1. Animal breeding and genetics: a bird`s eye view
... its sibs (brothers and sisters) or of any progeny it may have produced. For example, if you were using phenotypic selection for weaning weight to determine whether a particular ewe lamb was to be kept for breeding, you would base your decision strictly on her own weaning weight. In practise (meaning ...
... its sibs (brothers and sisters) or of any progeny it may have produced. For example, if you were using phenotypic selection for weaning weight to determine whether a particular ewe lamb was to be kept for breeding, you would base your decision strictly on her own weaning weight. In practise (meaning ...
Biology 4154/5154
... 10. (2 pts) If the fitness W of the AA genotype is 0.8, what is the selection value s? The s value is 0.2. 11. (2 pts) For which of the following allele types can allele frequency go to zero (p = 0) in one generation? a. recessive lethal allele b. dominant lethal allele c. dominant lethal allele at ...
... 10. (2 pts) If the fitness W of the AA genotype is 0.8, what is the selection value s? The s value is 0.2. 11. (2 pts) For which of the following allele types can allele frequency go to zero (p = 0) in one generation? a. recessive lethal allele b. dominant lethal allele c. dominant lethal allele at ...
CHAPTER 21
... The presence of recessive lethals is detected essentially by their absence. Individuals being tested for the presence of recessive lethals are first crossed to special tester strains to obtain individual tester heterozygotes, which are then crossed so that the individual chromosome to be analyzed is ...
... The presence of recessive lethals is detected essentially by their absence. Individuals being tested for the presence of recessive lethals are first crossed to special tester strains to obtain individual tester heterozygotes, which are then crossed so that the individual chromosome to be analyzed is ...
Hardy-Weinberg Problems
... population of 1000 individuals, 360 show the recessive phenotype. How many individuals would you expect to be homozygous dominant for the trait? 2. The allele for a widow's peak (hairline) is dominant over the allele for a straight hairline. In a population of 500 individuals, 25% show the recessive ...
... population of 1000 individuals, 360 show the recessive phenotype. How many individuals would you expect to be homozygous dominant for the trait? 2. The allele for a widow's peak (hairline) is dominant over the allele for a straight hairline. In a population of 500 individuals, 25% show the recessive ...
Punnett Squares worksheet
... A green-leafed fuzzywhatsit (fictional) is crossed with a fuzzywhatsit with yellow-striped leaves. The cross produces 125 green-leafed fuzzywhatsits. Construct of Punnett square of this cross. ...
... A green-leafed fuzzywhatsit (fictional) is crossed with a fuzzywhatsit with yellow-striped leaves. The cross produces 125 green-leafed fuzzywhatsits. Construct of Punnett square of this cross. ...
Click Here For The Powerpoint
... Extending Mendelian Genetics for a Single Gene • Inheritance of characters by a single gene may deviate from simple Mendelian patterns in the following situations: – When alleles are not completely dominant or recessive – When a gene has more than two alleles – When a gene produces multiple phenoty ...
... Extending Mendelian Genetics for a Single Gene • Inheritance of characters by a single gene may deviate from simple Mendelian patterns in the following situations: – When alleles are not completely dominant or recessive – When a gene has more than two alleles – When a gene produces multiple phenoty ...
IntoductionToGA_Haif..
... problem is a problem in combinatorial optimization: Given a set of N items, each with a weight and a value, determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than a given limit and the total value is as large as possible. It derives its name from the probl ...
... problem is a problem in combinatorial optimization: Given a set of N items, each with a weight and a value, determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than a given limit and the total value is as large as possible. It derives its name from the probl ...
Fitness - Zoology, UBC - University of British Columbia
... frequency of the types of individuals in the population. The example of sex ratio evolution mentioned above is one such case, where the fitness of an individual depends on the frequency of each sex within the population. Another type of frequency dependence occurs when there are genetic interactions ...
... frequency of the types of individuals in the population. The example of sex ratio evolution mentioned above is one such case, where the fitness of an individual depends on the frequency of each sex within the population. Another type of frequency dependence occurs when there are genetic interactions ...
Mendelian Genetics - Tri-County Technical College
... • ???markers for alcoholism, homosexuality, some mental disorders…???? ...
... • ???markers for alcoholism, homosexuality, some mental disorders…???? ...
5-1 Mendel`s Work I. Mendel`s Experiments 1. Heredity
... 1. Heredity- the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring. 2. Trait- Each different form of a characteristic, such as height or seed color. 3. Today Mendel’s discoveries form the foundation of genetics. 4. Genetics- the scientific study of heredity. 5. Fertilization- a new organ ...
... 1. Heredity- the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring. 2. Trait- Each different form of a characteristic, such as height or seed color. 3. Today Mendel’s discoveries form the foundation of genetics. 4. Genetics- the scientific study of heredity. 5. Fertilization- a new organ ...
Draft breeding policy - Balinese Breed Advisory Committee
... helpful to know about the ancestors of the cats when trying to predict the result of a mating. For example a black cat with a blue mother will carry dilute and so can produce blue offspring if mated to a blue, or to another carrier. But, though from the ancestry one can determine when a recessive al ...
... helpful to know about the ancestors of the cats when trying to predict the result of a mating. For example a black cat with a blue mother will carry dilute and so can produce blue offspring if mated to a blue, or to another carrier. But, though from the ancestry one can determine when a recessive al ...
Extreme Individuals in Natural Populations
... pattern of emergence over a period of several years is therefore asymmetrical. The longest-lived individuals are able to reproduce even if conditions are locally or temporarily adverse, but their deferred reproduction reduces the potential rate of CUlTentpopulation growth. They may also use nutrient ...
... pattern of emergence over a period of several years is therefore asymmetrical. The longest-lived individuals are able to reproduce even if conditions are locally or temporarily adverse, but their deferred reproduction reduces the potential rate of CUlTentpopulation growth. They may also use nutrient ...
BbRr x BbRr
... crossed with a homozygous man. What is the percent chance their offspring will have short eyelashes? (Must draw a Punnett square) 0% (see board) 6. The offspring of two parents has a 100% chance of being homozygous recessive for blue eyes. If this is the case, what must the genotype be for both pare ...
... crossed with a homozygous man. What is the percent chance their offspring will have short eyelashes? (Must draw a Punnett square) 0% (see board) 6. The offspring of two parents has a 100% chance of being homozygous recessive for blue eyes. If this is the case, what must the genotype be for both pare ...
Lab.Hardy-Weinberg Simulation
... In this case, you will modify the simulation to make it more realistic. In the natural environment, not all genotypes have the same rate of survival. In this simulation, you will assume that offspring who are homozygous recessive (tt) never survive. You will run this simulation similar to the last o ...
... In this case, you will modify the simulation to make it more realistic. In the natural environment, not all genotypes have the same rate of survival. In this simulation, you will assume that offspring who are homozygous recessive (tt) never survive. You will run this simulation similar to the last o ...
Name - The Biology Corner
... e. _____ Each gamete contains only one factor that determines inheritance. Collectively, his observations resulted in the Law of ___________________________________. 4. The length of stem in the plants Mendel studied had two alleles: T (tall) and t (short). Using these letters, write the alleles for ...
... e. _____ Each gamete contains only one factor that determines inheritance. Collectively, his observations resulted in the Law of ___________________________________. 4. The length of stem in the plants Mendel studied had two alleles: T (tall) and t (short). Using these letters, write the alleles for ...
Dihybrid Crosses - Northwest ISD Moodle
... crossed with a homozygous man. What is the percent chance their offspring will have short eyelashes? (Must draw a Punnett square) 0% (see board) 6. The offspring of two parents has a 100% chance of being homozygous recessive for blue eyes. If this is the case, what must the genotype be for both pare ...
... crossed with a homozygous man. What is the percent chance their offspring will have short eyelashes? (Must draw a Punnett square) 0% (see board) 6. The offspring of two parents has a 100% chance of being homozygous recessive for blue eyes. If this is the case, what must the genotype be for both pare ...
genetic load and soft selection in ferns
... CRUMPACKER, D. w. 1967. Genetic loads in maize (Zea mays L.) and other cross-fertilized plants and animals. Evolut. Biol,, 1, 306—424. DOBZHANSKY. T. 1957. Genetic loads in natural populations. Science, 126, 19 1—194. FRANKLIN, E. C. 1972. Genetic load in loblolly pine. Amer. Natur., 106, 262—265. G ...
... CRUMPACKER, D. w. 1967. Genetic loads in maize (Zea mays L.) and other cross-fertilized plants and animals. Evolut. Biol,, 1, 306—424. DOBZHANSKY. T. 1957. Genetic loads in natural populations. Science, 126, 19 1—194. FRANKLIN, E. C. 1972. Genetic load in loblolly pine. Amer. Natur., 106, 262—265. G ...
Dihybrid Crosses Worksheet
... 1. What would be the genotype for an offspring that is rough and yellow? 2. What would be the phenotype for an offspring that is AaBb? 3. What fraction of the offspring will be rough and green? Remember to express this as -/16. 4. What fraction of the offspring will be AAbb? 5. What fraction of the ...
... 1. What would be the genotype for an offspring that is rough and yellow? 2. What would be the phenotype for an offspring that is AaBb? 3. What fraction of the offspring will be rough and green? Remember to express this as -/16. 4. What fraction of the offspring will be AAbb? 5. What fraction of the ...
Multiple Choice Review – Mendelian Genetics
... children will have cystic fibrosis? a. one b. two c. it could be none to all of their children d. it depends whether they are male or female 21. Issues with inbreeding often occur with dog breeds, such as German shepherds. How can we best describe inbreeding? a. successive breeding with individuals ...
... children will have cystic fibrosis? a. one b. two c. it could be none to all of their children d. it depends whether they are male or female 21. Issues with inbreeding often occur with dog breeds, such as German shepherds. How can we best describe inbreeding? a. successive breeding with individuals ...
Unit 3: Genetics and Animal Breeding
... The oviducts are close, but they are not attached to the ovaries. The funnel-shaped end of each oviduct that is close to the ovary is the infundibulum. At ovulation the follicle ruptures, releasing an ovum that is caught by the infundibulum. ...
... The oviducts are close, but they are not attached to the ovaries. The funnel-shaped end of each oviduct that is close to the ovary is the infundibulum. At ovulation the follicle ruptures, releasing an ovum that is caught by the infundibulum. ...
Mendel`s Laws of Heredity
... organism has two alleles for each trait –Alleles - different forms of the same gene –Genes - located on chromosomes, they control how an organism develops ...
... organism has two alleles for each trait –Alleles - different forms of the same gene –Genes - located on chromosomes, they control how an organism develops ...
Lecture 15
... • Genetic variance is the diversity of alleles and genotypes within a population • Heritability is the fraction of phenotype variation that can be attributed to genetic differences, or genetic variance, among individuals in a population • Breeders attempt to increase a population’s genetic variance ...
... • Genetic variance is the diversity of alleles and genotypes within a population • Heritability is the fraction of phenotype variation that can be attributed to genetic differences, or genetic variance, among individuals in a population • Breeders attempt to increase a population’s genetic variance ...
Supplementary information (doc 11K)
... locus, this corresponds to a probability of 99.9% [1- (1/2)10] of mating at ...
... locus, this corresponds to a probability of 99.9% [1- (1/2)10] of mating at ...
4. What is the difference between open-pollinated varieties
... development of an open-pollinated variety is the most natural way of breeding. No artifices are used, such as inbreeding in the case of plant types that are naturally cross-pollinators. From a specific BD point of view the propagation of one's own seed fits in with the development of one's ‘own’ f ...
... development of an open-pollinated variety is the most natural way of breeding. No artifices are used, such as inbreeding in the case of plant types that are naturally cross-pollinators. From a specific BD point of view the propagation of one's own seed fits in with the development of one's ‘own’ f ...
Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis posits that certain mechanisms develop within a species, or within a given population of a species, as a result of natural and sexual selection in order to prevent breeding among related individuals in that species or population. Although inbreeding may impose certain evolutionary costs, inbreeding avoidance, which limits the number of potential mates for a given individual, can inflict opportunity costs. Therefore, a balance exists between inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance. This balance determines whether inbreeding mechanisms develop and the specific nature of said mechanisms.Inbreeding results in inbreeding depression, which is the reduction of fitness of a given population due to inbreeding. Inbreeding depression occurs via one of two mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the appearance of disadvantageous traits via the pairing of deleterious recessive alleles in a mating pair’s progeny. When two related individuals mate, the probability of deleterious recessive alleles pairing in the resulting offspring is higher as compared to when non-related individuals mate. The second mechanism relates to the increased fitness of heterozygotes. Many studies have demonstrated that homozygous individuals are often disadvantaged with respect to heterozygous individuals. For example, a study conducted on a population of South African cheetahs demonstrated that the lack of genetic variability among individuals in the population has resulted in negative consequences for individuals, such as a greater rate of juvenile mortality and spermatozoal abnormalities. When heterozygotes possess a fitness advantage relative to a homozygote, a population with a large number of homozygotes will have a relatively reduced fitness, thus leading to inbreeding depression. Through these described mechanisms, the effects of inbreeding depression are often severe enough to cause the evolution of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms.