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SK Series Pure Sine Wave Inverter User’s Manual
SK Series Pure Sine Wave Inverter User’s Manual

Measuring Output - Transformer Performance
Measuring Output - Transformer Performance

NCP1653(PFC controller)
NCP1653(PFC controller)

MAX2205–MAX2208 RF Power Detectors in UCSP General Description Features
MAX2205–MAX2208 RF Power Detectors in UCSP General Description Features

... can be exposed to during board-level solder attach and rework. This limit permits only the use of the solder profiles recommended in the industry-standard specification, JEDEC 020 rev. C or later, paragraph 7.6, Table 3 for IR/VPR and convection reflow. Preheating is required. Hand or wave soldering ...
How to select input capacitors for a buck converter
How to select input capacitors for a buck converter

... For phase-node ringing, it is common practice to use a boot resistor to slow down the gate speed and a snubber circuit for alleviation. However, both methods incur additional power loss and sacrifice efficiency. Phase-node ringing can be reduced without the penalty of lower efficiency. Figure 7 show ...
BJT Characteristics - IIE
BJT Characteristics - IIE

... current (ICEO) in the collector circuit. For practical work, this current is assumed to be zero. RC ...
Comparative Study and Design Analysis of Several Pulse Width
Comparative Study and Design Analysis of Several Pulse Width

... amplitude harmonics are cantered at the carrier frequency and its side band. In these methods different ratios of frequency modulation are used at different range of speed so as to control the switching Losses [6]. The phase voltages can therefore be expressed in terms of the state of the bottom pha ...
FPGA Implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking
FPGA Implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking

60-V, Bidirectional, Low- or High-Side, Voltage
60-V, Bidirectional, Low- or High-Side, Voltage

... The mid-rail offset adjustment pin enables the user to use these devices for bidirectional single supply voltage current sensing. The output signal is bidirectional and mid-rail referenced when this pin is connected to the positive supply rail. With the offset pin connected to ground, the output sig ...
CLiP-LV - Groove Ltd
CLiP-LV - Groove Ltd

Simulation and Measurement of an On-Die Power
Simulation and Measurement of an On-Die Power

... Power integrity has always been a critical problem for ASIC, FPGA, full-chip custom designers and other designers alike. Voltage drop occurs as the current runs through the resistive and inductive components such as package pins, copper traces, on-die power gates (used to save power) and the metal l ...
LDO design solves load transient problems
LDO design solves load transient problems

... digital circuits do not react favorably to large voltage variations. This makes LDO load transient improvement very important. Using the conventional LDO structure, which includes an error amplifier and a pass device as shown in Figure 1, it is possible to define the influence of the load variation ...
Two-Electrode Spark Gap Preamble
Two-Electrode Spark Gap Preamble

... Fig. 5. shows a typical example of a power transformer and its load, protected against transient over-voltages by a 2-electrode spark gap in parallel with the transformer primary. Although a circuit breaker is included, this would not operate rapidly enough to provide protection against voltage surg ...
Contents - Siemens
Contents - Siemens

... very long distances and to distribute it regionally into the load centres. The term “medium voltage” has been established as a result of the various high-voltage levels which have developed in the field of power transmission and distribution. Power station locations follow the availability of primary ...
Battery Drain Analysis Improves Mobile-Device Operating
Battery Drain Analysis Improves Mobile-Device Operating

... development time, and potentially provide better performance. An example of such a solution is the Agilent 14565B device characterization software for performing battery drain analysis, which works in conjunction with an Agilent 66319B/D or 66321B/D power supply, having specialized sourcing and meas ...
Module 4
Module 4

... So far we have been assuming that the gain of an amplifier is constant no matter what the frequency of the input signal is. Unfortunately practical amplifiers do not amplify all input signal frequencies to the same degree. This often results from a natural practical limitation of the amplifier but m ...
Sensorless control of induction motor drives equipped with inverter
Sensorless control of induction motor drives equipped with inverter

Input bias current of a chopper amplifier
Input bias current of a chopper amplifier

... Conclusion The chopper op amp, due to its internal switching architecture, generates current spikes on its input pins. This explains why the average input bias current of a chopper is slightly higher than a traditional op amp. Depending on the application environment, these input current spikes, of ...
Limits and hints how to turn off IGBTs with unipolar supply AN1401
Limits and hints how to turn off IGBTs with unipolar supply AN1401

... reverse current (t0 - t1) a positive voltage is induced across the parasitic inductance Lσ2, reducing the gateemitter voltage VGE2’. During the decay phase of the reverse current peak of diode D 2 (t1 - t3), the induced voltage across the parasitic inductance Lσ2 is negative, thus the gate-emitter v ...
DC Circuits–Series, Parallel, and Combination Circuits
DC Circuits–Series, Parallel, and Combination Circuits

... Add 60-V batteries to circuit (a)–(d) in the gaps provided. The quickest way to create a 60V battery is to adjust the selector under the battery in the Toolbox to sixty and then drag a battery to each of the circuits. Remember, the selectors in the Toolbox set the values for any resistor or battery ...
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon AN2011-01 – Module Adapter
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon AN2011-01 – Module Adapter

... Active clamping is a technique which keeps transient overvoltages below the critical limits when the IGBT switches off. The standard approach to active clamping is to use a chain of avalanche diodes connected between the auxiliary collector and the gate of an IGBT module. When the CollectorEmitter v ...
BDTIC  www.BDTIC.com/infineon BGR420
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon BGR420

... Note: Stresses above the max. values listed here may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions even only for a short moment may affect device reliability. Maximum ratings are absolute ratings; exceeding only one of these values may cause irreversible damage ...
G050486-00 - DCC
G050486-00 - DCC

... this kind of rectifier gives a DC voltage which is the peak peak voltage of the wave coming from the transformer (a SMALL voltage drop is due to the diodes). G050486-00-R ...
OPAx132 High-Speed FET-Input Operational Amplifiers (Rev. B)
OPAx132 High-Speed FET-Input Operational Amplifiers (Rev. B)

659 5 kV Radiation Detector Bias Supply
659 5 kV Radiation Detector Bias Supply

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Current source



A current source is an electronic circuit that delivers or absorbs an electric current which is independent of the voltage across it.A current source is the dual of a voltage source. The term constant-current 'sink' is sometimes used for sources fed from a negative voltage supply. Figure 1 shows the schematic symbol for an ideal current source, driving a resistor load. There are two types - an independent current source (or sink) delivers a constant current. A dependent current source delivers a current which is proportional to some other voltage or current in the circuit.
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