... The acrA gene was inactivated by insertion of the aph gene conferring kanamycin resistance. The inserted sequence also
includes a ribosomal binding site and an inframe start codon to
allow expression of downstream acrB. The mutant was designated L823 (Table 2). The disrupted region was transduced in ...
... the axillary shoot apex out into the main stem almost certainly underlies the differentiation of vascular strands connecting the growing vascular network of the lateral shoot to
the vascular network in the primary stem. Here, an auxin
source – the young leaves in the bud, links to an auxin sink
– th ...
... ADOMETA http://vitkuplab.cu-genome.org/html/adometa/adometa.html ADoption of
Orphan METabolic Activities (Orphan enzyme activities in E. coli, B. subtilis, and S.
cerevisiae).
ORPHAN ENZYME PROJECT http://www.orphanenzymes.org/
GREP http://bisscat.org/GREP/ Generator of Reaction Equations & Pathways ...
... a dimerization defect by using full-length vWF cDNA would nevertheless
result in the formation of dimers by disulfide bonding at the intact
amino-terminal. Following that strategy, we expressed the carboxy-terminal
proteolytic vWF fragment II to assess the isolated dimerization process as
previously ...
... Note: we now recommend splitting variants with multiple alternates and left-aligning, and trimming all variants
before loading into gemini.
See Step 1. split, left-align, and trim variants for a detailed explanation.
Before we can use GEMINI to explore genetic variation, we must first load our VCF f ...
... cell fate decisions in numerous processes (Uwanogho et al., 1995).
Sox1, Sox2 and Sox3 are all expressed in the lens (Kamachi et al.,
1998). Sox2 and Sox3 expression in the early lens placode is
dependent on the optic vesicle and this implies that they are
responsive to inductive signals (Kamachi et ...
... Expression arrays from Affymetrix contain hundreds of thousands of oligonucleotide probes
grouped into functional units called probe sets, where each probe set is designed to measure the
expression of a known or computationally-predicted mRNA target molecule. Affymetrix sells two
commonly-used types ...
... that while p68 RNA helicase activity appears to be important for some functions (e.g., RNA processing), it does
not appear to be required for its role as a transcriptional
coactivator.
The p68 gene contains a large intron (intron 11, 1.2 kb in
the human gene), which has been conserved through
evolut ...
... Although nitrogen makes up 78% of our atmosphere, most is unavailable to organisms
due to the strong triple bond that holds the two N atoms together. In order to be able to utilize
this N, it must be fixed. N fixation can either occur abiotically by lightning or biologically by
certain microorganis ...
... Fig. 2. Hkb protein is detected in eight neuroblasts
per hemisegment in wild-type embryos. All Hkb+
neuroblasts delaminate from Hkb+
neuroectoderm, with the exception of NB 1-1,
which becomes Hkb+ midway through its cell
lineage (see text for details). Hatched cells, low
Hkb; gray cells, high Hkb. U ...
... • The central concept of all.joiner is the identifier, which
appears in fields of multiple tables, sometimes even multiple
databases.
• $gbd is a variable that contains a comma-separated list of
genome databases.
• An identifier consists of a an identifier line, a required
comment in quotes, and a l ...
... A total of 88 clinical specimens, ten of each Group M subtype (A, B, C, D, CRF01-AE, F, CRF02-AG, G) and eight of Group O, were tested with the RealTime HIV-1 assay
and by two other HIV-1 quantitative assays referred to as Comparator 1 and Comparator 2. The numbers in parentheses are the number of s ...
... proposed that these techniques could be used for testing all
D-negative pregnant women to ascertain whether they require
administration of antenatal anti-D immunoglobulin.18,19 Testing
would reduce wastage of this valuable resource by avoiding anti-D
immunoglobulin administration to women with a D-n ...
... … Lactase persistence varies greatly between different and
within populations from almost 0 % in South East Asia to
99 % iin N
Northern
th
E
Europe
To explain these highly geographic variations in the
prevalence of lactase persistence, various researchers
have produced some hypotheses to explain the ...
... traits is limited to outer visible traits like eye colour, hair colour and skin texture (WoodRobinson, Lewis, & Leach, 2000). Further findings about educational use of the terms are
discussed in paragraph 3.5 of the theoretical basis.
According to concept learning theories, students have a prototyp ...
... among individuals belonging to different families but also
within the same family.13,15,16 Besides familial cases, some
sporadic cases of hemiplegic migraine with cerebellar
symptoms have also been reported.16,27 Whether FHM has
the same pathophysiological mechanisms as other types of
migraine with ...
... 3.4 Resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLSB)
Resistance to MLSB antibiotics is encoded by the widespread erm(B) gene and only
occasionally via erm(A) or erm(C)(Roberts et al., 1999). Erm (“erythromycin resistance
methylases”) confer resistance by modifying nucleotide A2058 o ...
... stmA in the structure or function of the transmembrane
sodium channels. Reasons for doubt arise from the
observation that double mutants of stmA and para, a
structural gene for neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels in Drosophila (Loughney et al. 1989), did not show
any phenotypic interaction (Chand ...
... the cpt1 mutant were digested with BamHI, and the fragments
were, after self-ligation, subjected to inverse PCR. The sequence
of the amplified fragment (;2 kb) was compared with those of
the three clones (P0689H05, P0025F02, and OSJNBa0008E01)
and the deletion region of 208,845 bp was determined (Fi ...
... is a tryptophan auxotroph (tryptophan must be added to the media to allow the mutant to
grow). A mutation at a second, unlinked locus, su, suppresses the Trp- phenotype of the td
mutant so that it can grow on unsupplemented medium.
a.
...
... Salmonella species are important causes of enteritis
throughout the world. In addition, Salmonella enterica
serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi are important causes of
enteric fever in underdeveloped countries that lack adequate
sewage disposal and water treatment facilities.1,2 It is standard practice in ...
... time understood it. Such thoughts must have started to be formed in the mind of Peacocke and lead
him on the path of pondering the nature of the interaction of living matter with the non-living world
and communion of the whole of creation. At the very root of his subsequent deep thoughts on the
natu ...
... Meiotic cells, however, contain another enzymatic subunit, Aurora
C kinase (AURKC), that can function in the CPC in place of
AURKB [6,21–25]. AURKB and AURKC are members of a
conserved serine-threonine protein kinase family, and are highly
similar in sequence within their catalytic domains. Both AUR ...
... GFF is a format for describing genes and other features associated with DNA, RNA and
protein sequences. It was firstly developed at the Sanger center (their current version is
2.0 - http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Software/formats/GFF/).
Fields are:
Nearly every human gene has a counterpart in the mouse (regardless of the fact that a minor set of orthologues had to follow species specific selection routes). This made the mouse the major model for elucidating the ways in which our genetic material encodes information. In the late 1980s gene targeting in murine embryonic stem (ES-)cells enabled the transmission of mutations into the mouse germ line and emerged as a novel option to study the genetic basis of regulatory networks as they exist in the genome. Still, classical gene targeting proved to be limited in several ways as gene functions became irreversibly destroyed by the marker gene that had to be introduced for selecting recombinant ES cells. These early steps led to animals in which the mutation was present in all cells of the body from the beginning leading to complex phenotypes and/or early lethality. There was a clear need for methods to restrict these mutations to specific points in development and specific cell types. This dream became reality when groups in the USA were able to introduce bacteriophage and yeast-derived site-specific recombination (SSR-) systems into mammalian cells as well as into the mouse
