Acute Renal Failure - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
... Background • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is an abrupt loss of renal function that results in the retention of nitrogenous and other waste products. This can lead to metabolic and organ dysfunction. • Renal function is most easily monitored by measuring the serum creatinine level and estimating the gl ...
... Background • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is an abrupt loss of renal function that results in the retention of nitrogenous and other waste products. This can lead to metabolic and organ dysfunction. • Renal function is most easily monitored by measuring the serum creatinine level and estimating the gl ...
Development of the Urinary System 3 Distinct Embryonic Kidney
... As the urorectal septum divides the cloaca, the caudal end of the urinary bladder narrows to form the urogenital sinus and the urethra As the body grows in length and the curvature of the body begins to straighten, the relative position of the kidney in the body changes • the kidney ascends from pel ...
... As the urorectal septum divides the cloaca, the caudal end of the urinary bladder narrows to form the urogenital sinus and the urethra As the body grows in length and the curvature of the body begins to straighten, the relative position of the kidney in the body changes • the kidney ascends from pel ...
The kidney The kidney is a very important organ and is highly
... blood and body tissues by bacteria) 2. Chronic Kidney failure. This is when the body develops kidney failure over a period of time. The reasons why kidney failure can be caused is because of hypertension (damage of the basement membrane), diabetes mellitus (as the PCT can‘t reabsorb all the glucose, ...
... blood and body tissues by bacteria) 2. Chronic Kidney failure. This is when the body develops kidney failure over a period of time. The reasons why kidney failure can be caused is because of hypertension (damage of the basement membrane), diabetes mellitus (as the PCT can‘t reabsorb all the glucose, ...
Anatomy of he Urinary System
... arise from aorta at the level of intervertebral disc between L1,2 Right one longer than the left, passes behind IVC At the hilum, each one divides into 5 segmental arteries each supplies a renal segment Renal segments are independent in their blood supply Blood is drained by segmental veins to renal ...
... arise from aorta at the level of intervertebral disc between L1,2 Right one longer than the left, passes behind IVC At the hilum, each one divides into 5 segmental arteries each supplies a renal segment Renal segments are independent in their blood supply Blood is drained by segmental veins to renal ...
SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEY I
... III. Renal Relations A. Anterior Relations The convex anterior surface of the kidney faces antero- laterally. Its relations differ on both sides of the body (Fig. 2). On the right side, a small area at the superior pole contacts the right suprarenal gland. A large area below this (about three quarte ...
... III. Renal Relations A. Anterior Relations The convex anterior surface of the kidney faces antero- laterally. Its relations differ on both sides of the body (Fig. 2). On the right side, a small area at the superior pole contacts the right suprarenal gland. A large area below this (about three quarte ...
Presentation 9a - Urinary System
... V = flow rate of urine formation (ml/min) P = concentration of substance in plasma (mg/ml) ...
... V = flow rate of urine formation (ml/min) P = concentration of substance in plasma (mg/ml) ...
The Human Excretory System
... Are also a common kidney disorder. They form when chemicals in the urine precipitate out and form crystals. The most common crystals are from calcium oxalate, while others could be from uric acid and cystine. Kidney stones are more common in men than women and can reoccur at any time. Factors such a ...
... Are also a common kidney disorder. They form when chemicals in the urine precipitate out and form crystals. The most common crystals are from calcium oxalate, while others could be from uric acid and cystine. Kidney stones are more common in men than women and can reoccur at any time. Factors such a ...
retroperitoneal space_lecture_engl
... Fibrous capsule. Tough organ capsule fused with the surface of the kidney, but removable. ...
... Fibrous capsule. Tough organ capsule fused with the surface of the kidney, but removable. ...
Lecture Suggestions and Guidelines
... by an antigen-antibody reaction. The glomeruli become very permeable, resulting in hematuria, albuminuria, and protein/blood casts. The cause appears to be related to a previous streptococcus infection. 2. Pyelonephritis—Suppurative inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis, and the expanded upper ...
... by an antigen-antibody reaction. The glomeruli become very permeable, resulting in hematuria, albuminuria, and protein/blood casts. The cause appears to be related to a previous streptococcus infection. 2. Pyelonephritis—Suppurative inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis, and the expanded upper ...
Kidney and Dialysis article with questions
... about the size of a fist (NIH, 2014). They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Each day, the kidneys filter 180 L of fluid out of the blood – most of which is reabsorbed, together with all the nutrients that the body still needs, such as glucose and amino acids (Scien ...
... about the size of a fist (NIH, 2014). They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Each day, the kidneys filter 180 L of fluid out of the blood – most of which is reabsorbed, together with all the nutrients that the body still needs, such as glucose and amino acids (Scien ...
CHAPTER 16 URINARY SYSTEM AND EXCRETION
... Answer: Nephrons regulate the water-salt balance of the blood. The more salts in the blood, the greater the diffusion of water into the blood and greater blood volume requires the heart to work harder and causes greater blood pressure. 2. Three steps (or major processes) are required in order to for ...
... Answer: Nephrons regulate the water-salt balance of the blood. The more salts in the blood, the greater the diffusion of water into the blood and greater blood volume requires the heart to work harder and causes greater blood pressure. 2. Three steps (or major processes) are required in order to for ...
urinary system
... from the right superior anterior iliac spine. The pain in this point may be caused by the stone in the ureter (urolithiasis) or the appendicitis of the appendix in pelvic position. Stones are formed by crystallization of inorganic substances normally present in urine, usually due to metabolic diseas ...
... from the right superior anterior iliac spine. The pain in this point may be caused by the stone in the ureter (urolithiasis) or the appendicitis of the appendix in pelvic position. Stones are formed by crystallization of inorganic substances normally present in urine, usually due to metabolic diseas ...
Transcription of the Narration of the Embryology of the Urinary System
... URINARY SYSTEM – COMMON ABNORMALITIES – Polycystic Kidney: Here is an image of a polycystic kidney. There are at least 2 congenital varieties of polycystic kidneys, in which the functional tissue is sacrificed by the development of fluid filled cysts. The most common type is an autosomal dominant, w ...
... URINARY SYSTEM – COMMON ABNORMALITIES – Polycystic Kidney: Here is an image of a polycystic kidney. There are at least 2 congenital varieties of polycystic kidneys, in which the functional tissue is sacrificed by the development of fluid filled cysts. The most common type is an autosomal dominant, w ...
12 Physiologicoanatomical features of the renal system in children
... Systemic diseases. Diabetes and lupus can affect many parts of the body, including the kidneys in some people. In lupus, the immune system becomes overactive and attacks the body’s own tissues. Diabetes leads to high levels of blood glucose that damage the glomeruli. Diabetes is the leading cause ...
... Systemic diseases. Diabetes and lupus can affect many parts of the body, including the kidneys in some people. In lupus, the immune system becomes overactive and attacks the body’s own tissues. Diabetes leads to high levels of blood glucose that damage the glomeruli. Diabetes is the leading cause ...
2017 Kidney Lab STUDENT
... Note: Asymmetry; Left Renal Vein is Longer and Passes b/w Aorta and Superior Mesenteric Artery Clinically: “Nutcracker Syndrome” impairs drainage of left renal vein (left kidney, left suprarenal gland, left gonad all affected; may result in blood in the urine, testicular varicocele) ...
... Note: Asymmetry; Left Renal Vein is Longer and Passes b/w Aorta and Superior Mesenteric Artery Clinically: “Nutcracker Syndrome” impairs drainage of left renal vein (left kidney, left suprarenal gland, left gonad all affected; may result in blood in the urine, testicular varicocele) ...
Renal Function Tests
... by glumerular filtration. Normal ranges of serum creatinine are 0.5 to 1.5 mg/dl. Creatinine production is proportional to skeletal muscle mass, so elderly patients may have normal values despite reduction in GFR. Also patients may still have impaired renal function even thought the values are withi ...
... by glumerular filtration. Normal ranges of serum creatinine are 0.5 to 1.5 mg/dl. Creatinine production is proportional to skeletal muscle mass, so elderly patients may have normal values despite reduction in GFR. Also patients may still have impaired renal function even thought the values are withi ...
Embryology and Histology of Kidney - Kamineni Institute Of Medical
... Each newly formed collecting tubule is covered at its distal end by a metanephric tissue cap (Fig. 14.6A). Under the inductive influence of the tubule, cells of the tissue cap form small vesicles, the renal vesicles, which in turn give rise to small S-shaped tubules (Fig. 14.6, B and C ). Capillarie ...
... Each newly formed collecting tubule is covered at its distal end by a metanephric tissue cap (Fig. 14.6A). Under the inductive influence of the tubule, cells of the tissue cap form small vesicles, the renal vesicles, which in turn give rise to small S-shaped tubules (Fig. 14.6, B and C ). Capillarie ...
The Excretory System
... The kidneys are made up of 2 different types of tissue and epithelial tissue is one. The epithelial tissue is made up of epithelial cells. This level of organization are found in the nephrons of the kidney. ...
... The kidneys are made up of 2 different types of tissue and epithelial tissue is one. The epithelial tissue is made up of epithelial cells. This level of organization are found in the nephrons of the kidney. ...
Comp5_Unit7_lecture_2
... filter blood and remove waste products and extra water. Damage to the nephrons results in kidney disease and may leave the kidneys unable to remove wastes. Usually the damage occurs slowly over years. There are no obvious symptoms. Several conditions can cause kidney damage. You are at risk if you h ...
... filter blood and remove waste products and extra water. Damage to the nephrons results in kidney disease and may leave the kidneys unable to remove wastes. Usually the damage occurs slowly over years. There are no obvious symptoms. Several conditions can cause kidney damage. You are at risk if you h ...
excretory system
... Nitrogenous waste: • urea • uric acid • creatinine Ions: • sodium • potassium • sulfate • phosphate From the original 1800 g NaCl, only 10 g appears in the urine ...
... Nitrogenous waste: • urea • uric acid • creatinine Ions: • sodium • potassium • sulfate • phosphate From the original 1800 g NaCl, only 10 g appears in the urine ...
Introduction
... of chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, kidney disease, diabetes, and hyperuricemia. The improvement of medicine is not merely for pursuing the extension of life but also for a better quality of life and living; therefore, preventive medicine has become the highlight of the health medicine ...
... of chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, kidney disease, diabetes, and hyperuricemia. The improvement of medicine is not merely for pursuing the extension of life but also for a better quality of life and living; therefore, preventive medicine has become the highlight of the health medicine ...
Slide 1
... Gold standard is renal biopsy. Indications are: Uncertainty of diagnosis Advanced RF Lack of spontaneous recovery after cessation of offending drug If immunosupressive therapy is considered Renal biopsy is generally not required for diagnosis but reveals extensive interstitial and tubular ...
... Gold standard is renal biopsy. Indications are: Uncertainty of diagnosis Advanced RF Lack of spontaneous recovery after cessation of offending drug If immunosupressive therapy is considered Renal biopsy is generally not required for diagnosis but reveals extensive interstitial and tubular ...
Urinary System
... Analyze characteristics and treatment of common urinary disorders. A. Renal calculi (kidney stones) 1. Made of calcium and uric acid crystals 2. Gradually they get larger until they block ureters 3. First symptom – severe pain 4. Other symps – nausea and vomiting, frequency, chills, fever, hematuria ...
... Analyze characteristics and treatment of common urinary disorders. A. Renal calculi (kidney stones) 1. Made of calcium and uric acid crystals 2. Gradually they get larger until they block ureters 3. First symptom – severe pain 4. Other symps – nausea and vomiting, frequency, chills, fever, hematuria ...
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal disease, is a progressive loss in renal function over a period of months or years. The symptoms of worsening kidney function are not specific, and might include feeling generally unwell and experiencing a reduced appetite. Often, chronic kidney disease is diagnosed as a result of screening of people known to be at risk of kidney problems, such as those with high blood pressure or diabetes and those with a blood relative with CKD. This disease may also be identified when it leads to one of its recognized complications, such as cardiovascular disease, anemia, or pericarditis. It is differentiated from acute kidney disease in that the reduction in kidney function must be present for over 3 months.Chronic kidney disease is identified by a blood test for creatinine, which is a breakdown product of muscle metabolism. Higher levels of creatinine indicate a lower glomerular filtration rate and as a result a decreased capability of the kidneys to excrete waste products. Creatinine levels may be normal in the early stages of CKD, and the condition is discovered if urinalysis (testing of a urine sample) shows the kidney is allowing the loss of protein or red blood cells into the urine. To fully investigate the underlying cause of kidney damage, various forms of medical imaging, blood tests, and sometimes a renal biopsy (removing a small sample of kidney tissue) are employed to find out if a reversible cause for the kidney malfunction is present.Recent professional guidelines classify the severity of CKD in five stages, with stage 1 being the mildest and usually causing few symptoms and stage 5 being a severe illness with poor life expectancy if untreated. Stage 5 CKD is often called end-stage kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, or end-stage kidney failure, and is largely synonymous with the now outdated terms chronic renal failure or chronic kidney failure; and usually means the patient requires renal replacement therapy, which may involve a form of dialysis, but ideally constitutes a kidney transplant.Screening of at-risk people is important because treatments exist that delay the progression of CKD. If an underlying cause of CKD, such as vasculitis, or obstructive nephropathy (blockage to the drainage system of the kidneys) is found, it may be treated directly to slow the damage. In more advanced stages, treatments may be required for anemia and renal bone disease (also called renal osteodystrophy, secondary hyperparathyroidism or chronic kidney disease - mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD)). Chronic kidney disease resulted in 956,000 deaths in 2013 up from 409,000 deaths in 1990.