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Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic

... The Convention on Biological Diversity, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation and the recent Convention on Biological Diversity Strategic Plan each stress the need for efficient conservation of plant genetic resources ...
Resource Book for the Preparation of National Plans for
Resource Book for the Preparation of National Plans for

... effectively protect crop wild relative and landrace diversity in situ with adequate complementary back-up in ex situ facilities. The Second Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture identified a number of gaps at national level, including the need to develop ...
Friend or foe? The relative role of earwigs as in citrus canopies
Friend or foe? The relative role of earwigs as in citrus canopies

... thesis was to study the relative role of earwigs as pests versus biocontrol agents in citrus canopies, and the specific objectives were: (i) to design a method to differentially exclude ants and earwigs from citrus canopies; (ii) to study the abundance, the interannual variation and the potential pe ...
Using protected areas to secure crop genetic diversity
Using protected areas to secure crop genetic diversity

... are also disappearing at alarming rates as agriculture becomes standardised and small farms are swallowed up in bigger developments. More insidious threats, such as climate change and contamination from genetically modified organisms, may further undermine our agricultural stability. WWF’s Arguments ...
Investigating the life history strategy of an African savanna tree
Investigating the life history strategy of an African savanna tree

... saplings are able to regain their prefire height within one season. However, rainfall patterns may have an overriding effect on these growth patterns. Adult trees appear to be made vulnerable to fire through bark stripping, toppling and pollarding and the subsequent invasion of the soft wood by bore ...
Flowering Ecology of a Box-Ironbark Eucalyptus Community.
Flowering Ecology of a Box-Ironbark Eucalyptus Community.

... Red Box E. polyanthemos and Red Ironbark E. tricarpa. Specifically, the topics examined in this thesis are: (1) the floral character traits of species, and the extent to which these traits can be associated with syndromes of bird or insect pollination; (2) the timing, frequency, duration, intensity, ...
ABUNDANCE, STRUCTURE AND USES OF BAOBAB
ABUNDANCE, STRUCTURE AND USES OF BAOBAB

... the important Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs)-providing species of ecological and socio-economic significance, there is need to have a better understanding of the biology and local uses of the species before its full potential and sustainable harvesting is realized. A comparison of densities, dis ...
Sheep grazing in the North-Atlantic region
Sheep grazing in the North-Atlantic region

... Steinheim, G., and Thórhallsdóttir, A.G. 2008. Sheep grazing in the North-Atlantic region. A long term perspective on management, resource economy and ecology. – NTNU, Museum of Natural History and Archaeology Report Zool. Ser. 2008, 3: 1-82. Sheep husbandry has been an important part of the agricul ...
Sheep grazing in the North-Atlantic region – A long term
Sheep grazing in the North-Atlantic region – A long term

... Steinheim, G., and Thórhallsdóttir, A.G. 2008. Sheep grazing in the North-Atlantic region. A long term perspective on management, resource economy and ecology. – NTNU, Museum of Natural History and Archaeology Report Zool. Ser. 2008, 3: 1-82. Sheep husbandry has been an important part of the agricul ...
Terrestrial Biodiversity
Terrestrial Biodiversity

... Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities are driving changes in global climate. The magnitude of the recent physical changes is greater than at any time during human civilisation and, importantly, the rate of change is faster. The IPCC (2007b) has highl ...
Native Vegetation: Vegetation Gain Approach
Native Vegetation: Vegetation Gain Approach

... quality over time (i.e. avoiding any decline). Includes foregoing certain entitled activities that could otherwise damage or remove native vegetation, such as grazing or firewood collection. Also typically requires a commitment to ensure no further spread of environmental weeds that may otherwise re ...
Effects of tree species diversity on insect herbivory
Effects of tree species diversity on insect herbivory

... It is generally believed that tree species growing in mixed forest stands are less susceptible to insect herbivore damage than if grown in monocultures, but previous studies have been largely observational and focussed mainly on tree species richness effects. In this thesis, I examined effects of th ...
Exploring the causes of and mitigation options for human
Exploring the causes of and mitigation options for human

... Cheetah Conservation Botswana (CCB) is responsible for the conception of the predator densities (Chapter 5), prey analysis (Chapter 6) and cheetah Acinonyx jubatus translocation studies (Chapter 8). Ann Marie Houser and Dr Vivien Kent on behalf of CCB designed the methodology for the 2007 spoor surv ...
Relationships Between Grazing and Birds With Particular Reference
Relationships Between Grazing and Birds With Particular Reference

... There have been large overall increases in sheep numbers in most regions of Britain, both upland and lowland, since the mid 1970s. This increase appears to have commenced at the same time in all regions but there is considerable variation in the rate of this increase. In some regions, notably the Sc ...
Forest Diversity and Function
Forest Diversity and Function

... al. 1999; Loreau 2000; Tilman et al. 2001). For very practical reasons, the experimental/observational model systems were small in size, short-lived and even-aged, mainly herbaceous assemblages or microbial microcosms. Results obtained with these systems have stimulated the scientific debate enormou ...
Guidelines for Wildlife Management
Guidelines for Wildlife Management

... landowner to adjust the presence or absence of livestock as well as a grazing time and intensity level that is beneficial for both plant health and diversity. Grasses evolved with grazing pressure. Historically great herds of bison roamed the central part of the United States and stayed constantly ...
Patiriella exigua: grazing by a starfish in an overgrazed intertidal
Patiriella exigua: grazing by a starfish in an overgrazed intertidal

... grazing by Patiriella exigua, in particular their capacity to influence availability of resources to other grazers and any consequences to the overall ecology of assemblages on rocky shores. Well-defined circular or pentagonal patches were observed in micro-algal biofilms growing in intertidal rockp ...
a mm507e
a mm507e

... Tackling climate change is central to achieving a sustainable future for the world’s growing population, and food security must lie at the heart of these efforts. Climate change presents significant threats and challenges to agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Rising temperatures, changing rainfall ...
Final Report - European Commission
Final Report - European Commission

... How is the provision, regulation, and purification of fresh water affected by changes in wild nature?.......................................................................... 124 ...
Abstracts - Society For Range Management
Abstracts - Society For Range Management

... and mineralogy influence salt movement within the soil profile. Semi-arid to arid climates of western North Dakota are characterized by their lack of water availability, which prohibit salts from leaching beyond depths that allow seed germination and propagation of plant roots. Positively charged Na ...
Effects of stock grazing on biodiversity values in Temperate Native
Effects of stock grazing on biodiversity values in Temperate Native

... stocking intensity (animal numbers); and ...
CBD Fourth National Report
CBD Fourth National Report

... biological resources for the livelihood of the majority of its people especially those living in rural areas. Since the early 1980s the country has experienced increasing pressure on its biological resources leading to rapid decline and degradation. This is attributed to over exploitation and destru ...
Caring for our Country 2012-13 Community Action Grants
Caring for our Country 2012-13 Community Action Grants

... Forest (an Endangered Ecological Community); an important yet degraded stepping stone remnant on Thornton Public School land. The restoration project will create an accessible environmental and cultural learning resource for the wider Thornton community, and generate outcomes beyond the immediate si ...
High value plant (HVPS) Colophospermum mopane
High value plant (HVPS) Colophospermum mopane

... animals, make things from, use as fuel, and many other uses. Since 2004, there has been a Namibian SEPASAL team, based at the National Botanical Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture which has been updating the information on Namibian species from Namibian and southern African literature ...
Does the Janzen-Connell model for species diversity apply in a sub
Does the Janzen-Connell model for species diversity apply in a sub

... There are a number of people to whom I owe gratitude for their assistance in the production of this thesis. Firstly I would like to thank my main supervisor, Dr Hazel Chapman, for inviting me to join her research team, and her continual encouragement, tolerance, financial support, and guidance throu ...
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Farmer-managed natural regeneration

Farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) is a low-cost, sustainable land-restoration technique used to combat poverty and hunger amongst poor subsistence farmers in developing countries by increasing food and timber production, and resilience to climate extremes. It involves the systematic regeneration and management of trees and shrubs from tree stumps, roots and seeds.FMNR is especially applicable, but not restricted to, the dryland tropics. As well as returning degraded croplands and grazing lands to productivity, it can be used to restore degraded forests, thereby reversing biodiversity loss and reducing vulnerability to climate change. FMNR can also play an important role in maintaining not-yet-degraded landscapes in a productive state, especially when combined with other sustainable land management practices such as conservation agriculture on cropland and holistic management on rangelands.FMNR adapts centuries-old methods of woodland management, called coppicing and pollarding, to produce continuous tree-growth for fuel, building materials, food and fodder without the need for frequent and costly replanting. On farmland, selected trees are trimmed and pruned to maximise growth while promoting optimal growing conditions for annual crops (such as access to water and sunlight). When FMNR trees are integrated into crops and grazing pastures there is an increase in crop yields, soil fertility and organic matter, soil moisture and leaf fodder. There is also a decrease in wind and heat damage, and soil erosion.In the Sahel region of Africa, FMNR has become a potent tool in increasing food security, resilience and climate change adaptation in poor, subsistence farming communities where much of sub-Saharan Africa’s poverty exists. FMNR is also being promoted in East Timor, Indonesia and Myanmar.FMNR complements the evergreen agriculture, conservation agriculture and agroforestry movements. It is considered a good entry point for resource-poor and risk-averse farmers to adopt a low-cost and low-risk technique. This in turn has acted as a stepping stone to greater agricultural intensification as farmers become more receptive to new ideas.
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