Müller cells separate between wavelengths to improve day vision
... retina, and ∇ = three dimensional derivative, the laplacian (see also Supplementary Information). An initial light distribution entering the cell was taken as a diffraction pattern from the eye’s pupil, which is broadened by corneal aberrations, to create an average Gaussian distribution of ~40 µm w ...
... retina, and ∇ = three dimensional derivative, the laplacian (see also Supplementary Information). An initial light distribution entering the cell was taken as a diffraction pattern from the eye’s pupil, which is broadened by corneal aberrations, to create an average Gaussian distribution of ~40 µm w ...
Phase-conjugated twin waves for communication
... the PCTW-based nonlinearity cancellation works, in Fig. 1c we show the simulated evolutions of the E-field distortions of the twin waves Ex and Ey during nonlinear propagation. A detailed description of the simulation method is presented in the Methods. Evidently, the nonlinear distortion dEx on Ex i ...
... the PCTW-based nonlinearity cancellation works, in Fig. 1c we show the simulated evolutions of the E-field distortions of the twin waves Ex and Ey during nonlinear propagation. A detailed description of the simulation method is presented in the Methods. Evidently, the nonlinear distortion dEx on Ex i ...
Sample manuscript showing specifications and style
... direct view setup. An eye pupil located inside the observer window can see a 3d scene inside a frustrum ranging from the eye to the border of the screen and beyond. For sake of simplicity this scheme is shown with transmissive components where in a real setup reflective devices are used for SLM and ...
... direct view setup. An eye pupil located inside the observer window can see a 3d scene inside a frustrum ranging from the eye to the border of the screen and beyond. For sake of simplicity this scheme is shown with transmissive components where in a real setup reflective devices are used for SLM and ...
Anomalous transient amplification of waves in non
... [6] and represent a class of optical systems where the deliberate introduction of loss and its spatial distribution along with gain can achieve new functionalities with potential applications as optical isolators and switches [12]. Parity-time symmetric systems in the context of metamaterials [13] a ...
... [6] and represent a class of optical systems where the deliberate introduction of loss and its spatial distribution along with gain can achieve new functionalities with potential applications as optical isolators and switches [12]. Parity-time symmetric systems in the context of metamaterials [13] a ...
Metamaterials: a new frontier of science and technology Chem. Soc. Rev 40
... By overlapping two sets of meta-structures with er,eff o 0 and mr,eff o 0 in the same frequency window, we expect to create metamaterials with a negative effective refractive index (i.e., neff o 0), which were first experimentally demonstrated by Smith and colleagues in the microwave domain.14,15 A wedge ...
... By overlapping two sets of meta-structures with er,eff o 0 and mr,eff o 0 in the same frequency window, we expect to create metamaterials with a negative effective refractive index (i.e., neff o 0), which were first experimentally demonstrated by Smith and colleagues in the microwave domain.14,15 A wedge ...
Fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers and their applications
... P. A. Andrekson is with Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden and also with CENiX Inc., Allentown, PA 18106 USA. M. Westlund and P.-O. Hedekvist are with Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden. J. Li is with Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 ...
... P. A. Andrekson is with Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden and also with CENiX Inc., Allentown, PA 18106 USA. M. Westlund and P.-O. Hedekvist are with Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden. J. Li is with Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 ...
Investigating sources of variability of monochromatic and
... means of a joystick, a test spot (which enters the pupil of the eye sequentially at 37 locations) to a cross, viewed through the pupil center. Both the test and the reference target were green. The pupil center was used as the reference and aligned to the optical axis of the instrument, using an IR ...
... means of a joystick, a test spot (which enters the pupil of the eye sequentially at 37 locations) to a cross, viewed through the pupil center. Both the test and the reference target were green. The pupil center was used as the reference and aligned to the optical axis of the instrument, using an IR ...
Ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter with a hybrid
... reported in the literature2 – 6; they typically require relatively long waveguide structures (length of the order of millimeters). The approach presented in this Letter occupies an area of only 15 mm 3 10 mm. Moreover, we show that its performance accommodates reasonable fabrication tolerances. The ...
... reported in the literature2 – 6; they typically require relatively long waveguide structures (length of the order of millimeters). The approach presented in this Letter occupies an area of only 15 mm 3 10 mm. Moreover, we show that its performance accommodates reasonable fabrication tolerances. The ...
Metamaterials: a new frontier of science and technology Chem. Soc. Rev 40
... By overlapping two sets of meta-structures with er,eff o 0 and mr,eff o 0 in the same frequency window, we expect to create metamaterials with a negative effective refractive index (i.e., neff o 0), which were first experimentally demonstrated by Smith and colleagues in the microwave domain.14,15 A wedge ...
... By overlapping two sets of meta-structures with er,eff o 0 and mr,eff o 0 in the same frequency window, we expect to create metamaterials with a negative effective refractive index (i.e., neff o 0), which were first experimentally demonstrated by Smith and colleagues in the microwave domain.14,15 A wedge ...
A-141
... non-polarized light. There are optical filters that constrain the oscillations of non-polarized light to just one direction. These are known as polarizing filters. Light from an LED that passes through a polarizing filter oscillates in only one direction and is referred to as linear polarized light. ...
... non-polarized light. There are optical filters that constrain the oscillations of non-polarized light to just one direction. These are known as polarizing filters. Light from an LED that passes through a polarizing filter oscillates in only one direction and is referred to as linear polarized light. ...
Full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis of solitonic pulse
... resonators, which can be readily integrated in array geometries for useful functions in areas such as optical communication [3, 4], signal processing in the nanoscale regime [5]. Its nonlinear phase response can also be readily incorporated into an interferometer system to produce a specific intensi ...
... resonators, which can be readily integrated in array geometries for useful functions in areas such as optical communication [3, 4], signal processing in the nanoscale regime [5]. Its nonlinear phase response can also be readily incorporated into an interferometer system to produce a specific intensi ...
Ray Model
... the rays which travel longer distances travel with higher velocities and the rays which travel shorter distances travel with lower velocities, the pulse spread on the fiber can be reduced and consequently the bandwidth can be increased. (b) The ray which is at a higher angle, should speed up and the ...
... the rays which travel longer distances travel with higher velocities and the rays which travel shorter distances travel with lower velocities, the pulse spread on the fiber can be reduced and consequently the bandwidth can be increased. (b) The ray which is at a higher angle, should speed up and the ...
McIntyre, Stuart (2013) Limitations to light microscope resolution in
... Fluorescence imaging has become a vital tool for understanding cardiac cell function. With the advent of calcium-sensitive and fast response voltage-sensitive dyes, it is now possible to gain complex physiological recordings from various cardiac muscle preparations, while simultaneously optically se ...
... Fluorescence imaging has become a vital tool for understanding cardiac cell function. With the advent of calcium-sensitive and fast response voltage-sensitive dyes, it is now possible to gain complex physiological recordings from various cardiac muscle preparations, while simultaneously optically se ...
The pupils and optical systems of gecko eyes
... sensitivity of the helmet gecko eye has been calculated to be 350 times higher than human cone vision at the color vision threshold. The optics and the large cones of the gecko are important reasons why they can use color vision at low light intensities. Using photorefractometry and an adapted labor ...
... sensitivity of the helmet gecko eye has been calculated to be 350 times higher than human cone vision at the color vision threshold. The optics and the large cones of the gecko are important reasons why they can use color vision at low light intensities. Using photorefractometry and an adapted labor ...
Optical study of lead borosilicate glasses
... Lorentz–Lorenz [23,33] equation, the density of the material affects the refractive index in a direct proportion. Also, there are some factors influences the increase of the refractive index such as (i) The coordination number, Z, of the studied glasses. Introducing PbO causes as discussed previously ...
... Lorentz–Lorenz [23,33] equation, the density of the material affects the refractive index in a direct proportion. Also, there are some factors influences the increase of the refractive index such as (i) The coordination number, Z, of the studied glasses. Introducing PbO causes as discussed previously ...
Title High-Resolution Imaging of Retinal Nerve Fiber Bundles in
... (NFL) is important for detecting and managing glaucoma. However, it has been reported that NFL defects could not be visualized until NFL thickness at the center of the NFL defect decreased to less than 50% of the normal value in experimental primates.1 It also is difficult to obtain fundus photograp ...
... (NFL) is important for detecting and managing glaucoma. However, it has been reported that NFL defects could not be visualized until NFL thickness at the center of the NFL defect decreased to less than 50% of the normal value in experimental primates.1 It also is difficult to obtain fundus photograp ...
Total Internal Reflection Spectroscopy for Studying Soft Matter
... when the surface sensitivity is not necessary, for example in sum-frequency generation where the surface sensitivity is intrinsic to the technique but a TIR geometry is still convenient experimentally since the signal scales as the sixth power of the electric fields at the interface. Finally, TIR te ...
... when the surface sensitivity is not necessary, for example in sum-frequency generation where the surface sensitivity is intrinsic to the technique but a TIR geometry is still convenient experimentally since the signal scales as the sixth power of the electric fields at the interface. Finally, TIR te ...
Systematics of c-Axis Phonons in Tl and Bi Based Superconductors.
... and Bi2⫺x Pbx Sr2CaCu2O8兲 based cuprate superconductors. From the spectra, which are dominated by the c-axis phonons, longitudinal optical 共LO兲 frequencies are directly obtained. The reflectivity curves are well fitted by a series of Lorentz oscillators. In this way the transverse optical 共TO兲 phono ...
... and Bi2⫺x Pbx Sr2CaCu2O8兲 based cuprate superconductors. From the spectra, which are dominated by the c-axis phonons, longitudinal optical 共LO兲 frequencies are directly obtained. The reflectivity curves are well fitted by a series of Lorentz oscillators. In this way the transverse optical 共TO兲 phono ...
Two-color cross-correlation in small-angle static light
... It is to be pointed out that, with the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, it is not possible to collect exactly the same q vector for the two colors, as the two beams impinge onto the cell along the same direction ~see Fig. 2!. At low angle, however, the difference d q between the two scattering wave vect ...
... It is to be pointed out that, with the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, it is not possible to collect exactly the same q vector for the two colors, as the two beams impinge onto the cell along the same direction ~see Fig. 2!. At low angle, however, the difference d q between the two scattering wave vect ...
Hyperspectral optical imaging of human iris in vivo: characteristics of
... (Ba2 SO4 ). The corresponding image cube was acquired in identical conditions as for the iris. The black image cube gives an estimation of the dark current noise49, 50 and was obtained in the same exact condition as in the white reference but with the light source off which prevented any light into ...
... (Ba2 SO4 ). The corresponding image cube was acquired in identical conditions as for the iris. The black image cube gives an estimation of the dark current noise49, 50 and was obtained in the same exact condition as in the white reference but with the light source off which prevented any light into ...
24.1 Physics 6C Geometrical Optics
... To remember this, just follow the light – a real (positive) image will have light rays passing through it. Don’t forget the negative sign in this formula. The sign of m tells you if the image is upright (+) or inverted (-) ...
... To remember this, just follow the light – a real (positive) image will have light rays passing through it. Don’t forget the negative sign in this formula. The sign of m tells you if the image is upright (+) or inverted (-) ...
optical properties of biaxial minerals
... Two types of mineral sections are useful for determination of optic sign of biaxial minerals. Sections cut r to Bxa: Again conoscopic viewing is necessary, ie., with convergent polarized light, high power objective and analyser and Bertrand Lens are inposition, to obtain the optic figure (FIG. 7.13 ...
... Two types of mineral sections are useful for determination of optic sign of biaxial minerals. Sections cut r to Bxa: Again conoscopic viewing is necessary, ie., with convergent polarized light, high power objective and analyser and Bertrand Lens are inposition, to obtain the optic figure (FIG. 7.13 ...
Prospects for atom interferometry
... determined. The device can therefore be used as a gyroscope with a sensitivity which depends on how precisely the resulting interference fringes allow D U to be measured. Until the 1920s, no one had ever considered making such interferometers with matter sources because the wave-like nature of matte ...
... determined. The device can therefore be used as a gyroscope with a sensitivity which depends on how precisely the resulting interference fringes allow D U to be measured. Until the 1920s, no one had ever considered making such interferometers with matter sources because the wave-like nature of matte ...
Optical Fiber Sensors for Biomedical Applications
... the tissue. The light source characteristics provide a wide range of properties for optical interrogation of tissues including intensity, phase, polarization state, and wavelength content. 2. Optical fibers deliver light from a light source to a sensing mechanism (see Section 17.2.2 below) located a ...
... the tissue. The light source characteristics provide a wide range of properties for optical interrogation of tissues including intensity, phase, polarization state, and wavelength content. 2. Optical fibers deliver light from a light source to a sensing mechanism (see Section 17.2.2 below) located a ...
Optical coherence tomography
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an established medical imaging technique that uses light to capture micrometer-resolution, three-dimensional images from within optical scattering media (e.g., biological tissue). Optical coherence tomography is based on low-coherence interferometry, typically employing near-infrared light. The use of relatively long wavelength light allows it to penetrate into the scattering medium. Confocal microscopy, another optical technique, typically penetrates less deeply into the sample but with higher resolution.Depending on the properties of the light source (superluminescent diodes, ultrashort pulsed lasers, and supercontinuum lasers have been employed), optical coherence tomography has achieved sub- micrometer resolution (with very wide-spectrum sources emitting over a ~100 nm wavelength range).Optical coherence tomography is one of a class of optical tomographic techniques. A relatively recent implementation of optical coherence tomography, frequency-domain optical coherence tomography, provides advantages in signal-to-noise ratio, permitting faster signal acquisition. Commercially available optical coherence tomography systems are employed in diverse applications, including art conservation and diagnostic medicine, notably in ophthalmology and optometry where it can be used to obtain detailed images from within the retina. Recently it has also begun to be used in interventional cardiology to help diagnose coronary artery disease. It has also shown promise in dermatology to improve the diagnostic process.