Low atmospheric density measurement based on Rayleigh
... To solve the problem above, ultraviolet Rayleigh scattering [12] from the atmospheric molecules is particularly promising for observing the structure of complex and low-density flow fields due to its higher measurement efficiency and simpler structure. It is a non-intrusive method and the measuremen ...
... To solve the problem above, ultraviolet Rayleigh scattering [12] from the atmospheric molecules is particularly promising for observing the structure of complex and low-density flow fields due to its higher measurement efficiency and simpler structure. It is a non-intrusive method and the measuremen ...
Geometric Optics
... When light rays go straight into our eyes, we see an image in the same spot as the object. ...
... When light rays go straight into our eyes, we see an image in the same spot as the object. ...
Contactless visible light probing for nanoscale ICs through 10 μm
... bulk silicon. Resolution is then limited to identify nodes of 120 nm technologies, 90 nm or even 60 nm only with uncertainty. As a result, solid immersion lenses (SIL) have been introduced increasing the NIR resolution by the index of refraction, 3.5 for a silicon SIL. This extends the application o ...
... bulk silicon. Resolution is then limited to identify nodes of 120 nm technologies, 90 nm or even 60 nm only with uncertainty. As a result, solid immersion lenses (SIL) have been introduced increasing the NIR resolution by the index of refraction, 3.5 for a silicon SIL. This extends the application o ...
X = k R( ) P( )( ) d (1)
... surface of their wing scales [4, 5, 12-15]. These structural colors can include deep blacks [16], reds, oranges and greens [17, 18], as well as the more common blues, violets, ultraviolets, and whites [19-23]. Typically these colors appear metallic due to the saturation or the purity of the colors p ...
... surface of their wing scales [4, 5, 12-15]. These structural colors can include deep blacks [16], reds, oranges and greens [17, 18], as well as the more common blues, violets, ultraviolets, and whites [19-23]. Typically these colors appear metallic due to the saturation or the purity of the colors p ...
Chapter 17 A modern optics laboratory for undergraduate students
... the blue-violet region of the visible range will be more accurate since the lines are better resolved than the red end of the spectrum where the lines are much closer. ...
... the blue-violet region of the visible range will be more accurate since the lines are better resolved than the red end of the spectrum where the lines are much closer. ...
A study of reflection and transmission of
... The symbol φ was used instead of β to simplify programming; Yang’s article used φ throughout, and thus it was easier to compare the equations in my program to those in the article. In his article, Yang describes the E-ray’s transmitted field, reflected field, and incident field. From these the TE(de ...
... The symbol φ was used instead of β to simplify programming; Yang’s article used φ throughout, and thus it was easier to compare the equations in my program to those in the article. In his article, Yang describes the E-ray’s transmitted field, reflected field, and incident field. From these the TE(de ...
Design of illumination and projection optics for projectors with single
... system to steer the light onto and away from the DMD. As shown in Fig. 3, the prism system comprises three transparent prisms, between which there are two air gaps. Total internal reflection 共TIR兲 at the interface between the prism and the air gap is utilized to separate the light bundles by angle. ...
... system to steer the light onto and away from the DMD. As shown in Fig. 3, the prism system comprises three transparent prisms, between which there are two air gaps. Total internal reflection 共TIR兲 at the interface between the prism and the air gap is utilized to separate the light bundles by angle. ...
A twisted periscope arrangement for transporting elliptically
... The authors describe a dual-mirror 90◦ twisted periscope arrangement for transporting polarized light in air, wherein a general elliptic polarization state of the light is preserved at all wavelengths. It is experimentally demonstrated that in the wavelength range 400–1000 nm, this arrangement prese ...
... The authors describe a dual-mirror 90◦ twisted periscope arrangement for transporting polarized light in air, wherein a general elliptic polarization state of the light is preserved at all wavelengths. It is experimentally demonstrated that in the wavelength range 400–1000 nm, this arrangement prese ...
Chromatic Dispersion
... regions where you have close to grazing incidence. This is particularly apparent when you look at glass microspheres in fluid—the central region is quite clear ...
... regions where you have close to grazing incidence. This is particularly apparent when you look at glass microspheres in fluid—the central region is quite clear ...
Student`s guide - National Centre for Biotechnology Education
... Immobilising the algae (2) a. Place a beaker of 1.5% (w/v) calcium chloride solution under the syringe. b. Withdraw the plunger and allow the algae plus alginate mixture to drip slowly by gravity from the syringe into the liquid below. Swirl the calcium chloride solution gently as this happens (a ...
... Immobilising the algae (2) a. Place a beaker of 1.5% (w/v) calcium chloride solution under the syringe. b. Withdraw the plunger and allow the algae plus alginate mixture to drip slowly by gravity from the syringe into the liquid below. Swirl the calcium chloride solution gently as this happens (a ...
Modern battlefield and new materials for eyes protection
... with vision. Veiling glare would make it difficult to see out the windscreen. Night vision starts to deteriorate. 3. Temporary flash blindness. This works exactly like a bright camera flash: there is no injury, but night vision is temporarily knocked out. There may be afterimages — again, exactly li ...
... with vision. Veiling glare would make it difficult to see out the windscreen. Night vision starts to deteriorate. 3. Temporary flash blindness. This works exactly like a bright camera flash: there is no injury, but night vision is temporarily knocked out. There may be afterimages — again, exactly li ...
Slowing Down the Speed of Light - The Institute of Optics
... Motivation: Maximum Slow-Light Time Delay “Slow light”: group velocities < 10-6 c ! Proposed applications: controllable optical delay lines optical buffers, true time delay for synthetic aperture radar. Key figure of merit: normalized time delay = total time delay / input pulse duration ≈ informati ...
... Motivation: Maximum Slow-Light Time Delay “Slow light”: group velocities < 10-6 c ! Proposed applications: controllable optical delay lines optical buffers, true time delay for synthetic aperture radar. Key figure of merit: normalized time delay = total time delay / input pulse duration ≈ informati ...
A New Analog Optical Processing Scheme for Solving NP
... Analog optical processing can indeed solve NP-hard problems. It is known that analog optical processing can indeed solve NP-hard problems; see, e.g., [6, 7] and references therein. This does not mean, of course, that we can actually solve NP-hard problems in polynomial time: polynomial time correspo ...
... Analog optical processing can indeed solve NP-hard problems. It is known that analog optical processing can indeed solve NP-hard problems; see, e.g., [6, 7] and references therein. This does not mean, of course, that we can actually solve NP-hard problems in polynomial time: polynomial time correspo ...
Brightfield contrast methods
... Darkfield: By using a condenser N.A. greater than the objective N.A., 0th order undiffracted light is rejected at the objective back focal plane, and does not contribute to image formation. Only interference of higher-order diffracted light contributes to image formation. The result is that details ...
... Darkfield: By using a condenser N.A. greater than the objective N.A., 0th order undiffracted light is rejected at the objective back focal plane, and does not contribute to image formation. Only interference of higher-order diffracted light contributes to image formation. The result is that details ...
Atmospheric optics
Atmospheric optics deals with how the unique optical properties of the Earth's atmosphere cause a wide range of spectacular optical phenomena. The blue color of the sky is a direct result of Rayleigh scattering which redirects higher frequency (blue) sunlight back into the field of view of the observer. Because blue light is scattered more easily than red light, the sun takes on a reddish hue when it is observed through a thick atmosphere, as during a sunrise or sunset. Additional particulate matter in the sky can scatter different colors at different angles creating colorful glowing skies at dusk and dawn. Scattering off of ice crystals and other particles in the atmosphere are responsible for halos, afterglows, coronas, rays of sunlight, and sun dogs. The variation in these kinds of phenomena is due to different particle sizes and geometries.Mirages are optical phenomena in which light rays are bent due to thermal variations in the refraction index of air, producing displaced or heavily distorted images of distant objects. Other optical phenomena associated with this include the Novaya Zemlya effect where the sun appears to rise earlier or set later than predicted with a distorted shape. A spectacular form of refraction occurs with a temperature inversion called the Fata Morgana where objects on the horizon or even beyond the horizon, such as islands, cliffs, ships or icebergs, appear elongated and elevated, like ""fairy tale castles"".Rainbows are the result of a combination of internal reflection and dispersive refraction of light in raindrops. Because rainbows are seen on the opposite side of the sky as the sun, rainbows are more prominent the closer the sun is to the horizon due to their greater distance apart.