Alkali-metal atoms in laser fields: optical pumping, coherent
... was adopted and developed by O. Stern, which led to the classical Stern-Gerlach experiments carried out during 1920–1923 [10–14]. These experiments proved spatial quantization experimentally, demonstrated that silver atoms have an intrinsic angular momentum, and determined a value for the Bohr magne ...
... was adopted and developed by O. Stern, which led to the classical Stern-Gerlach experiments carried out during 1920–1923 [10–14]. These experiments proved spatial quantization experimentally, demonstrated that silver atoms have an intrinsic angular momentum, and determined a value for the Bohr magne ...
Spatially resolved measurement of femtosecond
... The corresponding field amplitudes are shown in Fig. 4(a). In addition to the diffraction efficiency of approximately 3%, a slight asymmetry in the distribution was noticed. Since the grating was adjusted perpendicular to the incident laser beam, this indicated that the modified area itself was not ...
... The corresponding field amplitudes are shown in Fig. 4(a). In addition to the diffraction efficiency of approximately 3%, a slight asymmetry in the distribution was noticed. Since the grating was adjusted perpendicular to the incident laser beam, this indicated that the modified area itself was not ...
Holography - Princeton University
... of the object beam. Figure 2 illustrates the difference between the two types of holograms. holography, the interference pattern is recorded along the thickness of the emulsion, creating what are known as Bragg diffraction These planes isact similarly to be half-silvered mirrors: some of The unique ...
... of the object beam. Figure 2 illustrates the difference between the two types of holograms. holography, the interference pattern is recorded along the thickness of the emulsion, creating what are known as Bragg diffraction These planes isact similarly to be half-silvered mirrors: some of The unique ...
Boundaryless finite-difference method for three
... where ⍀共z兲 is the field energy computed at each propagation step and ⍀0 is the analytically obtained energy of the input field. Since the sampling intervals are not constant, integration was performed using a two-dimensional trapezoidal approach. Figure 1(d) shows (solid curve) the computed percenta ...
... where ⍀共z兲 is the field energy computed at each propagation step and ⍀0 is the analytically obtained energy of the input field. Since the sampling intervals are not constant, integration was performed using a two-dimensional trapezoidal approach. Figure 1(d) shows (solid curve) the computed percenta ...
Use of beam parameters in optical component testing
... he cross moment 〈 xu〉 is also the radius of curvature of the beam at the measurement location. This method has been used recently by several authors in evaluating the accuracy of making M 2 measurements with Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors.5,8,9 In many ways, this method is similar to the gradient ...
... he cross moment 〈 xu〉 is also the radius of curvature of the beam at the measurement location. This method has been used recently by several authors in evaluating the accuracy of making M 2 measurements with Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors.5,8,9 In many ways, this method is similar to the gradient ...
Optical spectroscopy techniques
... Consequences of gas absorption in the cavity ¾ The presence of absorbing medium modifies properties of the cavity ¾ As a result of refractive index changes in the vicinity of molecular transition cavity modes are broadened and shifted ¾ Dependence of FSR on frequency can be calculated on the ...
... Consequences of gas absorption in the cavity ¾ The presence of absorbing medium modifies properties of the cavity ¾ As a result of refractive index changes in the vicinity of molecular transition cavity modes are broadened and shifted ¾ Dependence of FSR on frequency can be calculated on the ...
waveplates - CVI Laser Optics
... between the dispersions of the two materials. Thus, the net birefringent phase shift can be held constant over a much wider range than in waveplates made from one material. ACWP-series achromatic waveplates from CVI Laser Optics (see Figure 4.57) are comprised of crystal quartz and magnesium fluorid ...
... between the dispersions of the two materials. Thus, the net birefringent phase shift can be held constant over a much wider range than in waveplates made from one material. ACWP-series achromatic waveplates from CVI Laser Optics (see Figure 4.57) are comprised of crystal quartz and magnesium fluorid ...
Transversal ultrasonic probe
... probing very small areas of a material. This can be done by coupling flat ultrasonic shear wave transducers to conical tips1. In many cases implying simultaneous detection of shear and longitudinal components, it can be very difficult to detect selectively one component from the other particularly w ...
... probing very small areas of a material. This can be done by coupling flat ultrasonic shear wave transducers to conical tips1. In many cases implying simultaneous detection of shear and longitudinal components, it can be very difficult to detect selectively one component from the other particularly w ...
Novel technique for thermal lens measurement in commonly used
... However, this lens as well as all other transmitted optics used in this experiment should not form a thermal lens on their own. This was verified in a background measurement, where no test substrate was placed in the setup (see Results). The beam transmitted by the test substrate is coupled into a s ...
... However, this lens as well as all other transmitted optics used in this experiment should not form a thermal lens on their own. This was verified in a background measurement, where no test substrate was placed in the setup (see Results). The beam transmitted by the test substrate is coupled into a s ...
Diffractive optical element and optical pickup apparatus
... [0062] Examples of the next-generation DVD include not only optical disks having a standard speci?cation that infor mation is recorded and reproduced through an objective lens having a numerical aperture NA of 0.85 and a protective layer having a thickness of about 0.1 mm is formed, (speci?cally, fo ...
... [0062] Examples of the next-generation DVD include not only optical disks having a standard speci?cation that infor mation is recorded and reproduced through an objective lens having a numerical aperture NA of 0.85 and a protective layer having a thickness of about 0.1 mm is formed, (speci?cally, fo ...
Cell separation by non-inertial force fields in microfluidic systems
... The DEP, magnetic, and primary radiation forces (but not optical gradient force) acting on a spherical microparticle of radius r are listed in Table 1. Derivations of the formulas are beyond the scope of this review and will not be described. Nevertheless, the formulas insightfully tell readers how ...
... The DEP, magnetic, and primary radiation forces (but not optical gradient force) acting on a spherical microparticle of radius r are listed in Table 1. Derivations of the formulas are beyond the scope of this review and will not be described. Nevertheless, the formulas insightfully tell readers how ...
Rayleigh scattering by gas molecules: why is the sky blue?
... A photodiode and a mA meter are provided to monitor the power of the laser at the end of the beam line. The photomultiplier is connected to a unit which provides both the necessary high voltage to give the gain in the photomultiplier and an amplifier to detect the photocurrent. The photocurrent is g ...
... A photodiode and a mA meter are provided to monitor the power of the laser at the end of the beam line. The photomultiplier is connected to a unit which provides both the necessary high voltage to give the gain in the photomultiplier and an amplifier to detect the photocurrent. The photocurrent is g ...
Optical Isolation Can Occur In Linear And Passive Silicon
... be reciprocal under the circumstance of the symmetric scattering matrix. In contrast, our diode has not only two in-plane signal channels but also many other scattering channels. In this linear and passive structure, the working channels are only two selected channels among the multiple channels, an ...
... be reciprocal under the circumstance of the symmetric scattering matrix. In contrast, our diode has not only two in-plane signal channels but also many other scattering channels. In this linear and passive structure, the working channels are only two selected channels among the multiple channels, an ...
Semiconductor optical amplifier-based all-optical gates
... conversion eases the recovery from link or node failures by allowing for local rather than global reconfigurations in the network, e.g., [8]–[14]. Thus, there are very good arguments for pursuing efficient wavelength conversion. The cross-gain modulated (XGM) gate is extremely simple to assemble. It ...
... conversion eases the recovery from link or node failures by allowing for local rather than global reconfigurations in the network, e.g., [8]–[14]. Thus, there are very good arguments for pursuing efficient wavelength conversion. The cross-gain modulated (XGM) gate is extremely simple to assemble. It ...
Low-birefringence lens design for polarization sensitive optical
... In the deep UV, a cubic crystal’s microscopic intrinsic birefringence becomes problematic. Typically, precision UV grade CaF2 lenses are made with the optical axis of the lens along the [111] crystal direction. For paraxial rays traveling along the [111] direction, there is zero or low birefringence ...
... In the deep UV, a cubic crystal’s microscopic intrinsic birefringence becomes problematic. Typically, precision UV grade CaF2 lenses are made with the optical axis of the lens along the [111] crystal direction. For paraxial rays traveling along the [111] direction, there is zero or low birefringence ...
Acoustic spectra characteristics of atmospheric pressure plasma
... 13.3% of signal intensity of point (a). Moreover, the laser beam positions from the discharge device surface perpendicularly changed from 1cm to 10cm. The FFT results of discharge sound were shown in Fig. 6 (c) ～ (e) and the peak values at 56.45 kHz decreased from 1.29 x104 to 2.62 x10-5(20.3 %) and ...
... 13.3% of signal intensity of point (a). Moreover, the laser beam positions from the discharge device surface perpendicularly changed from 1cm to 10cm. The FFT results of discharge sound were shown in Fig. 6 (c) ～ (e) and the peak values at 56.45 kHz decreased from 1.29 x104 to 2.62 x10-5(20.3 %) and ...
Little big photon - Research Laboratory of Electronics
... is less, and typically much less, than unity. The largest reported value in free space is σ/A≈0.1 [7]. The situation can be improved by placing a resonant optical cavity around the atom, such that the photon traverses the plane containing the atom many times [8,9]. In this case the interaction proba ...
... is less, and typically much less, than unity. The largest reported value in free space is σ/A≈0.1 [7]. The situation can be improved by placing a resonant optical cavity around the atom, such that the photon traverses the plane containing the atom many times [8,9]. In this case the interaction proba ...
Montgomery self-imaging effect using computer
... it is qn nm0 . Such wavefields can be generated by 1- and 2-D objects. Furthermore, Montgomery self-imaging is not restricted to paraxial wavefields. The Montgomery effect was independently studied by Lohmann [10] and Indebetouw [11,12]. In [12], we also find a first experimental demonstration. There i ...
... it is qn nm0 . Such wavefields can be generated by 1- and 2-D objects. Furthermore, Montgomery self-imaging is not restricted to paraxial wavefields. The Montgomery effect was independently studied by Lohmann [10] and Indebetouw [11,12]. In [12], we also find a first experimental demonstration. There i ...
Diffractive read-out of optical disks
... An extensive literature is available on optical data storage. Because of the multidisciplinary character of optical storage, the subjects range from optics, mechanics, control theory, electronics, signal coding and cryptography to chemistry and solidstate physics. Several books [2]-[9] have appeared ...
... An extensive literature is available on optical data storage. Because of the multidisciplinary character of optical storage, the subjects range from optics, mechanics, control theory, electronics, signal coding and cryptography to chemistry and solidstate physics. Several books [2]-[9] have appeared ...
Optical tweezers
Optical tweezers (originally called ""single-beam gradient force trap"") are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch to physically hold and move microscopic dielectric objects similar to tweezers. Optical tweezers have been particularly successful in studying a variety of biological systems in recent years.