Experiences with the GTU grammar development environment
... Rule (1) says, that a constituent of type S consists of constituents of type NP and VP. The feature structures are given in square brackets. A capital letter in a feature structure represents a variable. Identical variables within a rule stand for shared values. Hence, the feature structures for NP ...
... Rule (1) says, that a constituent of type S consists of constituents of type NP and VP. The feature structures are given in square brackets. A capital letter in a feature structure represents a variable. Identical variables within a rule stand for shared values. Hence, the feature structures for NP ...
Readings in Chinese Transformational Syntax
... evidence within the framework of transformational grammar. Thus, (A) - (F) can be generalized under one single general syntactic principle to the_effect that SOY languages tend to place restricting elements before restricted elements. 8 This principle can account for the order of SOY itself, since t ...
... evidence within the framework of transformational grammar. Thus, (A) - (F) can be generalized under one single general syntactic principle to the_effect that SOY languages tend to place restricting elements before restricted elements. 8 This principle can account for the order of SOY itself, since t ...
1 The origins of language
... 1 What kind of evidence is used to support the idea that language is culturally transmitted? 1 One example of the cultural transmission of language is a child with physical features inherited from its natural parents (e.g. Korean) who, if adopted at birth by English speakers, will grow up speaking E ...
... 1 What kind of evidence is used to support the idea that language is culturally transmitted? 1 One example of the cultural transmission of language is a child with physical features inherited from its natural parents (e.g. Korean) who, if adopted at birth by English speakers, will grow up speaking E ...
Creating the contours of grammar
... direction, namely extension in the historical development of semelfactive verbs in Russian. Old Church Slavonic probably did not have a well established category of semelfactive verbs, but there were seven verbs that referred to bodily acts that were arguably good candidates for semelfactives. An ex ...
... direction, namely extension in the historical development of semelfactive verbs in Russian. Old Church Slavonic probably did not have a well established category of semelfactive verbs, but there were seven verbs that referred to bodily acts that were arguably good candidates for semelfactives. An ex ...
(who | that) VP
... • Recall that verbs can also be followed by particles, word that resemble a preposition but that combine with the verb to form a phrasal verb, like take off. – These particles are generally considered to be an integral part of the verb in a way that other post-verbal elements are not; – Phrasal verb ...
... • Recall that verbs can also be followed by particles, word that resemble a preposition but that combine with the verb to form a phrasal verb, like take off. – These particles are generally considered to be an integral part of the verb in a way that other post-verbal elements are not; – Phrasal verb ...
Although many language users intuitively know what a `word` is, an
... word form /β Iζ/ can be regarded as a realization of the plural form, the singular genitive, and the plural genitive. In applying the concept of grammatical words, linguists are particularly interested in the question of how words, as minimal syntactic units, are arranged in grammatical structures. ...
... word form /β Iζ/ can be regarded as a realization of the plural form, the singular genitive, and the plural genitive. In applying the concept of grammatical words, linguists are particularly interested in the question of how words, as minimal syntactic units, are arranged in grammatical structures. ...
Context Free Grammars 10/28/2003 Reading: Chap 9, Jurafsky
... The notion of context in CFGs is not the same as the ordinary meaning of the word context in language. All it really means is that the non-terminal on the left-hand side of a rule is out there all by itself A -> B C Means that I can rewrite an A as a B followed by a C regardless of the context in wh ...
... The notion of context in CFGs is not the same as the ordinary meaning of the word context in language. All it really means is that the non-terminal on the left-hand side of a rule is out there all by itself A -> B C Means that I can rewrite an A as a B followed by a C regardless of the context in wh ...
Semantic change in the grammaticalization of classifiers in
... 1. Construction Grammar (CG): “is considered a ‘holistic’ framework which emphasizes the uniform representation of form and function and states that no one level of grammar, be it syntactic, semantic or phonological, is autonomous. ...
... 1. Construction Grammar (CG): “is considered a ‘holistic’ framework which emphasizes the uniform representation of form and function and states that no one level of grammar, be it syntactic, semantic or phonological, is autonomous. ...
6 Cfu
... used for dramatic effect in writing. It occurs when the audience is introduced to someone as an abstract, before later learning his or her name. For example: "Here he comes, our award-winning host... it's John Doe!" Cataphoric references can also be found in written text, for example "see page 10". ...
... used for dramatic effect in writing. It occurs when the audience is introduced to someone as an abstract, before later learning his or her name. For example: "Here he comes, our award-winning host... it's John Doe!" Cataphoric references can also be found in written text, for example "see page 10". ...
Language and Composition Terms
... (2) situational irony – when events turn out the opposite of what was expected; when what the characters and readers think ought to happen is not what does happen (3) dramatic irony – when facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or ...
... (2) situational irony – when events turn out the opposite of what was expected; when what the characters and readers think ought to happen is not what does happen (3) dramatic irony – when facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or ...
Image Grammar: Painting Pictures with Words
... use of isolated grammar and usage exercises not supported by theory and research is a deterrent to the improvement of students' speaking and writing and that, in order to improve both of these, class time at all levels must be devoted to opportunities for meaningful listening, speaking, reading, and ...
... use of isolated grammar and usage exercises not supported by theory and research is a deterrent to the improvement of students' speaking and writing and that, in order to improve both of these, class time at all levels must be devoted to opportunities for meaningful listening, speaking, reading, and ...
Word order typology and Malayo
... order and if in addition, it also has NA (as opposed to AN), then it is more than likely to also have the third property NG (and not GN). The claim made in (f) simply says that if a language has Pr(epositions) --and not Po(stpositions-- and if in addition, it also has NA -and not AN--, then it is mo ...
... order and if in addition, it also has NA (as opposed to AN), then it is more than likely to also have the third property NG (and not GN). The claim made in (f) simply says that if a language has Pr(epositions) --and not Po(stpositions-- and if in addition, it also has NA -and not AN--, then it is mo ...
Grammar for Grade 9 IV Clauses and Sentence
... you should avoid them. • Your teacher will likely assume that you didn’t notice them, and your grades might suffer. ...
... you should avoid them. • Your teacher will likely assume that you didn’t notice them, and your grades might suffer. ...
was hit
... are called loops, not chapters, because chapters tend to move forward in a linear way, introducing new material along the path, whereas these loops do not really introduce new ideas; rather, they let us explore new expressions of things we have begun to know, increasing our comprehension rather than ...
... are called loops, not chapters, because chapters tend to move forward in a linear way, introducing new material along the path, whereas these loops do not really introduce new ideas; rather, they let us explore new expressions of things we have begun to know, increasing our comprehension rather than ...
(I) Word Classes and Phrases
... Similar comments apply to sentences (4) and (5). So, we need an additional set of labels to characterise how the phrases join together to make these sentences. Remember, both Mary and John are NOUNS. But in John hit Mary, John is the SUBJECT (S) and Mary is the OBJECT (O), whereas in Mary hit John i ...
... Similar comments apply to sentences (4) and (5). So, we need an additional set of labels to characterise how the phrases join together to make these sentences. Remember, both Mary and John are NOUNS. But in John hit Mary, John is the SUBJECT (S) and Mary is the OBJECT (O), whereas in Mary hit John i ...
The linguistic string parser*
... daughter node to its parent by a vertical line, and connecting the other daughter nodes to the first by a horizontal line. This is really the natural convention for a string grammar, since it emphasizes the connection between the elements of a string definition. More interesting is the regular appea ...
... daughter node to its parent by a vertical line, and connecting the other daughter nodes to the first by a horizontal line. This is really the natural convention for a string grammar, since it emphasizes the connection between the elements of a string definition. More interesting is the regular appea ...
(I) Word Classes and Phrases
... (John hit Mary and Mary hit John) the same description when they mean very different things. In (1), John does the hitting and Mary is hit, and in (2), Mary does the hitting and John is hit. Similar comments apply to sentences (4) and (5). So, we need an additional set of labels to characterise how ...
... (John hit Mary and Mary hit John) the same description when they mean very different things. In (1), John does the hitting and Mary is hit, and in (2), Mary does the hitting and John is hit. Similar comments apply to sentences (4) and (5). So, we need an additional set of labels to characterise how ...
Grammar/Writing 3
... o Do they help narrow the topic and are they connected smoothly to each other? Are there enough general statements in the introduction for you to understand how the writer is focusing the topic for the essay? Is the thesis clear? Do you know what the essay will discuss? Are the sub-topics in e ...
... o Do they help narrow the topic and are they connected smoothly to each other? Are there enough general statements in the introduction for you to understand how the writer is focusing the topic for the essay? Is the thesis clear? Do you know what the essay will discuss? Are the sub-topics in e ...
PDF
... that acts as a single part of speech. There are prepositional, appositive, and verbal phrases. Prepositional phrases always begin with prepositions and act as modifiers (adjectives or adverbs). An appositive phrase is an interrupting definition: John Adams, the second president, arrived. Verbals are v ...
... that acts as a single part of speech. There are prepositional, appositive, and verbal phrases. Prepositional phrases always begin with prepositions and act as modifiers (adjectives or adverbs). An appositive phrase is an interrupting definition: John Adams, the second president, arrived. Verbals are v ...
Acceleration Reader Series An Experiment in Latin Pedagogy
... object of a verb is in some sense subordinate to it grammatically or that the subject in a way stands over the verb. But there remains an advantage in visually marking the core elements of the kernel of the sentence, so that putting these elements flush left aids clarity in a particular way. Readers ...
... object of a verb is in some sense subordinate to it grammatically or that the subject in a way stands over the verb. But there remains an advantage in visually marking the core elements of the kernel of the sentence, so that putting these elements flush left aids clarity in a particular way. Readers ...
Towards a Universal Grammar for Natural Language Processing
... across similar languages but nevertheless with more or less arbitrary (and often quite subtle) differences in terminology and notation. When these differences are inherited into treebank annotation schemes, they give rise to a number of problems for researchers and developers in natural language pro ...
... across similar languages but nevertheless with more or less arbitrary (and often quite subtle) differences in terminology and notation. When these differences are inherited into treebank annotation schemes, they give rise to a number of problems for researchers and developers in natural language pro ...
Participles and Participial Phrases A participle is a verb form used
... Participles and participial phrases are always adjectives. The noun or pronoun they modify is usually very close to the phrase. Notice in sentences 1 and 3 above that the participial phrases precede the noun they modify; however, in sentence 2 the phrase immediately follows the noun it modifies. The ...
... Participles and participial phrases are always adjectives. The noun or pronoun they modify is usually very close to the phrase. Notice in sentences 1 and 3 above that the participial phrases precede the noun they modify; however, in sentence 2 the phrase immediately follows the noun it modifies. The ...