Introduction to the
... underlined – you must decide whether the underlined portion is correct or needs correcting • Measures knowledge of grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure • Some questions are designed to see if you know how to revise and strengthen a passage, how to change particular words for style or clarity ...
... underlined – you must decide whether the underlined portion is correct or needs correcting • Measures knowledge of grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure • Some questions are designed to see if you know how to revise and strengthen a passage, how to change particular words for style or clarity ...
English Grammar and Syntactic Structures Feyisayo Ademola
... For example, the word hunger is not an entity yet it is a noun in The child died of hunger. Pink is a name of a colour but it is an adjective in she wore a pink dress. The current trend is to establish word classes that are coherent. That is, all words belonging to the same class should behave in th ...
... For example, the word hunger is not an entity yet it is a noun in The child died of hunger. Pink is a name of a colour but it is an adjective in she wore a pink dress. The current trend is to establish word classes that are coherent. That is, all words belonging to the same class should behave in th ...
Lecture 2: Phrase Structure
... I considered [his convincing lie]/[him convincingly lying] [his convincing lie]/[him convincingly lying] persuaded the jury ...
... I considered [his convincing lie]/[him convincingly lying] [his convincing lie]/[him convincingly lying] persuaded the jury ...
Prominence and accentuation in French. A corpus
... clause, which is frequently the case for infinitives (with a 43.4 to 56.1% of final accentuation). Even if grammatical category is an important clue for predicting the realization of final accentuation, the number of syllables in the word as well as its position in the clause appear to be of great i ...
... clause, which is frequently the case for infinitives (with a 43.4 to 56.1% of final accentuation). Even if grammatical category is an important clue for predicting the realization of final accentuation, the number of syllables in the word as well as its position in the clause appear to be of great i ...
Noun clauses
... complements, appositives, objects of prepositions, and may be modified by adjectives ...
... complements, appositives, objects of prepositions, and may be modified by adjectives ...
Commas
... ● If you leave out the clause, phrase, or word, does the sentence still make sense? ● Does the element interrupt the flow of words in the original sentence? (The Newscaster Rule) If you answer "yes" to one or both of these questions, then the element in question is nonessential and should be set off ...
... ● If you leave out the clause, phrase, or word, does the sentence still make sense? ● Does the element interrupt the flow of words in the original sentence? (The Newscaster Rule) If you answer "yes" to one or both of these questions, then the element in question is nonessential and should be set off ...
Chapter 2 powerpoint
... • Each of these meanings can be represented by a different phrase structure tree – The two interpretations are possible because the PS rules allow more than one structure for the same string of words ...
... • Each of these meanings can be represented by a different phrase structure tree – The two interpretations are possible because the PS rules allow more than one structure for the same string of words ...
KS1 moderation presentation (PDF 321KB)
... Using expanded noun phrases It is possible to expand a noun phrase by adding words appropriately before and/or after the noun There is no requirement for an expanded noun phrase to include a specific number of adjectives ...
... Using expanded noun phrases It is possible to expand a noun phrase by adding words appropriately before and/or after the noun There is no requirement for an expanded noun phrase to include a specific number of adjectives ...
phrases
... When a main (independent) clause refers to the past, the verb in the time clause is also using a past tense. I ate breakfast when I woke up. When a main clause refers to a future action, the verb in the time clause is usually in the simple present form. When I get home, I’ll call you. I am going hom ...
... When a main (independent) clause refers to the past, the verb in the time clause is also using a past tense. I ate breakfast when I woke up. When a main clause refers to a future action, the verb in the time clause is usually in the simple present form. When I get home, I’ll call you. I am going hom ...
the relationship between noun phrase and verb phrase
... In spite of the use of the term phrase in a broader sense, this term is used especially for groups of words, of which the head is a word such as a noun, verb, preposition, adjective, and an adverb. Thus, the terms a noun phrase (NP), verb phrase (VP), prepositional phrase (PP), adjective phrase (Adj ...
... In spite of the use of the term phrase in a broader sense, this term is used especially for groups of words, of which the head is a word such as a noun, verb, preposition, adjective, and an adverb. Thus, the terms a noun phrase (NP), verb phrase (VP), prepositional phrase (PP), adjective phrase (Adj ...
Sentence Connectors and Transitions
... THEREFORE, CONSEQUENTLY, THUS – connects a result to a preceding cause FOR EXAMPLE, FOR INSTANCE – connects an example/illustration to a preceding statement FIRST, NEXT, THEN, FINALLY – shows a sequential relationship between ideas Use, position and punctuation: When connecting two independent claus ...
... THEREFORE, CONSEQUENTLY, THUS – connects a result to a preceding cause FOR EXAMPLE, FOR INSTANCE – connects an example/illustration to a preceding statement FIRST, NEXT, THEN, FINALLY – shows a sequential relationship between ideas Use, position and punctuation: When connecting two independent claus ...
L2 Adjective and Adverb Phrases
... part of speech. Phrases are not a complete thought so they cannot stand alone. To be considered a prepositional phrase, there must be a preposition followed by an object, a noun or a pronoun. Remember, prepositions are what can be called “location” words. Note the list of common prepositions below. ...
... part of speech. Phrases are not a complete thought so they cannot stand alone. To be considered a prepositional phrase, there must be a preposition followed by an object, a noun or a pronoun. Remember, prepositions are what can be called “location” words. Note the list of common prepositions below. ...
Modifiers (Noun Strings) Modifying Gerunds Mood
... A paragraph is a cohesive group of sentences. It presents a thought or several related thoughts. Each paragraph should be long enough to stand alone but short enough to hold the reader’s attention and then direct that attention to the next thought. Too many short paragraphs are jarring to the reade ...
... A paragraph is a cohesive group of sentences. It presents a thought or several related thoughts. Each paragraph should be long enough to stand alone but short enough to hold the reader’s attention and then direct that attention to the next thought. Too many short paragraphs are jarring to the reade ...
Context Free Grammar
... IBM moved [NP a bigger computer] [PP to the Sears store] it made it more likely that they use a similar structure like: The wealthy widow gave [NP her Mercedes] [PP to the church] instead of: The wealthy widow gave [NP the church][NP her Mercedes] • Some researchers claim that natural language synta ...
... IBM moved [NP a bigger computer] [PP to the Sears store] it made it more likely that they use a similar structure like: The wealthy widow gave [NP her Mercedes] [PP to the church] instead of: The wealthy widow gave [NP the church][NP her Mercedes] • Some researchers claim that natural language synta ...
MORE THAN ONE MEANING
... a book and Visiting relatives can be boring. These ambiguities are said to be structural because each such phrase can be represented in two structurally different ways, e.g. (English history) teacher and English (history teacher). Consider the structurally ambiguous sentence The chicken is ready to ...
... a book and Visiting relatives can be boring. These ambiguities are said to be structural because each such phrase can be represented in two structurally different ways, e.g. (English history) teacher and English (history teacher). Consider the structurally ambiguous sentence The chicken is ready to ...
3. Syntax
... b. * I watched the it last week. The new sentence is not grammatical, so the bolded words in the first sentence do not form a noun phrase. 22 a. Bob threw away his homework. b. Bob threw it. The new sentence is grammatical, so it is not marked with a (*). However, it does not mean the same thing as ...
... b. * I watched the it last week. The new sentence is not grammatical, so the bolded words in the first sentence do not form a noun phrase. 22 a. Bob threw away his homework. b. Bob threw it. The new sentence is grammatical, so it is not marked with a (*). However, it does not mean the same thing as ...
Daniel likes to read books
... Normal: We can go with friends. Noun clause: We can go with whomever she wants. O Or the predicate nominative Normal: Next week is the start of the contest. Noun clause: Next week is when the contest begins. ...
... Normal: We can go with friends. Noun clause: We can go with whomever she wants. O Or the predicate nominative Normal: Next week is the start of the contest. Noun clause: Next week is when the contest begins. ...
13 Noun Clauses
... Think of noun clauses as dependent clauses used as you would use a noun in the independent clause. Or think of them as a sick joke played on you by the wrathful Grammar Gods. Both ways of thinking are pretty much correct. In some ways, noun clauses are the hardest type to recognize. There’s no subor ...
... Think of noun clauses as dependent clauses used as you would use a noun in the independent clause. Or think of them as a sick joke played on you by the wrathful Grammar Gods. Both ways of thinking are pretty much correct. In some ways, noun clauses are the hardest type to recognize. There’s no subor ...
Nouns – First Declesion
... sine, prep. + abl. without est, linking verb is A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. In Latin there are five basic cases or jobs a noun can have in a sentence. Latin nouns have gender and are grouped in declensions. A Latin student must not only learn the meaning of a Latin noun but also its d ...
... sine, prep. + abl. without est, linking verb is A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. In Latin there are five basic cases or jobs a noun can have in a sentence. Latin nouns have gender and are grouped in declensions. A Latin student must not only learn the meaning of a Latin noun but also its d ...
A Hidden Markov Model- Based POS Tagger for Arabic
... POS Tagging Definition • POS tagging is the process of assigning a part-of-speech tag such as noun, verb, pronoun, preposition, adverb, adjective or other tags to each word in a sentence (Jurafsky and Martin, 2000). • Based on the context to resolve lexical ambiguity. • Two approaches of POS tagger ...
... POS Tagging Definition • POS tagging is the process of assigning a part-of-speech tag such as noun, verb, pronoun, preposition, adverb, adjective or other tags to each word in a sentence (Jurafsky and Martin, 2000). • Based on the context to resolve lexical ambiguity. • Two approaches of POS tagger ...
THE PARTS OF SPEECH
... pronoun (The army is defeating itself. The committee is dividing itself.). However, some collective nouns focus on the individuals – they are distributive, assigning to each individual member of the group his respective portion – so such nouns are considered plural and take a plural verb and a plura ...
... pronoun (The army is defeating itself. The committee is dividing itself.). However, some collective nouns focus on the individuals – they are distributive, assigning to each individual member of the group his respective portion – so such nouns are considered plural and take a plural verb and a plura ...
Y00-1009
... Here, I present a version of Categorial Grammar reinforced with two kinds of features including features subcategorizing nouns and noun phrases, features subcategorizing sentences, directional features of "f---" and "--p" and other operational features for negation, copying, adding and deleting. The ...
... Here, I present a version of Categorial Grammar reinforced with two kinds of features including features subcategorizing nouns and noun phrases, features subcategorizing sentences, directional features of "f---" and "--p" and other operational features for negation, copying, adding and deleting. The ...
Head Words and Phrases Heads and their Dependents
... • Often a verb can appear in more than one subclass – Chris couldn’t remember that long shopping list. » NP complement – Chris remembered that they’d left it on the shelf. » Finite clause complement – Chris usually remembers to pick up the list. » Non-finite infinitival clause complement – Chris rem ...
... • Often a verb can appear in more than one subclass – Chris couldn’t remember that long shopping list. » NP complement – Chris remembered that they’d left it on the shelf. » Finite clause complement – Chris usually remembers to pick up the list. » Non-finite infinitival clause complement – Chris rem ...
Linguistic Essentials
... Inflectional: number, person, gender, case much like nouns (syntactic usage also similar) (pro)noun ~ “stands for” a noun classification (mostly syntactic/semantic): personal: I, you, she, she, it, we, you, they demonstrative: this, that possessive: my, your, her, his, its, our, their; mine, yours, ...
... Inflectional: number, person, gender, case much like nouns (syntactic usage also similar) (pro)noun ~ “stands for” a noun classification (mostly syntactic/semantic): personal: I, you, she, she, it, we, you, they demonstrative: this, that possessive: my, your, her, his, its, our, their; mine, yours, ...
Linguistics Essentials
... Inflectional: number, person, gender, case much like nouns (syntactic usage also similar) (pro)noun ~ “stands for” a noun classification (mostly syntactic/semantic): personal: I, you, she, she, it, we, you, they demonstrative: this, that possessive: my, your, her, his, its, our, their; mine, yours, ...
... Inflectional: number, person, gender, case much like nouns (syntactic usage also similar) (pro)noun ~ “stands for” a noun classification (mostly syntactic/semantic): personal: I, you, she, she, it, we, you, they demonstrative: this, that possessive: my, your, her, his, its, our, their; mine, yours, ...
Determiner phrase
In linguistics, a determiner phrase (DP) is a type of phrase posited by some theories of syntax. The head of a DP is a determiner, as opposed to a noun. For example in the phrase the car, the is a determiner and car is a noun; the two combine to form a phrase, and on the DP-analysis, the determiner the is head over the noun car. The existence of DPs is a controversial issue in the study of syntax. The traditional analysis of phrases such as the car is that the noun is the head, which means the phrase is a noun phrase (NP), not a determiner phrase. Beginning in the mid 1980s, an alternative analysis arose that posits the determiner as the head, which makes the phrase a DP instead of an NP.The DP-analysis of phrases such as the car is the majority view in generative grammar today (Government and Binding and Minimalist Program), but is a minority stance in the study of syntax and grammar in general. Most frameworks outside of generative grammar continue to assume the traditional NP analysis of noun phrases. For instance, representational phrase structure grammars assume NP, e.g. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, and most dependency grammars such as Meaning-Text Theory, Functional Generative Description, Lexicase Grammar also assume the traditional NP-analysis of noun phrases, Word Grammar being the one exception. Construction Grammar and Role and Reference Grammar also assume NP instead of DP. Furthermore, the DP-analysis does not reach into the teaching of grammar in schools in the English-speaking world, and certainly not in the non-English-speaking world. Since the existence of DPs is a controversial issue that splits the syntax community into two camps (DP vs. NP), this article strives to accommodate both views. Some arguments supporting/refuting both analyses are considered.