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Stocks - Bennie D. Waller, PhD Online Course Material
Stocks - Bennie D. Waller, PhD Online Course Material

... that XYZ stock will rise sharply in the coming weeks after their earnings report. So you paid $200 to purchase a single $40 XYZ call option covering 100 shares.  Assume the price of XYZ stock rallies to $50 after reported earnings. With this sharp rise in the underlying stock price, your call buyin ...
Reporting of Derivative Instruments - NAIC I-Site
Reporting of Derivative Instruments - NAIC I-Site

Options on Futures: The Exercise and Assignment
Options on Futures: The Exercise and Assignment

... Nothing prevents a single clearing member firm from representing both sides of an option exercise. In Exhibit 2 on page 4, for example, accounts holding long positions with Firm A seek to exercise a total of 1,000 options, while Firm A simultaneously holds account positions with short open interest ...
A Fully-Dynamic Closed-Form Solution for ∆-Hedging
A Fully-Dynamic Closed-Form Solution for ∆-Hedging

... The optimal trading intensity θt = θ(t, Yt ) for the objective (5) is given by (8) where the nonnegative trading intensity proportion h is given by (9). Under the optimal trading strategy, YT 6= 0 a.s. That is, because of the market-impact costs, the position is not perfectly ∆-hedged, even at the ...
Valuation of Asian Options
Valuation of Asian Options

... These path dependent options were first introduced on the Asian market in order to avoid the manipulation of prices on expiration date. This was a common problem in European options where speculators could drive up the prices before maturity. And through out time Asian Options have become popular fo ...
8: The Black-Scholes Model - School of Mathematics and Statistics
8: The Black-Scholes Model - School of Mathematics and Statistics

... Our final goal is to examine a judicious approximation of the Black-Scholes model by a sequence of CRR models. In the first step, we will first examine an approximation of the Wiener process by a sequence of symmetric random walks. In the next step, we will use this result in order to show how to ap ...
Uncertain Parameters, an Empirical Stochastic
Uncertain Parameters, an Empirical Stochastic

... interest rate and the volatility of the underlying asset remain at predetermined and constant levels over the life of the option. Although this may be a valid simplifying assumption for short maturity options, it becomes increasingly less plausible as the maturity increases. There have been numerous ...
Chap024
Chap024

STAT2400 Exam P — Learning Objectives All 23 learning objectives are covered.
STAT2400 Exam P — Learning Objectives All 23 learning objectives are covered.

Modification to the Trading Hours
Modification to the Trading Hours

... shall equal to 100 minus the compounded daily overnight repo rate (CORRA), expressed in terms of an overnight repo rate index and calculated over the period of the contract month that beings on the first calendar day of the contract month and ends on the last calendar day of the contract month. Week ...
Seminar 3 - Wednesday 12-10-2016 with answers File
Seminar 3 - Wednesday 12-10-2016 with answers File

Optimal Delta Hedging for Options
Optimal Delta Hedging for Options

... be assessed by monitoring the impact of changes in these two variables. As is well known, there is a negative relationship between an equity price and its volatility. This was first shown by Black (1976) and Christie (1982) who used physical volatility estimates. Other authors have shown that it is ...
Edgeworth Binomial Trees - University of California, Berkeley
Edgeworth Binomial Trees - University of California, Berkeley

... risk-neutral probabilities (rather than to the derivatives pricing formula). In particular, the paper discretizes the risk-neutral distribution of the logarithm of underlying asset returns using equallyspaced points and provides a simple method of attaching risk-neutral probabilities to these points ...
Financial Accounting and Accounting Standards
Financial Accounting and Accounting Standards

... Illustration: In September 2008 Allied Can Co. anticipates purchasing 1,000 metric tons of aluminum in January 2009. Allied wants to hedge the risk that it might pay higher prices for inventory in January 2009. Allied enters into an aluminum futures contract that gives Allied the right and the oblig ...
CHARACTERISTICS OF DERIVATIVES
CHARACTERISTICS OF DERIVATIVES

... contract, the counterparties, are not required to actually deliver an asset that is associated with the underlying Derivatives ...
- Computational Finance
- Computational Finance

The Option Greeks and Market Making
The Option Greeks and Market Making

... shares and buying option #2 entailing 35,400 shares will do the trick. These trades will add 42,390 delta to the book, so the dealer will need to short or sell off from inventory 25,290 shares in order to delta hedge. A total of four assets were traded to delta-gamma-vega hedge. ...
Lecture 7: Quadratic Variation
Lecture 7: Quadratic Variation

... as shown in the previous section. From a practical perspective, market operators may express views on volatility using variance swaps without having to delta hedge. Variance swaps took off as a product in the aftermath of the LTCM meltdown in late 1998 when implied stock index volatility levels ros ...
Agricultural Derivatives 101
Agricultural Derivatives 101

... product should you exercise your right • the PUT option trade involves a willing buyer\willing seller at an agreed premium for a specific strike price • the buyer can exercise the right to sell maize at any time (American style options) • the buyer pays premium (negotiated on market) • seller receiv ...
Pricing Volatility Derivatives with General Risk Functions Alejandro Balbás University Carlos III
Pricing Volatility Derivatives with General Risk Functions Alejandro Balbás University Carlos III

... Applications in Nordpool Conclusions. ...
In segregating responsibilities, this office reconciles payments with
In segregating responsibilities, this office reconciles payments with

OPTIONS AND FUTURES CONTRACTS IN ELECTRICITY FOR
OPTIONS AND FUTURES CONTRACTS IN ELECTRICITY FOR

... Nowadays, the typical instrument of trade with electricity at wholesale level is the forward contract, so it was before and it continued being after taking place the reorganization of the sector. The forward contract is an agreement between a buyer and a seller of power to trade a given quantity of ...
Brief Overview of Futures and Options in Risk Management
Brief Overview of Futures and Options in Risk Management

... or indexes. The intent of traders in this market is to take one of three possible positions: (1) Speculate on anticipated price movements (2) Hedge an existing or anticipated position that they may have in the cash (spot) market (3) Arbitrage inconsistent prices among financial securities and depend ...
Download PDF
Download PDF

... as a stock; an index portfolio; a futures price; a currency; or some measurable state variable, such as the temperature at some location or the volatility of an index. The payoff can involve various patterns of cash flows. Payments can be spread evenly through time, occur at specific dates, or a combi ...
Homework - Purdue Math
Homework - Purdue Math

... 32. Renco stock currently sells for 100 per share. Renco does not pay a dividend. A 102-strike oneyear European call sells for 8.00. The risk free interest rate is 6% compounded continuously. Calculate the premium for a 102-strike one-year European put. 33. Tariq LTD stock currently sells for 100 pe ...
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Option (finance)

In finance, an option is a contract which gives the buyer (the owner or holder) the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the form of the option. The strike price may be set by reference to the spot price (market price) of the underlying security or commodity on the day an option is taken out, or it may be fixed at a discount or at a premium. The seller has the corresponding obligation to fulfill the transaction – that is to sell or buy – if the buyer (owner) ""exercises"" the option. An option that conveys to the owner the right to buy something at a specific price is referred to as a call; an option that conveys the right of the owner to sell something at a specific price is referred to as a put. Both are commonly traded, but for clarity, the call option is more frequently discussed.The seller may grant an option to a buyer as part of another transaction, such as a share issue or as part of an employee incentive scheme, otherwise a buyer would pay a premium to the seller for the option. A call option would normally be exercised only when the strike price is below the market value of the underlaying asset at that time, while a put option would normally be exercised only when the strike price is above the market value. When an option is exercised, the cost to the buyer of the asset acquired is the strike price plus the premium, if any. When the option expiration date passes without the option being exercised, then the option expires and the buyer would forfeit the premium to the seller. In any case, the premium is income to the seller, and normally a capital loss to the buyer.The owner of an option may on-sell the option to a third party in a secondary market, in either an over-the-counter transaction or on an options exchange, depending on the type of option and its terms. The market price of an American-style option normally closely follows that of the underlying stock; it being the difference between the market price of the stock and the strike price of the option. The actual market price of the option may vary to some degree depending on a number of factors, such as a significant option holder may need to sell the option as the expiry date is approaching and he does not have the financial resources to exercise the option, or a buyer in the market is trying to amass a large option holding. The ownership of an option does not generally entitle the holder to any rights associated with the underlying asset, such as voting rights or to receive any income from the underlying asset, such as a dividend.
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