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Lecture 4
Lecture 4

... Because some of the chromosomes have a special role in determining gender, the genes on those chromosomes have a special kind of linkage called sex-linkage. Because there are two such chromosomes in humans and many other animals this linkage can be separated into X-linkage and Y-linkage. Y chromoso ...
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... are being addressed by analyses of the underlying cellular mechanisms. In time, this information may be used in the development of treatments to cause cells of one phenotype to ‘transdifferentiate’ to another. Several laboratories have used a variety of somatic cell types to create cloned sheep, cat ...
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... will remain fairly constant unless one or more economic factors cause those frequencies to change. The situation in which allele frequencies remain constant is called “genetic equilibrium”. To measure allelic frequencies, five conditions are required to hold steady the dynamic tendencies of alleles ...
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... – A woman is colorblind. What are the chances that her son will be colorblind? If she is married to a man with normal vision, what are the chances that her daughters will be colorblind? Will be carriers? ...
Chapter 23
Chapter 23

... – A woman is colorblind. What are the chances that her son will be colorblind? If she is married to a man with normal vision, what are the chances that her daughters will be colorblind? Will be carriers? ...
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Microevolution

Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occur over time within a population. This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection (natural and artificial), gene flow, and genetic drift. This change happens over a relatively short (in evolutionary terms) amount of time compared to the changes termed 'macroevolution' which is where greater differences in the population occur.Population genetics is the branch of biology that provides the mathematical structure for the study of the process of microevolution. Ecological genetics concerns itself with observing microevolution in the wild. Typically, observable instances of evolution are examples of microevolution; for example, bacterial strains that have antibiotic resistance.Microevolution over time leads to speciation or the appearance of novel structure, sometimes classified as macroevolution. Macro and microevolution describe fundamentally identical processes on different scales.
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