(lectures 11
... 15. Note that • The gene need not have an absolute effect on the behavior – it could just make it a bit more likely. • It need not be a gene that specifically causes a behavior. It could do something else such as make you able to hear better, as long as that something makes the altruistic act more ...
... 15. Note that • The gene need not have an absolute effect on the behavior – it could just make it a bit more likely. • It need not be a gene that specifically causes a behavior. It could do something else such as make you able to hear better, as long as that something makes the altruistic act more ...
Function of weaponry in females: the use of horns in
... benefits to an advantage in resource competition. Genetic effects, testosterone levels and early developmental conditions may also influence aggressive behaviour and this may not be the only context in which females display aggression (e.g. Bro-Jørgensen 2002). Lower sample sizes may have resulted i ...
... benefits to an advantage in resource competition. Genetic effects, testosterone levels and early developmental conditions may also influence aggressive behaviour and this may not be the only context in which females display aggression (e.g. Bro-Jørgensen 2002). Lower sample sizes may have resulted i ...
Spring 2007 BIOL 212 General Genetics Eukaryotic Linkage
... research the fly mutations and work through what you think is the most likely hypothesis to construct your own more applicable version of the flow chart/protocol. ________________________________________________________________________ Figure 1: ...
... research the fly mutations and work through what you think is the most likely hypothesis to construct your own more applicable version of the flow chart/protocol. ________________________________________________________________________ Figure 1: ...
Worksheet - Pedigree Practice Problems 2012 ANSWER KEY
... b. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of individuals 3 and 4 in the second generation? _____________________________________________________________________ c. ...
... b. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of individuals 3 and 4 in the second generation? _____________________________________________________________________ c. ...
Name
... - Mendel thought (incorrectly) that it coded for a specific trait. This definition is OK, but it doesn't reflect what we now know about genetics. Allele: - These are alternate forms of the same gene created by mutations in the genetic code. Some genes have multiple alleles, such as blood type (three ...
... - Mendel thought (incorrectly) that it coded for a specific trait. This definition is OK, but it doesn't reflect what we now know about genetics. Allele: - These are alternate forms of the same gene created by mutations in the genetic code. Some genes have multiple alleles, such as blood type (three ...
B. Monohybrid Crosses—Autosomal Intermediate Inheritance
... gametes are formed C. the alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation D. not expressed when the dominant form of the trait is present E. passing of traits from parents to offspring F. all the offspring display only one form of a particular trait G. the ex ...
... gametes are formed C. the alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation D. not expressed when the dominant form of the trait is present E. passing of traits from parents to offspring F. all the offspring display only one form of a particular trait G. the ex ...
Biol 415 Quiz #1 Study Outline Mechanisms of Evolution
... -What influences spatial patterns of genetic variation? slides 8-9 -What is reticulate evolution? Does it occur? slide 10 -What’s the difference between population genetics, phylogenetics and phylogeography? slides 11-12 -What are the pros and cons of using mitochondrial, chloroplast or nuclear ...
... -What influences spatial patterns of genetic variation? slides 8-9 -What is reticulate evolution? Does it occur? slide 10 -What’s the difference between population genetics, phylogenetics and phylogeography? slides 11-12 -What are the pros and cons of using mitochondrial, chloroplast or nuclear ...
Population Genetics II Mutation – selection balance
... In the absence of heterozygote advantage or disadvantage (i.e. with 0 ≤ h ≤ 1), when selection alone would eliminate the deleterious allele, mutation will offset this effect and lead to an equilibrium at which the deleterious allele will persist. (This equilibrium will be stable, though this won’t b ...
... In the absence of heterozygote advantage or disadvantage (i.e. with 0 ≤ h ≤ 1), when selection alone would eliminate the deleterious allele, mutation will offset this effect and lead to an equilibrium at which the deleterious allele will persist. (This equilibrium will be stable, though this won’t b ...
solutions to genetics problems
... The total probability is 2/3 x 1/4 or 1/6. Problem 20 The pedigree below traces the inheritance of a very rare biochemical disorder in humans. Affected individuals are indicated by filled-in circles and squares. Is the allele for this disorder dominant or recessive? The allele is most likely dominan ...
... The total probability is 2/3 x 1/4 or 1/6. Problem 20 The pedigree below traces the inheritance of a very rare biochemical disorder in humans. Affected individuals are indicated by filled-in circles and squares. Is the allele for this disorder dominant or recessive? The allele is most likely dominan ...
ch 11 Test QUestions STUDY
... 9. In 11-4, What are the genotypes of the offspring that have black, rough hair? 10. In 11.4, What fraction of offspring would be expected to have smooth white hair? 11. In 11.4, Identify the genotypes of the offspring that are represented in X box. 12. When roan cows RW and bulls RW are bred, accor ...
... 9. In 11-4, What are the genotypes of the offspring that have black, rough hair? 10. In 11.4, What fraction of offspring would be expected to have smooth white hair? 11. In 11.4, Identify the genotypes of the offspring that are represented in X box. 12. When roan cows RW and bulls RW are bred, accor ...
Monohybrid Crosses Name In foxes, red coat color is determined by
... What are the chances of getting pure brown-eyed offspring? 0%. How about the chances of getting a hybrid brown-eyed offspring? 100% How about getting a blue-eyed offspring? 0% 11. A heterozygous brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman. What are the chances there will be a homozygous brown-eyed offs ...
... What are the chances of getting pure brown-eyed offspring? 0%. How about the chances of getting a hybrid brown-eyed offspring? 100% How about getting a blue-eyed offspring? 0% 11. A heterozygous brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman. What are the chances there will be a homozygous brown-eyed offs ...
Hardy-Weinberg Problem Set
... recessive rh allele produces the Rh− phenotype.In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 160 out of 200 individuals are Rh+. Calculate the frequency of both alleles. If 160 of 200 individuals are Rh+, then it stands to reason that 40 are Rh−. Thus, the frequency of q2, the Rh− genotype, ...
... recessive rh allele produces the Rh− phenotype.In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 160 out of 200 individuals are Rh+. Calculate the frequency of both alleles. If 160 of 200 individuals are Rh+, then it stands to reason that 40 are Rh−. Thus, the frequency of q2, the Rh− genotype, ...
Pattern recognition Using Genetic Algorithm
... In this section we will describe the techniques we have adopted for the character recognition as shown in figure(2) the proposed model consist of two segments: 1) Process the character before recognize : and this is done through several procedures we can explain it as follows: a procedure takes the ...
... In this section we will describe the techniques we have adopted for the character recognition as shown in figure(2) the proposed model consist of two segments: 1) Process the character before recognize : and this is done through several procedures we can explain it as follows: a procedure takes the ...
Document
... E17. A. After six or seven generations, the selective breeding seems to have reached a plateau. This suggests that the tomato plants have become monomorphic for the alleles that affect tomato weight. B. There does seem to be heterosis since the first generation has a weight of 1.7 lb, which is heavi ...
... E17. A. After six or seven generations, the selective breeding seems to have reached a plateau. This suggests that the tomato plants have become monomorphic for the alleles that affect tomato weight. B. There does seem to be heterosis since the first generation has a weight of 1.7 lb, which is heavi ...
Mendelian genetics At the beginning of the last section, we
... What was going on? Where did white suddenly come from? This should be no surprise - some of the characteristics about you may quite possibly come from your grand parents, and not your parents. Nevertheless, what's happening? Mendel developed four hypotheses based on his research. Mendel's four hypot ...
... What was going on? Where did white suddenly come from? This should be no surprise - some of the characteristics about you may quite possibly come from your grand parents, and not your parents. Nevertheless, what's happening? Mendel developed four hypotheses based on his research. Mendel's four hypot ...
Mendel`s Theories
... • Remember the F-1 were HYBRIDS, Pp – They had two genes, one dominant and one recessive. • But Mendel did not realize this. He only saw that they had purple flowers. So he expected to see? • All purple offspring when they were bred with each other ...
... • Remember the F-1 were HYBRIDS, Pp – They had two genes, one dominant and one recessive. • But Mendel did not realize this. He only saw that they had purple flowers. So he expected to see? • All purple offspring when they were bred with each other ...
Practice Genetics Problems Bio 120
... resulting from the following cross: axial-red (true-breeding) x terminal-white? What will be the ratios in the F2 generation? 3. A black guinea pig crossed with an albino guinea pig produced 12 black offspring. When the albino was crossed with a second black one, 7 blacks and 5 albinos were obtained ...
... resulting from the following cross: axial-red (true-breeding) x terminal-white? What will be the ratios in the F2 generation? 3. A black guinea pig crossed with an albino guinea pig produced 12 black offspring. When the albino was crossed with a second black one, 7 blacks and 5 albinos were obtained ...
genetics: typical test questions
... 28. Sex-Linked Traits: Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. Show a cross between a woman who is a carrier and a man who has hemophilia. (Save this for test review day if you don’t know how to d this punnett.) a. What percent of the female offspring will be carriers of the disease? b. What percent of t ...
... 28. Sex-Linked Traits: Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. Show a cross between a woman who is a carrier and a man who has hemophilia. (Save this for test review day if you don’t know how to d this punnett.) a. What percent of the female offspring will be carriers of the disease? b. What percent of t ...
Evolutionary Ecology of the Prezygotic Stage
... males is intense (12, 55). There are as- Fig. 2. Female reproductive tract in A. thaliana (micrograph: the presence of multiple pistils per J. M. Escobar Restrepo). Pollen tubes (PT ) germinate on the tonishing parallels between plants and stigma (SG), grow through the style (ST), and deliver the pl ...
... males is intense (12, 55). There are as- Fig. 2. Female reproductive tract in A. thaliana (micrograph: the presence of multiple pistils per J. M. Escobar Restrepo). Pollen tubes (PT ) germinate on the tonishing parallels between plants and stigma (SG), grow through the style (ST), and deliver the pl ...
Gregor Mendel Between 1856 and 1863, Gregor Mendel, an
... Mendel decided that there were factors, which we now call genes. The genes could be either dominant or recessive. Dominant alleles, or traits, mask (hide) recessive alleles. In this case, the yellow is dominant, and the green is recessive. So the purebred parents made offspring that had green and ye ...
... Mendel decided that there were factors, which we now call genes. The genes could be either dominant or recessive. Dominant alleles, or traits, mask (hide) recessive alleles. In this case, the yellow is dominant, and the green is recessive. So the purebred parents made offspring that had green and ye ...
Quiz 1 Preparation
... Consider a population of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Assume that in the first generation the female and male genotypes are Aa, where A and a denote an autosomal chromosome that carries either a dominant or a recessive allele of a gene determining the color of the fly, with dominant being ...
... Consider a population of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Assume that in the first generation the female and male genotypes are Aa, where A and a denote an autosomal chromosome that carries either a dominant or a recessive allele of a gene determining the color of the fly, with dominant being ...
answers to review questions chapter 4
... inheritance of two genes on different chromosomes. c. A homozygote has identical alleles for a particular gene, and a heterozygote has different alleles (TT vs. Tt). d. The parents of a monohybrid cross are heterozygotes for a single gene. Parents of a dihybrid cross are heterozygous for a pair of g ...
... inheritance of two genes on different chromosomes. c. A homozygote has identical alleles for a particular gene, and a heterozygote has different alleles (TT vs. Tt). d. The parents of a monohybrid cross are heterozygotes for a single gene. Parents of a dihybrid cross are heterozygous for a pair of g ...
Quiz: Punnett Squares
... two alleles. The dominant allele (W) codes long whiskers & the recessive allele (w) codes for short whiskers. a. What percentage of offspring would be expected to have short whiskers from the cross of two long-whiskered Persian cats, one that is homozygous dominant and one that is heterozygous? ...
... two alleles. The dominant allele (W) codes long whiskers & the recessive allele (w) codes for short whiskers. a. What percentage of offspring would be expected to have short whiskers from the cross of two long-whiskered Persian cats, one that is homozygous dominant and one that is heterozygous? ...
1. Free earlobes are a dominant trait. Attached
... Free earlobes are a dominant trait. Attached earlobes are a recessive trait. Use the symbols E and e to label each of the numbered individuals. The shaded regions show individuals who are homozygous recessive for attached ear lobes. They exhibit the trait being studied; they have attached ear lobes. ...
... Free earlobes are a dominant trait. Attached earlobes are a recessive trait. Use the symbols E and e to label each of the numbered individuals. The shaded regions show individuals who are homozygous recessive for attached ear lobes. They exhibit the trait being studied; they have attached ear lobes. ...
Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis posits that certain mechanisms develop within a species, or within a given population of a species, as a result of natural and sexual selection in order to prevent breeding among related individuals in that species or population. Although inbreeding may impose certain evolutionary costs, inbreeding avoidance, which limits the number of potential mates for a given individual, can inflict opportunity costs. Therefore, a balance exists between inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance. This balance determines whether inbreeding mechanisms develop and the specific nature of said mechanisms.Inbreeding results in inbreeding depression, which is the reduction of fitness of a given population due to inbreeding. Inbreeding depression occurs via one of two mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the appearance of disadvantageous traits via the pairing of deleterious recessive alleles in a mating pair’s progeny. When two related individuals mate, the probability of deleterious recessive alleles pairing in the resulting offspring is higher as compared to when non-related individuals mate. The second mechanism relates to the increased fitness of heterozygotes. Many studies have demonstrated that homozygous individuals are often disadvantaged with respect to heterozygous individuals. For example, a study conducted on a population of South African cheetahs demonstrated that the lack of genetic variability among individuals in the population has resulted in negative consequences for individuals, such as a greater rate of juvenile mortality and spermatozoal abnormalities. When heterozygotes possess a fitness advantage relative to a homozygote, a population with a large number of homozygotes will have a relatively reduced fitness, thus leading to inbreeding depression. Through these described mechanisms, the effects of inbreeding depression are often severe enough to cause the evolution of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms.