(yes) thermohaline structure
... Sea/East China Sea (YES) and to investigate the climatological water mass features and the seasonal and non-seasonal variabilities of the thermohaline structure. , and use the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) from 1945 to December 1989 to investigate the linkage between the fluxes (mo ...
... Sea/East China Sea (YES) and to investigate the climatological water mass features and the seasonal and non-seasonal variabilities of the thermohaline structure. , and use the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) from 1945 to December 1989 to investigate the linkage between the fluxes (mo ...
Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results Volume 124
... free-floating sonobuoys. The velocity/depth plots of these refraction stations are shown in Figure 2. The results from all six refraction experiments in the Celebes Sea show a remarkable consistency. Near-surface sediments are characterized by refraction velocities of between 1.7 and 2.1 km/s, consi ...
... free-floating sonobuoys. The velocity/depth plots of these refraction stations are shown in Figure 2. The results from all six refraction experiments in the Celebes Sea show a remarkable consistency. Near-surface sediments are characterized by refraction velocities of between 1.7 and 2.1 km/s, consi ...
Sea Level Variation in the Eastern Asia
... suitable predicted mean sea level rise will be 18 cm (8–29 cm) at the year 2030 and 44 cm (21– 71 cm) at the year 2070 from 1985 and they will be mainly due to the thermal expansion of oceans, and the increased melting of mountain glaciers and small ice caps. If we would have some countermeasures to ...
... suitable predicted mean sea level rise will be 18 cm (8–29 cm) at the year 2030 and 44 cm (21– 71 cm) at the year 2070 from 1985 and they will be mainly due to the thermal expansion of oceans, and the increased melting of mountain glaciers and small ice caps. If we would have some countermeasures to ...
AOOS - Summer 2015 Newsletter
... onset of fall sea ice formation in real-time will provide information important to stakeholders, such as the oil and gas industry and subsistence users. Data on the vertical temperature and salinity structure of Chukchi waters will help validate NOAA and National Weather Service sea ice forecast mod ...
... onset of fall sea ice formation in real-time will provide information important to stakeholders, such as the oil and gas industry and subsistence users. Data on the vertical temperature and salinity structure of Chukchi waters will help validate NOAA and National Weather Service sea ice forecast mod ...
Relationships between dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface
... low (<60 gC m−2 ; Grebmeier, 1993; Hansell et al., 1993). 3 The Bering Shelf Water (BSW) formed by waters from the North Pacific Current spreads on the shelf, which constitutes a more open ocean environment characterised by a salinity of approximately 32.5 in summer (Thomson, 1981; Reed and Stabeno, ...
... low (<60 gC m−2 ; Grebmeier, 1993; Hansell et al., 1993). 3 The Bering Shelf Water (BSW) formed by waters from the North Pacific Current spreads on the shelf, which constitutes a more open ocean environment characterised by a salinity of approximately 32.5 in summer (Thomson, 1981; Reed and Stabeno, ...
Introduction to “Ecological and biogeochemical interactions in the
... The deep sea, a vast, dark realm featuring distinctive organisms and serving as a massive reservoir of carbon, is the largest and least explored ecosystem on Earth (Fig. 1). At a time when the ocean is responding to anthropogenic forcings (Sabine et al., 2004; Richardson, 2008; Doney et al., 2009), ...
... The deep sea, a vast, dark realm featuring distinctive organisms and serving as a massive reservoir of carbon, is the largest and least explored ecosystem on Earth (Fig. 1). At a time when the ocean is responding to anthropogenic forcings (Sabine et al., 2004; Richardson, 2008; Doney et al., 2009), ...
Offshore geology of Pakistan and non
... dredged samples with the serpentinised and spelitic extrusive rocks of the Las BelaMuslim geanticline suggest that the two geological features have petrological and mineralogical affinity (Ophiolitic suite). The Murray Ridge is a complex structure that may be arising from the Owen fracture complex a ...
... dredged samples with the serpentinised and spelitic extrusive rocks of the Las BelaMuslim geanticline suggest that the two geological features have petrological and mineralogical affinity (Ophiolitic suite). The Murray Ridge is a complex structure that may be arising from the Owen fracture complex a ...
Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea.XVIII. A
... examination of Rawaya how many of thess deeper passages have arisen. Imagine Rawaya a t a level say ten feet lower. The greater part of the land remaining above water would then be quickly cut down to forin reef flats, the two hills remaining a s islands, the canals as lagoons and passages Letween t ...
... examination of Rawaya how many of thess deeper passages have arisen. Imagine Rawaya a t a level say ten feet lower. The greater part of the land remaining above water would then be quickly cut down to forin reef flats, the two hills remaining a s islands, the canals as lagoons and passages Letween t ...
The southern Baltic Sea - Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny
... Between 1995 and 1998, two maps in 1 : 500,000 scale were developed together with the Lithuanian Geological Institute, Geological Survey of Lithuania, Geological Survey of Sweden and the Swedish Maritime Administration: The Bathymetric Map of the Central Baltic Sea (Gelumbauskaite, 1998) and The Bot ...
... Between 1995 and 1998, two maps in 1 : 500,000 scale were developed together with the Lithuanian Geological Institute, Geological Survey of Lithuania, Geological Survey of Sweden and the Swedish Maritime Administration: The Bathymetric Map of the Central Baltic Sea (Gelumbauskaite, 1998) and The Bot ...
North Atlantic and North Sea Climate Change
... The sea-surface temperature (SST) response of the North Sea to negative and positive NAO conditions is examined. The overall temperature response for the central North Sea to NAO index forcing, re£ecting wind induced in£ow, shelf circulation and local climate forcing, is 5 months. In years with st ...
... The sea-surface temperature (SST) response of the North Sea to negative and positive NAO conditions is examined. The overall temperature response for the central North Sea to NAO index forcing, re£ecting wind induced in£ow, shelf circulation and local climate forcing, is 5 months. In years with st ...
Seasonal and Nonseasonal Variabilities of the Chu, Peter C.
... Sea/East China Sea (YES) and to investigate the climatological water mass features and the seasonal and non-seasonal variabilities of the thermohaline structure. , and use the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) from 1945 to December 1989 to investigate the linkage between the fluxes (mo ...
... Sea/East China Sea (YES) and to investigate the climatological water mass features and the seasonal and non-seasonal variabilities of the thermohaline structure. , and use the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) from 1945 to December 1989 to investigate the linkage between the fluxes (mo ...
Metagenomic 16s rRNA investigation of microbial communities in
... Changjiang estuary in China (Feng et al., 2009), with the only difference being that Betaproteobacteria are the most abundant class there, after Gammaproteobacteria. Despite low salinity in the Khadzibey estuary, it is still characterized by a more typical marine distribution (Alphaproteobacteria do ...
... Changjiang estuary in China (Feng et al., 2009), with the only difference being that Betaproteobacteria are the most abundant class there, after Gammaproteobacteria. Despite low salinity in the Khadzibey estuary, it is still characterized by a more typical marine distribution (Alphaproteobacteria do ...
Ocean Basins and Crust
... •Sort-of a big, submarine terrace with sediments. Very gently sloping 0.1 Flat like continents. •Extensive on passive margins (plates spreading apart), small/absent on active margins (plates colliding). •Much shelf was exposed during last glaciation. •Often cut by submarine canyons that debauch ont ...
... •Sort-of a big, submarine terrace with sediments. Very gently sloping 0.1 Flat like continents. •Extensive on passive margins (plates spreading apart), small/absent on active margins (plates colliding). •Much shelf was exposed during last glaciation. •Often cut by submarine canyons that debauch ont ...
Session H: Ocean Salinity
... Mass fractions of the various ions are assumed to be constant in seawater Conductivity is proportional to the total amount of ions Conductivity can be measured direct in the sea as Practical salinity Practical Salinity PSS-78 (unit less ratio) referred to a potassium chloride solution via IAPSO St ...
... Mass fractions of the various ions are assumed to be constant in seawater Conductivity is proportional to the total amount of ions Conductivity can be measured direct in the sea as Practical salinity Practical Salinity PSS-78 (unit less ratio) referred to a potassium chloride solution via IAPSO St ...
A Handlist of Source Books on the History of Oceanography Eric L
... A Handlist of Source Books on the History of Oceanography Eric L. Mills This is an updated version of a paper first published in Earth Science History 12 (1993), 2-4. The reference books and monographs following have been selected to aid teachers and beginning students of the history of oceanography ...
... A Handlist of Source Books on the History of Oceanography Eric L. Mills This is an updated version of a paper first published in Earth Science History 12 (1993), 2-4. The reference books and monographs following have been selected to aid teachers and beginning students of the history of oceanography ...
An inverse model for calculation of global volume Fan, Chenwu
... calculated similarly for the North Atlantic, tropical Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Baker (1982) examined the ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: pcchu@nps.edu (P.C. Chu). 0924-7963/$ - see front matter. Published by Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.06.010 ...
... calculated similarly for the North Atlantic, tropical Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Baker (1982) examined the ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: pcchu@nps.edu (P.C. Chu). 0924-7963/$ - see front matter. Published by Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.06.010 ...
Lesson 3
... 1. Most Earthquakes occur along ________________. 2. The first seismic waves to arrive are______________. 3. The second seismic waves to arrive are _____________. 4. The last seismic waves to arrive are_______________. 5. Which seismic waves travel the fastest?___________ 6. Which type of seismic wa ...
... 1. Most Earthquakes occur along ________________. 2. The first seismic waves to arrive are______________. 3. The second seismic waves to arrive are _____________. 4. The last seismic waves to arrive are_______________. 5. Which seismic waves travel the fastest?___________ 6. Which type of seismic wa ...
One Ocean Many Worlds of Life
... goals that will, among others, develop, encourage, enhance and implement wide-ranging integrated marine and coastal area management (IMCAM) and includes a broad suite of measures at all levels of society. At the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity ...
... goals that will, among others, develop, encourage, enhance and implement wide-ranging integrated marine and coastal area management (IMCAM) and includes a broad suite of measures at all levels of society. At the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity ...
DELIVERING INTEGRATED MARINE OBSERVATIONS
... was revised to expand its mandate to climate monitoring and detection of climate change. This was in recognition that modern meteorology, like climate monitoring, requires more than observations of the atmosphere, and that the existence of EUMETSAT as an organisation along with its infrastructure an ...
... was revised to expand its mandate to climate monitoring and detection of climate change. This was in recognition that modern meteorology, like climate monitoring, requires more than observations of the atmosphere, and that the existence of EUMETSAT as an organisation along with its infrastructure an ...
Sediments - cloudfront.net
... •Terrigenous: Sands and mud produced by weathering and erosion of rocks on land. ...
... •Terrigenous: Sands and mud produced by weathering and erosion of rocks on land. ...
Effects of surface current–wind interaction in an
... a spatially uniform wind blowing over an ocean eddy should yield significant wind stress curls and an associated vertical Ekman pumping of the order of ≈ 0.5 m d−1 in typical open-ocean conditions. Direct observations of this so-dubbed eddy–wind effect in a North Atlantic eddy by McGillicuddy et al. ...
... a spatially uniform wind blowing over an ocean eddy should yield significant wind stress curls and an associated vertical Ekman pumping of the order of ≈ 0.5 m d−1 in typical open-ocean conditions. Direct observations of this so-dubbed eddy–wind effect in a North Atlantic eddy by McGillicuddy et al. ...
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
... Several researchers have been carried out investigations on ocean wind waves. The development of wave forecasting procedures was attempted by Sverdrup and Munk (1947) from forecast winds, for beach landing during World War II. They also made an attempt to track the storms by using forerunners of the ...
... Several researchers have been carried out investigations on ocean wind waves. The development of wave forecasting procedures was attempted by Sverdrup and Munk (1947) from forecast winds, for beach landing during World War II. They also made an attempt to track the storms by using forerunners of the ...
Loggerhead Turtle - UWI St. Augustine
... ECOLOGY. The loggerhead turtle like many other sea turtles can spend a significant amount of time submerged in the ocean’s waters. They have the ability to not only rest but sleep submerged underwater for several hours (Marine Bio 2012) where their rate of reaction to a stimulus slows down considera ...
... ECOLOGY. The loggerhead turtle like many other sea turtles can spend a significant amount of time submerged in the ocean’s waters. They have the ability to not only rest but sleep submerged underwater for several hours (Marine Bio 2012) where their rate of reaction to a stimulus slows down considera ...
GEOMAR Highlights | 02
... flows around Flemish Cap and the Grand Banks on its journey to the South Atlantic. Thus the DWBC at the exit of the Labrador Sea is directly connected to the subpolar MOC and its long term variation. ...
... flows around Flemish Cap and the Grand Banks on its journey to the South Atlantic. Thus the DWBC at the exit of the Labrador Sea is directly connected to the subpolar MOC and its long term variation. ...
Sea
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. More broadly, the sea (with the definite article) is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions. The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. Although the sea has been travelled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British Challenger expedition of the 1870s. The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the IHO's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as seas.Owing to the present state of continental drift, the Northern Hemisphere is now fairly equally divided between land and sea (a ratio of about 2:3) but the South is overwhelmingly oceanic (1:4.7). Salinity in the open ocean is generally in a narrow band around 3.5% by mass, although this can vary in more landlocked waters, near the mouths of large rivers, or at great depths. About 85% of the solids in the open sea are sodium chloride. Deep-sea currents are produced by differences in salinity and temperature. Surface currents are formed by the friction of waves produced by the wind and by tides, the changes in local sea level produced by the gravity of the Moon and Sun. The direction of all of these is governed by surface and submarine land masses and by the rotation of the Earth (the Coriolis effect).Former changes in the sea levels have left continental shelves, shallow areas in the sea close to land. These nutrient-rich waters teem with life, which provide humans with substantial supplies of food—mainly fish, but also shellfish, mammals, and seaweed—which are both harvested in the wild and farmed. The most diverse areas surround great tropical coral reefs. Whaling in the deep sea was once common but whales' dwindling numbers prompted international conservation efforts and finally a moratorium on most commercial hunting. Oceanography has established that not all life is restricted to the sunlit surface waters: even under enormous depths and pressures, nutrients streaming from hydrothermal vents support their own unique ecosystem. Life may have started there and aquatic microbial mats are generally credited with the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere; both plants and animals first evolved in the sea.The sea is an essential aspect of human trade, travel, mineral extraction, and power generation. This has also made it essential to warfare and left major cities exposed to earthquakes and volcanoes from nearby faults; powerful tsunami waves; and hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones produced in the tropics. This importance and duality has affected human culture, from early sea gods to the epic poetry of Homer to the changes induced by the Columbian Exchange, from Viking funerals to Basho's haikus to hyperrealist marine art, and inspiring music ranging from the shanties in The Complaynt of Scotland to Rimsky-Korsakov's ""The Sea and Sinbad's Ship"" to A-mei's ""Listen to the Sea"". It is the scene of leisure activities including swimming, diving, surfing, and sailing. However, population growth, industrialization, and intensive farming have all contributed to present-day marine pollution. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is being absorbed in increasing amounts, lowering its pH in a process known as ocean acidification. The shared nature of the sea has made overfishing an increasing problem.