Animal Behaviour SPECIAL ISSUE: KIN SELECTION
... possibly their targets, could represent toolkit genes. For instance, if a gene or module of coexpressed genes is repeatedly associated with aggression across multiple contexts in honeybees, perhaps it also regulates aggression generally across species (Toth et al., 2014). Genomic resources for an ev ...
... possibly their targets, could represent toolkit genes. For instance, if a gene or module of coexpressed genes is repeatedly associated with aggression across multiple contexts in honeybees, perhaps it also regulates aggression generally across species (Toth et al., 2014). Genomic resources for an ev ...
Article The Pseudoautosomal Regions of the U/V Sex
... expansion of the SDR, and an extensive PAR may be preserved. This may be expected to occur, for example, in organisms with a low level of phenotypic sexual dimorphism (e.g., Ahmed et al. 2014) or where SA selection has been resolved by alternative processes such as the evolution of sex-biased gene e ...
... expansion of the SDR, and an extensive PAR may be preserved. This may be expected to occur, for example, in organisms with a low level of phenotypic sexual dimorphism (e.g., Ahmed et al. 2014) or where SA selection has been resolved by alternative processes such as the evolution of sex-biased gene e ...
Gene Flow and Natural Selection in Oceanic
... European Americans. Population structure analyses revealed that the Tongan population is genetically originated from Asians at 70% and indigenous Melanesians at 30%, which thus supports the so-called Slow train model. We also applied the SNP data to genome-wide scans for positive selection by examin ...
... European Americans. Population structure analyses revealed that the Tongan population is genetically originated from Asians at 70% and indigenous Melanesians at 30%, which thus supports the so-called Slow train model. We also applied the SNP data to genome-wide scans for positive selection by examin ...
Bombay Phenotype or O h
... Oh (hh) individuals are all non-secretors of ABH substances, because both the H gene and the Se gene must be inherited for the ABH antigens to be found in secretions. ...
... Oh (hh) individuals are all non-secretors of ABH substances, because both the H gene and the Se gene must be inherited for the ABH antigens to be found in secretions. ...
video slide
... • We can apply the rules of multiplication and addition to predict the outcome of crosses involving multiple characters • A dihybrid cross is equivalent to two independent monohybrid crosses occurring simultaneously • In calculating the chances for various genotypes, each character is considered sep ...
... • We can apply the rules of multiplication and addition to predict the outcome of crosses involving multiple characters • A dihybrid cross is equivalent to two independent monohybrid crosses occurring simultaneously • In calculating the chances for various genotypes, each character is considered sep ...
Liberating genetic variance through sex
... At first, we would expect that the recombination load would squelch any mutation that increases the frequency of sex or recombination. However, if such a mutation (known as a ‘‘modifier’’ allele) becomes associated with the fittest alleles within a population, it can escape the recombination load an ...
... At first, we would expect that the recombination load would squelch any mutation that increases the frequency of sex or recombination. However, if such a mutation (known as a ‘‘modifier’’ allele) becomes associated with the fittest alleles within a population, it can escape the recombination load an ...
Depleting Gene Activities in Early Drosophila Embryos
... genes tailless (tll) and huckebein (hkb). Embryos that do not receive a paternal copy show poor cuticle development, reflecting the role of D-raf downstream of another RTK, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is required for proper epidermal differentiation. While the EGFR phenotype ca ...
... genes tailless (tll) and huckebein (hkb). Embryos that do not receive a paternal copy show poor cuticle development, reflecting the role of D-raf downstream of another RTK, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is required for proper epidermal differentiation. While the EGFR phenotype ca ...
Genetic Drift
... Population Genetics ▷ Genetic Drift Population genetics theory predicts that severe population bottlenecks result in a loss of genetic variation (Nei et al. 1975, Lacy 1997, Frankham 1995). This loss increases the likelihood of inbreeding, reducing individual fitness and overall population viabilit ...
... Population Genetics ▷ Genetic Drift Population genetics theory predicts that severe population bottlenecks result in a loss of genetic variation (Nei et al. 1975, Lacy 1997, Frankham 1995). This loss increases the likelihood of inbreeding, reducing individual fitness and overall population viabilit ...
Lecture 35 – PDF
... 2. Alternatives (a) – (c) can occur via genetic drift, natural selection, or meiotic drive; in most cases, either genetic drift or selection are invoked as the primary mechanism(s). 3. Alternative (d) can only be explained under a model of selection. a) Genetic drift (ultimately) should lead to incr ...
... 2. Alternatives (a) – (c) can occur via genetic drift, natural selection, or meiotic drive; in most cases, either genetic drift or selection are invoked as the primary mechanism(s). 3. Alternative (d) can only be explained under a model of selection. a) Genetic drift (ultimately) should lead to incr ...
Zygotic Lethal Mutations With Maternal Effect Phenotypes in
... The 143 mutations inthis group were set up for GLC analysis at least one additional time and the specificity and penetrance of the phenotypes examined carefully. From the original collection of 143, 78 were associated with distinctive phenotypes (Table 2, Figure 1) and were thus retained. Results fr ...
... The 143 mutations inthis group were set up for GLC analysis at least one additional time and the specificity and penetrance of the phenotypes examined carefully. From the original collection of 143, 78 were associated with distinctive phenotypes (Table 2, Figure 1) and were thus retained. Results fr ...
Determining Probability with Punnett Square Problems
... Determining Probability with Punnett Square Problems ...
... Determining Probability with Punnett Square Problems ...
On the maintenance of allozyme and inversion polymorphisms in
... was followed under various environmentalconditionsin the courseof time. The InQL)t polymoryhismwas studied in a geneticbackgroundin rvhich either none, one or both allozynreloci were polynrorphic.On the other hand, each allozyme polymorphisÍnwas studiedin the presenceor absenceofvariation at the oth ...
... was followed under various environmentalconditionsin the courseof time. The InQL)t polymoryhismwas studied in a geneticbackgroundin rvhich either none, one or both allozynreloci were polynrorphic.On the other hand, each allozyme polymorphisÍnwas studiedin the presenceor absenceofvariation at the oth ...
Meiosis/Crossing Over - Peoria Public Schools
... Mendel’s law of independent assortment could not account for. Thomas Hunt Morgan developed the notion of linked genes to account for the anomalies. (1.8) ...
... Mendel’s law of independent assortment could not account for. Thomas Hunt Morgan developed the notion of linked genes to account for the anomalies. (1.8) ...
Evolutionary Algorithms
... • if the probability that a certain number of genes is exchanged between the parent chromosomes is not the same for all possible numbers of genes • undesired, because it causes partial solutions of different lengths to have different chances of progressing to the next generation • distributional bia ...
... • if the probability that a certain number of genes is exchanged between the parent chromosomes is not the same for all possible numbers of genes • undesired, because it causes partial solutions of different lengths to have different chances of progressing to the next generation • distributional bia ...
Genetic quality and sexual selection: an integrated framework for
... where the breeding value is the ‘sum of the additive effects of the genes of an individual on a given trait’ (Hunt et al. 2004). We emphasize our broader definition, which includes both additive and nonadditive genetic effects, because both effects clearly can contribute to an individual’s fitness a ...
... where the breeding value is the ‘sum of the additive effects of the genes of an individual on a given trait’ (Hunt et al. 2004). We emphasize our broader definition, which includes both additive and nonadditive genetic effects, because both effects clearly can contribute to an individual’s fitness a ...
Ch 13 outline
... The number of combinations possible when chromosomes assort independently into gametes is 2n, where n is the haploid number of the organism. If n = 3, there are 23 = 8 possible combinations. For humans with n = 23, there are 223, or more than 8 million possible combinations of chromosomes. ...
... The number of combinations possible when chromosomes assort independently into gametes is 2n, where n is the haploid number of the organism. If n = 3, there are 23 = 8 possible combinations. For humans with n = 23, there are 223, or more than 8 million possible combinations of chromosomes. ...
Properties of spontaneous mutations affecting quantitative traits
... environmental harshness. For morphological traits, a class of predominantly additive mutations with no detectable effect on fitness and relatively small effect on the trait was identified. This should be close to that responsible for standing variation in natural populations. ...
... environmental harshness. For morphological traits, a class of predominantly additive mutations with no detectable effect on fitness and relatively small effect on the trait was identified. This should be close to that responsible for standing variation in natural populations. ...
Unit 10.1.4 - Measuring Genetic Variation using Molecular Markers
... • Co-migration: same mobility, same protein? An assumption commonly made when comparing profiles is that proteins which share the same mobility and intensity in a gel are homologous proteins, that is, that they are products of the same gene(s). This is a questionable assumption, especially if only o ...
... • Co-migration: same mobility, same protein? An assumption commonly made when comparing profiles is that proteins which share the same mobility and intensity in a gel are homologous proteins, that is, that they are products of the same gene(s). This is a questionable assumption, especially if only o ...
REVIEW Imprinting, the X-Chromosome, and the Male Brain
... twins. The main aim of this paper is to consider the various mechanisms that could explain the striking difference in prevalence, by sex, in the disorder. At first sight this should also have a genetic explanation, but the nature of the genetic mechanism involved has proved difficult to elucidate. A ...
... twins. The main aim of this paper is to consider the various mechanisms that could explain the striking difference in prevalence, by sex, in the disorder. At first sight this should also have a genetic explanation, but the nature of the genetic mechanism involved has proved difficult to elucidate. A ...
Identifying Signatures of Natural Selection in Tibetan Data
... has been significantly associated with the resting and exercise SaO2 among Quechua [23]. Additionally, genes in the alpha and beta globin gene family are involved in hemoglobin production. Accordingly, since such pathways or systems has been hypothesized to help regulate physiological responses to h ...
... has been significantly associated with the resting and exercise SaO2 among Quechua [23]. Additionally, genes in the alpha and beta globin gene family are involved in hemoglobin production. Accordingly, since such pathways or systems has been hypothesized to help regulate physiological responses to h ...
Groups Basics - Bioinformatics Research Group at SRI International
... entered. We’ll search for a substring of the first row’s DNA sequence. In this case, we’ll let the filter create a new group based on the results. We’ll now go back to our original group. Set Operations: Another way to manipulate groups is by using Set Operations. Set Operations are functions that d ...
... entered. We’ll search for a substring of the first row’s DNA sequence. In this case, we’ll let the filter create a new group based on the results. We’ll now go back to our original group. Set Operations: Another way to manipulate groups is by using Set Operations. Set Operations are functions that d ...
Molecular-3
... As we saw in the case of autosomal dominant mutations, mutant alleles lost through selection must be replaced by recurrent new mutations to maintain the observed disease incidence. If the incidence of a serious X-linked disease is not changing and selection is operating against, and only against, ...
... As we saw in the case of autosomal dominant mutations, mutant alleles lost through selection must be replaced by recurrent new mutations to maintain the observed disease incidence. If the incidence of a serious X-linked disease is not changing and selection is operating against, and only against, ...
PDF - cnpru - University of Chicago
... solutions to those that are realistic. Several issues must be considered when generating covariance matrices, and these issues are slightly different for component covariance matrices (additive genetic, specific environment, etc.) than for the phenotypic covariance matrix that results from their sum ...
... solutions to those that are realistic. Several issues must be considered when generating covariance matrices, and these issues are slightly different for component covariance matrices (additive genetic, specific environment, etc.) than for the phenotypic covariance matrix that results from their sum ...
Molecular Evolution in Nonrecombining Regions of the Drosophila
... outside the fourth chromosome, because many of these heterochromatic genes are known to have orthologs in other Drosophila and Dipteran species (Smith et al. 2007). This provides unique and abundant material for an in-depth analysis of the effects of the nonrecombining environment on patterns of mol ...
... outside the fourth chromosome, because many of these heterochromatic genes are known to have orthologs in other Drosophila and Dipteran species (Smith et al. 2007). This provides unique and abundant material for an in-depth analysis of the effects of the nonrecombining environment on patterns of mol ...