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Package `TCGA2STAT`
Package `TCGA2STAT`

... mutation data imported are in MAF files, where each file contains mutations found for the particular patient, and the number of mutations differs across patients. We filter the mutation data based on status and variant classification and then aggregate the filtered data at the gene level. The Level ...
Dimerization of GT element interferes negatively with gene activation
Dimerization of GT element interferes negatively with gene activation

... by recruiting transcription factors. A family of sequences called GT elements is present in the promoter region of genes encoding diverse functions like light regulation (Dehesh et al. 1990), pathogen defense (Buchel et al. 1996) and tissue specificity (Eyal et al. 1995; Villain et al. 1996). In add ...
6.3 Reinforcement
6.3 Reinforcement

... Traits are inherited characteristics, and genetics is the study of the biological inheritance of traits and variation. Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, first recognized that traits are inherited as discrete units. We call these units genes. Mendel conducted his experiments with pea plants, which wer ...
Meiosis
Meiosis

... The number of combinations possible when chromosomes assort independently into gametes is 2n, where n is the haploid number For humans (n = 23), there are more than 8 million (223) possible combinations of chromosomes ...
modeling, visualization, and discovery for cluster
modeling, visualization, and discovery for cluster

... Brodley, 2000; Graham and Miller, 2006) that is not limited to the two-cluster case. However, more research effort specifically targeting genomic data is needed. ...
Chapter 15 - HCC Learning Web
Chapter 15 - HCC Learning Web

... color (b), wing size (vg), and eye color (cn).  The recombination frequency between cn and b is 9%.  The recombination frequency between cn and vg is 9.5%.  The recombination frequency between b and vg is 17%.  The only possible arrangement of these three genes places the eye color gene between ...
Presentation @9:30am
Presentation @9:30am

... values and the corresponding columns from U and V matrices. The new matrix Ak does not exactly match the original term by document matrix A. (It gets closer and closer as more singular values are kept). This is what we want: we don’t want perfect fit since we think some of the 0’s in A should be not ...
Interactive Visual Analysis of Gene Expression Data
Interactive Visual Analysis of Gene Expression Data

... • Accommodated different approaches, including, e.g., metabolism, growth habit, and physiology ...
Metatranscriptomic analysis of the Gut microbial community
Metatranscriptomic analysis of the Gut microbial community

...  To identify differentially expressed genes that influence obesity  Critical to understand origin of observed changes  Independently estimate transcript abundance and genome abundance  Expression level of a gene; o(gene,genome) = e(gene,genome) * a(genome) (observable gene expression o(gene,geno ...
Virulence gene regulation in Salmonella enterica
Virulence gene regulation in Salmonella enterica

... arabinose binds to AraC and modulates its activity (1). Thus, this family of regulators also has the potential to sense environmental factors. Not surprisingly, therefore, many members of the AraC family are known to be involved in virulence gene expression. In salmonellae, some virulence functions ...
Figure 15 - GEP Community Server
Figure 15 - GEP Community Server

... We can use this tool to identify genes that are expressed at specific developmental time points, tissues, treatments, cell types, or any combinations thereof. By default, genes with low or no expression according to the modENCODE gene expression scale are considered to be "off" while genes with mode ...
Microarrays - Consortium for Mathematics and its Applications
Microarrays - Consortium for Mathematics and its Applications

... Learning which genes may be involved in genetic diseases like dwarfism has many possible benefits for people. Understanding how DNA functions is very important. DNA is so important that it stays in the nucleus of the cell. To make a protein it must send out a messenger in the form of RNA. RNA is sim ...
TheraGuide 5-FU
TheraGuide 5-FU

... are contraindicated in patients with a known DPD deficiency ...
Polar Bears and Brown Bears - Natural Science Research Laboratory
Polar Bears and Brown Bears - Natural Science Research Laboratory

... Endangered Species and Climate Change Issues Polar bears are of current interest because of concerns about loss of sea ice habitat due to climate change. In 2008, they were designated as a Threatened Species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). As a result, many aspects of polar bear biology ...
Practice Questions, Lectures 1-5 (194 KB pdf file)
Practice Questions, Lectures 1-5 (194 KB pdf file)

... very rare, and there is no evidence to the contrary, I-4, II-1, and II-6 are all TT.) Individual I-3 is tt, thus individuals II-4 (B) and II-5 must both be Tt, individuals III-5(D) and III-6 and -7 are either TT or Tt each with probability ½. Answer is: individual I-1: Tt individual I-2: Tt individu ...
Unit 3 - ISD 622
Unit 3 - ISD 622

Homo sapiens - Carol Lee Lab
Homo sapiens - Carol Lee Lab

... Half of the HLA (human leukocyte antigen, encode for MHC) alleles of modern Eurasians represent archaic HLA haplotypes likewise inferred to have introgressed from Denisovans or Neanderthals For example, HLA type allele HLA-B*73 introgressed into humans in west Asia from Denisovans These alleles, of ...
How is the biological information arranged in genome?
How is the biological information arranged in genome?

... different recognition of the gene(s) on genome or chromosome which disregarded the genome organization of the living cells. As the Genome Project revealed, the base sequence in genomic DNA could be caught a glimpse of the dynamic and the flexible characters [2-11, 13,16-19], and an individual gene w ...
PDF
PDF

... two vectors, with the smaller of the two contained within the larger, and the one of the ITRs shared by both. After a full-size construct is inserted in the genome, an additional round of transposase-mediated remobilization is required, during which the smaller of the two vectors is more likely to b ...
The Black Caribs (Garifuna) of Livingston
The Black Caribs (Garifuna) of Livingston

... origins result in approximately the same average chi-square values (Table 10). The lowest total chi-square value detected for the Livingston Black Carbis, 7.16, occurs with Spanish, West African and Arawak Indian parental populations. Four of the seven loci tested deviated significantly from expecta ...
Name - mybiologyclass
Name - mybiologyclass

... In order to earn any extra credit for any of the problems below, you must write clearly, number each problem, show ALL of your work, and circle your answers. You must also staple all of your answers (with your name on it) to the BACK of this sheet, and fill out your name, date and class on the top o ...
FURTHER CONSIDERATION OF A MOUSE MODEL MALIGNANT PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA FOR  Review Article
FURTHER CONSIDERATION OF A MOUSE MODEL MALIGNANT PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA FOR Review Article

... model, are responsible for the suppression of metastases. Thus, by screening them with macroarrays, we verified the suppression of ...
WORD - ctahr
WORD - ctahr

... ineffective for symbiotic nitrogen fixation and had the lowest value for total nitrogen in the shoot, which was not significantly different from that of the uninoculated control. Values for the positive nitrogen control indicated that the main limitation in our growth system was nitrogen availabilit ...
CHAPTER 15 Non-Mendelian Inheritance
CHAPTER 15 Non-Mendelian Inheritance

... 1. Chloroplasts have a double membrane, internal lamellar structure containing chlorophyll, and protein-rich stroma. Chloroplasts divide and grow in the same way as mitochondria. 2. The chloroplast genome (cpDNA) is not as well characterized as mtDNA, but some things are known: a. Structurally, cpDN ...
Table of Contents: Introduction
Table of Contents: Introduction

... comparison to neighboring world regions using autosomal STR data. In particular, this analysis will explore evidence for early migrations to Europe from West Asia (including Anatolia and the East Mediterranean) and Siberia (including early relatives of Native Americans). The background section highl ...
< 1 ... 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 ... 1937 >

Microevolution

Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occur over time within a population. This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection (natural and artificial), gene flow, and genetic drift. This change happens over a relatively short (in evolutionary terms) amount of time compared to the changes termed 'macroevolution' which is where greater differences in the population occur.Population genetics is the branch of biology that provides the mathematical structure for the study of the process of microevolution. Ecological genetics concerns itself with observing microevolution in the wild. Typically, observable instances of evolution are examples of microevolution; for example, bacterial strains that have antibiotic resistance.Microevolution over time leads to speciation or the appearance of novel structure, sometimes classified as macroevolution. Macro and microevolution describe fundamentally identical processes on different scales.
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