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The influence of growth temperature on CVD grown graphene on SiC
The influence of growth temperature on CVD grown graphene on SiC

Iron Mineralogy of Venus` Surface Investigated by Mossbauer
Iron Mineralogy of Venus` Surface Investigated by Mossbauer

Dependence of Intramolecular Vibrational Relaxation on Central
Dependence of Intramolecular Vibrational Relaxation on Central

... conditions allowing ultimate resolution (determined by the radiative line width), such a spectrum will consist of a series of sharp transitions as long as the density of states is low enough that only a single state lies within the radiative line-width profile.IO A short laser pulse (short on the ti ...
Achromatic correction of diffractive dispersion in white light SLM
Achromatic correction of diffractive dispersion in white light SLM

Fourier-domain holography in photorefractive quantum-well films
Fourier-domain holography in photorefractive quantum-well films

Alkyl Chain Length Dependence of the Dynamics and Structure in
Alkyl Chain Length Dependence of the Dynamics and Structure in

Improved Intrapulse Raman Scattering Control via Asymmetric Airy
Improved Intrapulse Raman Scattering Control via Asymmetric Airy

... values of the bandwidth or σ are expected to give similar results because of the scaling properties of Airy pulses. The generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation [18] was employed to analyze the propagation of Airy pulses in a large effective area fiber (LEAF) (see Methods in Ref. [19]). Figures 2( ...
Recent Advances in Development and Applications of the Mixed
Recent Advances in Development and Applications of the Mixed

... vibrational) is large. Examples include photochemistry,24 collisioninduced dissociation,25,26 exothermic chemical reactions,27 and hyperthermal phenomena.28 However, for the low-energy collisions, or when just a few low-lying quantum states are involved, the method of classical trajectories is not e ...
Advanced Applications
Advanced Applications

... Time (minutes) ...
The effects of longitudinal chromatic aberration and a shift in the
The effects of longitudinal chromatic aberration and a shift in the

Scanning angle total internal reflection Raman spectroscopy and
Scanning angle total internal reflection Raman spectroscopy and

Calculation of vectorial three-dimensional transfer
Calculation of vectorial three-dimensional transfer

... this method is particularly inadequate, because fast Fourier transform algorithms can not be used efficiently. Alternatively, the OTF can be expressed as the correlation or convolution of the vector components of the pupil function. In two dimensions numerical correlation yields the two-dimensional ...
Sidelobe decline in single-photon 4Pi microscopy by Toraldo rings
Sidelobe decline in single-photon 4Pi microscopy by Toraldo rings

FINCH: Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Hologram
FINCH: Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Hologram

Point spread function engineering in confocal scanning microscopy
Point spread function engineering in confocal scanning microscopy

... provide any improvement in the depth discrimination capacity. On the contrary, in a 4Pi-confocal microscope two opposing high-NA objectives are used to coherently illuminate and detect the same point of the fluorescence specimen. In case of single-photon fluorescence the resulting PSF has a main pea ...
Reversible binding of sulfur dioxide to arylplatinum (II) and nickel (II
Reversible binding of sulfur dioxide to arylplatinum (II) and nickel (II

Handbook of Optical Filters
Handbook of Optical Filters

... The basic configuration of the modern fluorescence microscope described above is the result of almost 100 years of development and innovation. By looking at its development over the years, one can gain a better understanding of the function of these various components. The first fluorescence microsc ...
REVIEW Probing of operating electrochemical interfaces by photons
REVIEW Probing of operating electrochemical interfaces by photons

Optical measurement technique with telecentric lenses
Optical measurement technique with telecentric lenses

... the same size. To realize this, one has to approach the object very closely with the wide angle lens (approx. 35 cm). With the tele-lens however the distance has to be very large (approx. 2 m). One may clearly observe, that with the wide angle lens the chess figures, which were arranged in equally s ...
High-temperature ultrafast polariton parametric amplification in
High-temperature ultrafast polariton parametric amplification in

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Supernormal vision and high-resolution retinal imaging through

... It has long been known that the normal human eye suffers from many monochromatic aberrations that degrade retinal image quality. Helmholtz, commenting on the eye, put it as follows: ‘‘Now, it is not too much to say that if an optician wanted to sell me an instrument which had all these defects, I sh ...
Paper - University of Queensland
Paper - University of Queensland

... C. Polarization of Light Through Scattering Light scatters when it encounters a charge or particle in free space. The charge or particle impacts the electric field as the field propagates through space, and this influence can affect the polarization state of the light. An example is the Rayleigh mod ...
Fluorescence of coumarins and xanthenes after two
Fluorescence of coumarins and xanthenes after two

... which results of the two-photon cross sections were given.6,7 Two-photon absorption is of interest in spectroscopy because two-photon transitions are governed by different selection rules than one-photon absorption transitions.8 Therefore transitions between singlet states can be excited by two-phot ...
Frequency domain optical parametric amplification - few
Frequency domain optical parametric amplification - few

... on grating G1 and collimation with M1, each wavelength is focused to a 200 mm spot size in the FP. This spot size in combination with grating dispersion and focal length of M1 define the seed pulse duration in the FP, which is about 1.4ps as explained in the Methods section and supplementary Fig. 2. ...
Soleil-Babinet Compensator
Soleil-Babinet Compensator

< 1 ... 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ... 57 >

Chemical imaging

Chemical imaging (as quantitative – chemical mapping) is the analytical capability to create a visual image of components distribution from simultaneous measurement of spectra and spatial, time information.The main idea - for chemical imaging, the analyst may choose to take as many data spectrum measured at a particular chemical component in spatial location at time; this is useful for chemical identification and quantification. Alternatively, selecting an image plane at a particular data spectrum (PCA - multivariable data of wavelength, spatial location at time) can map the spatial distribution of sample components, provided that their spectral signatures are different at the selected data spectrum.Software for chemical imaging is most specific and distinguished from chemical methods such as chemometrics. Hyperspectral imaging is most often applied to either solid or gel samples, and has applications in chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacy (see also for example: food science, biotechnology, agriculture and industry. NIR, IR and Raman chemical imaging is also referred to as hyperspectral, spectroscopic, spectral or multispectral imaging (also see microspectroscopy). However, other ultra-sensitive and selective imaging techniques are also in use that involve either UV-visible or fluorescence microspectroscopy. Many imaging techniques can be used to analyze samples of all sizes, from the single molecule to the cellular level in biology and medicine, and to images of planetary systems in astronomy, but different instrumentation is employed for making observations on such widely different systems.Imaging instrumentation has three components: a radiation source to illuminate the sample, a spectrally selective element, and usually a detector array (the camera) to collect the images. When many stacked spectral channels (wavelengths) are collected for different locations of the microspectrometer focus on a line or planar array in the focal plane, the data is called hyperspectral; fewer wavelength data sets are called multispectral. The data format is called a hypercube. The data set may be visualized as a data cube, a three-dimensional block of data spanning two spatial dimensions (x and y), with a series of wavelengths (lambda) making up the third (spectral) axis. The hypercube can be visually and mathematically treated as a series of spectrally resolved images (each image plane corresponding to the image at one wavelength) or a series of spatially resolved spectra. Many materials, both manufactured and naturally occurring, derive their functionality from the spatial distribution of sample components. For example, extended release pharmaceutical formulations can be achieved by using a coating that acts as a barrier layer. The release of active ingredient is controlled by the presence of this barrier, and imperfections in the coating, such as discontinuities, may result in altered performance. In the semi-conductor industry, irregularities or contaminants in silicon wafers or printed micro-circuits can lead to failure of these components. The functionality of biological systems is also dependent upon chemical gradients – a single cell, tissue, and even whole organs function because of the very specific arrangement of components. It has been shown that even small changes in chemical composition and distribution may be an early indicator of disease. Any material that depends on chemical gradients for functionality may be amenable to study by an analytical technique that couples spatial and chemical characterization. To efficiently and effectively design and manufacture such materials, the ‘what’ and the ‘where’ must both be measured. The demand for this type of analysis is increasing as manufactured materials become more complex. Chemical imaging techniques is critical to understanding modern manufactured products and in some cases is a non-destructive technique so that samples are preserved for further testing.
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