctions are necessary for communication between cells in many types of tissues, including heart muscle and animal embryos. ...
- Opus
... Mitosis is a fundamental biological process found in all cellular organisms. During mitosis in animal cells the centrosomes organize microtubule networks to establish the mitotic spindle. This requires the cooperation of several processes including microtubule nucleation, stability, and anchorage. I ...
... Mitosis is a fundamental biological process found in all cellular organisms. During mitosis in animal cells the centrosomes organize microtubule networks to establish the mitotic spindle. This requires the cooperation of several processes including microtubule nucleation, stability, and anchorage. I ...
Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen and p53 Are
... structures of many types indicated that I-ag was associated with cytoplasmic microtubules (Fig. 6, C and D), as well as with the mitotic spindle. The low levels of label over the microtubules are believed to be significant, considering that I-ag and p53 are present in the cytoplasm in very small amo ...
... structures of many types indicated that I-ag was associated with cytoplasmic microtubules (Fig. 6, C and D), as well as with the mitotic spindle. The low levels of label over the microtubules are believed to be significant, considering that I-ag and p53 are present in the cytoplasm in very small amo ...
Helical growth in plant organs: mechanisms and
... Microtubules are long hollow tubes built from heterodimeric α- and β-tubulin subunits. These are arranged in a head-to-tail pattern within longitudinal protofilaments, thirteen of which are arranged side by side in each single microtubule (Nogales, 2015). Microtubules are self-organising and dynamic ...
... Microtubules are long hollow tubes built from heterodimeric α- and β-tubulin subunits. These are arranged in a head-to-tail pattern within longitudinal protofilaments, thirteen of which are arranged side by side in each single microtubule (Nogales, 2015). Microtubules are self-organising and dynamic ...
Actin-Dependent and -Independent Functions of
... (Folkers et al., 2002). To provide support for the idea that cortical microtubules (and not other types of microtubule configurations, such as endoplasmic microtubules) are the basis of branching in trichomes, we analyzed the branching process at increased spatiotemporal resolution. Analyses were per ...
... (Folkers et al., 2002). To provide support for the idea that cortical microtubules (and not other types of microtubule configurations, such as endoplasmic microtubules) are the basis of branching in trichomes, we analyzed the branching process at increased spatiotemporal resolution. Analyses were per ...
Phospholipase D Activation Correlates with Microtubule
... effects. Using these novel insights, we propose a model for the mechanism by which PLD activation triggers microtubule reorganization in plant cells. ...
... effects. Using these novel insights, we propose a model for the mechanism by which PLD activation triggers microtubule reorganization in plant cells. ...
Submembraneous microtubule cytoskeleton: biochemical and
... microtubules) in close vicinity to the plasma membrane [28] (Fig. 3). As suggested by its preference to bind to the plus-end-exposed b-tubulin, TRPV1 apparently stabilizes microtubules reaching the plasma membrane and thereby increases the number of pioneering microtubules within the actin cortex (F ...
... microtubules) in close vicinity to the plasma membrane [28] (Fig. 3). As suggested by its preference to bind to the plus-end-exposed b-tubulin, TRPV1 apparently stabilizes microtubules reaching the plasma membrane and thereby increases the number of pioneering microtubules within the actin cortex (F ...
Studying the temperature-dependent events of live cells under
... channels, ion-binding proteins and ion transporter, on the activities of enzymes, and on the physical properties of biomolecules, such as the diffusion rates of ions and macromolecules in the cytoplasm or extracellular space, the fluidity of biomembranes and the polymerization -depolymerization equi ...
... channels, ion-binding proteins and ion transporter, on the activities of enzymes, and on the physical properties of biomolecules, such as the diffusion rates of ions and macromolecules in the cytoplasm or extracellular space, the fluidity of biomembranes and the polymerization -depolymerization equi ...
Bacterial ancestry of actin and tubulin Fusinita van den Ent, Linda
... obvious candidate for an MSP-like protein in bacteria. Dynamic polymerisation is only one mechanism by which actin and tubulin achieve some of their specific functions. The polar nature of microtubules and actin filaments controls the direction of motor proteins and hence enables the spatial organis ...
... obvious candidate for an MSP-like protein in bacteria. Dynamic polymerisation is only one mechanism by which actin and tubulin achieve some of their specific functions. The polar nature of microtubules and actin filaments controls the direction of motor proteins and hence enables the spatial organis ...
A Window into Cortical Function
... fluorescent line where the opposing plus-ends met in the midline. Unlabelled tubulin was then added to chase out the fluorescent protein, and this caused the single fluorescent line to split in two. The explanation for this result was that the unlabelled tubulin entered the microtubule lattice at th ...
... fluorescent line where the opposing plus-ends met in the midline. Unlabelled tubulin was then added to chase out the fluorescent protein, and this caused the single fluorescent line to split in two. The explanation for this result was that the unlabelled tubulin entered the microtubule lattice at th ...
7 - Dynamic Microtubules and the Texture of Plant Cell Walls
... Long before microtubules were discovered, the fibrous texture of the cell wall was examined by polarized light microscopy. Using this technique, Van Iterson (1937) deduced that Tradescantia stamen hairs would have more or less transverse wall fibers. This is consistent with the biophysical explanati ...
... Long before microtubules were discovered, the fibrous texture of the cell wall was examined by polarized light microscopy. Using this technique, Van Iterson (1937) deduced that Tradescantia stamen hairs would have more or less transverse wall fibers. This is consistent with the biophysical explanati ...
Mitochondrial inheritance is mediated by microtubules in
... not maintained throughout division. Furthermore, disruption of the microtubules inhibited the enrichment of mitochondria at the cleavage furrow, indicating that the distribution of mitochondria in dividing mammalian cells is dependent on microtubules. Thus, we showed for the first time that mitochon ...
... not maintained throughout division. Furthermore, disruption of the microtubules inhibited the enrichment of mitochondria at the cleavage furrow, indicating that the distribution of mitochondria in dividing mammalian cells is dependent on microtubules. Thus, we showed for the first time that mitochon ...
Taxol-stabilized Microtubules Can Position the
... How microtubules act to position the plane of cell division during cytokinesis is a topic of much debate. Recently, we showed that a subpopulation of stable microtubules extends past chromosomes and interacts with the cell cortex at the site of furrowing, suggesting that these stabilized microtubule ...
... How microtubules act to position the plane of cell division during cytokinesis is a topic of much debate. Recently, we showed that a subpopulation of stable microtubules extends past chromosomes and interacts with the cell cortex at the site of furrowing, suggesting that these stabilized microtubule ...
Fig I
... The actin filaments are distributed around the cell in a relatively ordered manner in various bundles crossing the cytoplasm in the top panel – ( showing an adherent cell). In the lower panel, showing a cell moving with pseudopods being throw out, especially towards the right, much of the actin mund ...
... The actin filaments are distributed around the cell in a relatively ordered manner in various bundles crossing the cytoplasm in the top panel – ( showing an adherent cell). In the lower panel, showing a cell moving with pseudopods being throw out, especially towards the right, much of the actin mund ...
Microtubule reorganization during mitosis and cytokinesis: lessons
... distinguish the specific functions of these essential proteins. The work on NEDD1 also has instructed us that it is possible to isolate additional loss-of-function mutations that may affect fundamental MT nucleation activity in the spindle and phragmoplast. Recently, the eight-subunit augmin complex ...
... distinguish the specific functions of these essential proteins. The work on NEDD1 also has instructed us that it is possible to isolate additional loss-of-function mutations that may affect fundamental MT nucleation activity in the spindle and phragmoplast. Recently, the eight-subunit augmin complex ...
View PDF - Faculty Web Sites at the University of Virginia
... mitotic spindles of embryonic sea urchin cells [25*]. In Drcsopbilu, kinesin heavy chain is an essential gene product that probably transports axonal organeUes toward the periphery of the organism [26*]. The collective studies cited above Imply that the function of kinesin is to move many types of o ...
... mitotic spindles of embryonic sea urchin cells [25*]. In Drcsopbilu, kinesin heavy chain is an essential gene product that probably transports axonal organeUes toward the periphery of the organism [26*]. The collective studies cited above Imply that the function of kinesin is to move many types of o ...
Microtubules Contribute to Tubule Elongation and
... change their morphology, and others form stable structures. In plants, it has been thought that the ER tubule extension is driven by the actin-myosin machinery. Here, we show that microtubules also contribute to the ER tubule extension with an almost 20-fold slower rate than the actin filament-based ...
... change their morphology, and others form stable structures. In plants, it has been thought that the ER tubule extension is driven by the actin-myosin machinery. Here, we show that microtubules also contribute to the ER tubule extension with an almost 20-fold slower rate than the actin filament-based ...
Nucleus - Perry Local Schools
... • General name for little membranebound sacs that transport materials from place to place in the cell • Short-lived, they form and breakdown as needed • Example: after a protein is made in the ribosome, part of the ER will pinch off and form a vesicle to transport the protein to the golgi apparatus. ...
... • General name for little membranebound sacs that transport materials from place to place in the cell • Short-lived, they form and breakdown as needed • Example: after a protein is made in the ribosome, part of the ER will pinch off and form a vesicle to transport the protein to the golgi apparatus. ...
Deflagellation and Flagellar Regeneration in Chlamydomonas
... microtubules surrounding a central pair of two single microtubules. This 9+2 arrangement is highly conserved. You will be able to identify the axonemal microtubules as well as their associated accessory structures, such as the dynein arms and radial spokes, in the electron micrographs in lab. The ax ...
... microtubules surrounding a central pair of two single microtubules. This 9+2 arrangement is highly conserved. You will be able to identify the axonemal microtubules as well as their associated accessory structures, such as the dynein arms and radial spokes, in the electron micrographs in lab. The ax ...
Microtubule
Microtubules (micro- + tube + -ule) are a component of the cytoskeleton, found throughout the cytoplasm. These tubular polymers of tubulin can grow as long as 50 micrometres and are highly dynamic. The outer diameter of a microtubule is about 24 nm while the inner diameter is about 12 nm. They are found in eukaryotic cells and are formed by the polymerization of a dimer of two globular proteins, alpha and beta tubulin.Microtubules are very important in a number of cellular processes. They are involved in maintaining the structure of the cell and, together with microfilaments and intermediate filaments, they form the cytoskeleton. They also make up the internal structure of cilia and flagella.They provide platforms for intracellular transport and are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including the movement of secretory vesicles, organelles, and intracellular macromolecular assemblies (see entries for dynein and kinesin). They are also involved in chromosome separation (mitosis and meiosis), and are the major constituents of mitotic spindles, which are used to pull apart eukaryotic chromosomes.Microtubules are nucleated and organized by microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), such as the centrosome found in the center of many animal cells or the basal bodies found in cilia and flagella, or the spindle pole bodies found in fungi.There are many proteins that bind to microtubules, including the motor proteins kinesin and dynein, severing proteins like katanin, and other proteins important for regulating microtubule dynamics.