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... 2. The submucosa bridges mucous with muscle. It consists of a quaggy connected tissue and contains plexuses of large veins. Their elastic fibers attach an elastance to an environment as a whole. 3. Muscle layer{tunica muscularis} situated between the external serous and the internal mucous membranes ...
neck dissection
neck dissection

... transverse cervical, suprascapular, and anterior jugular veins are tributaries of the external jugular vein. The inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle creates the lateral boundary of the subclavian triangle. It is attached inferiorly to the superior surface of the scapula, courses anterosuperiorly, ...
Plastinated Bodies for Anatomy Lab (WBGA)
Plastinated Bodies for Anatomy Lab (WBGA)

... The body is dissected to reveal skeleton, joints and ligaments around the joints. Some deep muscles are remained to show their origins for demonstration the role of muscles during movement. Joints of Skull --Sutures: lamboid suture, coronal suture and sagittal suture. Temporomandibular Joint: The le ...
Surgical anatomy of the cervical segment of the hypoglossal nerve
Surgical anatomy of the cervical segment of the hypoglossal nerve

... HN was the most commonly injured nerve during carotid endarterectomy, with an incidence of 8.6%. Iatrogenic damage of the HN usually results from extensive retraction rather than direct section of the nerve. The area bordered superiorly by the HN, posteriorly by the digastric tendon and the posterio ...
- ScholarWorks@GVSU
- ScholarWorks@GVSU

... rami. The ramus on each side is composed of two distinct processes separated by the mandibular notch. The most anterior is the coronoid process which gives attachment to the muscles of mastication. Posteriorly, the condyloid processes project superiorly to articulate with the mandibular fossae of t ...
Introduction Review Questions Completion Questions Select the
Introduction Review Questions Completion Questions Select the

... (d) The arch of the aorta lies on its anterior and left sides in the superior mediastinum. (e) The sensory innervation of the mucous membrane lining the trachea is derived from branches of the vagi and the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Answer 1. C. The right principal bronchus is wider than the left. ...
Lingual foramina on the mandibular midline
Lingual foramina on the mandibular midline

... the dimensional characteristics between the superior and inferior genial spinal foramina and their bony canals. There were also many lateral foramina and canals located to the left and right of the mandibular midline. Tepper et al. (2001) reported that a number of lateral foramina and canals showed ...
File
File

...  Internal carotid artery (supplies the inside of the skull)  Supplies brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose and internal ear  External carotid artery (Supplies structures out side skull)  Supplies anterior(front) parts of scalp, ear, face, neck and sides of head ...
Radial Artery
Radial Artery

... into dorsal metacarpal veins, which unite to form a dorsal venous arch or network. Dorsal venous network lies on the dorsum of the hand, in the subcutanous tissue, proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints Drains into the cephalic vein laterally, and basilic vein medially ...
Branches
Branches

... The curve of arch lies across upper part of palmar at level with proximal border of extended thumb Gives rise to three palmar metacarpal arteries ...
Knee Joint
Knee Joint

... epicondyle of femur to upper part of medial surface of tibia (firmly attached to medial meniscus) and more liable to injury. 4. Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament: from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula (separated from lateral meniscus by popliteus tendon). ...
Neck dissection using the fascial planes technique - Vula
Neck dissection using the fascial planes technique - Vula

... The next step is to resect the submental and submandibular lymph nodes (Levels 1a, b). This level is at risk in patients with cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx, but is unlikely to be involved in patients with larynx, hypopharynx and thyroid cancers. The submandibular gland does not need to b ...
skull - Matthias Heyner
skull - Matthias Heyner

... 5. Inferior surface:  Styloid process / Processus styloideus (pars hyoidea): Long slender process between the petrous and tympanic parts for the attachment of muscles and ligaments.  Stylomastoid foramen (Foramen stylomastoideum): External opening of the facial canal between the styloid and mastoi ...
Suprapatellar Bursa
Suprapatellar Bursa

... flexion of the lower leg ...
Posterior Tibial Artery
Posterior Tibial Artery

... nerve near fibular head • Stays superficial and lateral in lateral compartment ...
[ PDF ] - journal of evidence based medicine and
[ PDF ] - journal of evidence based medicine and

... Microvascular bone transfers’ being more popular now, this study helps to focus towards a better approach. KEYWORDS: Clavicle, nutrient foramina, periosteal arteries, neurovascular foramina. INTRODUCTION: The clavicle (collar bone) is an unusual long bone which has many unique embryologic features. ...
PAC01 Lower Limb
PAC01 Lower Limb

... Gluteal Veins drain into the internal iliac vein. The gluteal region is a site of common injection because the muscles are thick and large, providing a large surface area for injection of the drug. However, injections into the gluteal region are only safe in the superiolateral aspect of the gluteal ...
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Institute of
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Institute of

... Cells The human body are made up of large number of cells of various kind which are so small that they can only be studies by microscopes. 1-Protoplasm: Which is colorless jelly –like substance composed of protein, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, salt and water . The cell are surround by thin membran ...
The Arteries动脉
The Arteries动脉

... 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华 ...
Skeletal System ppt.
Skeletal System ppt.

... The Vertebral Column (6-7) • Cervical region (neck) has 7 cervical vertebrae • Thoracic region has 12 thoracic vertebrae • Lumbar region has 5 lumbar vertebrae • Sacral region has 5 fused vertebrae in the ...
Tendons, Ligaments, Joints
Tendons, Ligaments, Joints

... these collagen proteins weave together to form the strong strand of flexible tissue called a tendon. Tendons grow into the bone and form a tough mineralized connection. This connection creates a permanent bond that is extremely tough to break. Despite their incredible strength, tendons can be damage ...
Alimentary system 1. Oral cavity Lips muscles: orbicularis oris, sup
Alimentary system 1. Oral cavity Lips muscles: orbicularis oris, sup

... on the left . has 3 lobar bronchii and 10 segmental. Has grooves for subclavian artery, grooves for arch of azygos vein and esophagus. Left lung: consist of superior and inferior lobe. Divided by cardiac fissure. Has 2 lobar bronchii and 8 or 10 segmental. Has cardiac impression, cardiac notch and g ...
neuroanatomy of respiratory muscles
neuroanatomy of respiratory muscles

... muscles is more distant from the ribs axis of rotation than the upper one, and as a result, contraction of this muscle exerts a larger torque acting on the lower rib which raises of the lower rib with respect to the upper one. The net effect of the contraction of these muscles raises the rib cage. • ...
Nerve activates contraction
Nerve activates contraction

... The Vertebral Column •Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location •There are 24 single vertebral bones separated by intervertebral discs •Seven cervical vertebrae are in the neck •Twelve thoracic vertebrae are in the chest region •Five lumbar vertebrae are associated with the lower bac ...
Research Article Morphological Variation of Sordellina punctata
Research Article Morphological Variation of Sordellina punctata

... subcaudals; number of supralabials; number of infralabials; number of gulars; number of temporals; number of postorbitals; condition of the cloacal plate; condition of nasal scale; presence or absence of the loreal scale; number of dorsals; number of supralabials in contact with the orbit; number of ...
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Vertebra



In the vertebrate spinal column, each vertebra is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, the proportions of which vary according to the segment of the backbone and the species of vertebrate animal.The basic configuration of a vertebra varies; the large part is the body, and the central part is the centrum. The upper and lower surfaces of the vertebra body give attachment to the intervertebral discs. The posterior part of a vertebra forms a vertebral arch, in eleven parts, consisting of two pedicles, two laminae, and seven processes. The laminae give attachment to the ligamenta flava. There are vertebral notches formed from the shape of the pedicles, which form the intervertebral foramina when the vertebrae articulate. These foramina are the entry and exit conducts for the spinal nerves. The body of the vertebra and the vertebral arch form the vertebral foramen, the larger, central opening that accommodates the spinal canal, which encloses and protects the spinal cord.Vertebrae articulate with each other to give strength and flexibility to the spinal column, and the shape at their back and front aspects determines the range of movement. Structurally, vertebrae are essentially alike across the vertebrate species, with the greatest difference seen between an aquatic animal and other vertebrate animals. As such, vertebrates take their name from the vertebrae that compose the vertebral column.
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