Increasing the Resolution of Far
... to the atomic scale depending on the imaging mode, e.g. scanning or transmission, and also on the sample. For biological applications a typical resolution of 0.1 nm is obtained(8). Atomic resolution can be achieved in a high voltage transmission electron microscope for specimens thinner than 0.1 µm. ...
... to the atomic scale depending on the imaging mode, e.g. scanning or transmission, and also on the sample. For biological applications a typical resolution of 0.1 nm is obtained(8). Atomic resolution can be achieved in a high voltage transmission electron microscope for specimens thinner than 0.1 µm. ...
Optimally designed narrowband guided
... become critical for determining whether or not a design is feasible with a set of materials. Without the effects of optical loss, GMR filters may be designed to provide ~100% reflection efficiency and vanishingly small bandwidth [15–20], but real materials often fail to be completely lossless. Optic ...
... become critical for determining whether or not a design is feasible with a set of materials. Without the effects of optical loss, GMR filters may be designed to provide ~100% reflection efficiency and vanishingly small bandwidth [15–20], but real materials often fail to be completely lossless. Optic ...
Resolution enhancement techniques in microscopy
... Because of the importance of enhanced resolution for science, technology and medicine, microscopy is widely regarded an important discovery: advances in optical microscopy correlate well with advances in our understanding of biology, and medicine [Masters 2008; 2009a; 2009b]. Schellenberg edited a b ...
... Because of the importance of enhanced resolution for science, technology and medicine, microscopy is widely regarded an important discovery: advances in optical microscopy correlate well with advances in our understanding of biology, and medicine [Masters 2008; 2009a; 2009b]. Schellenberg edited a b ...
Waves and Radiation
... 1) Place a rectangular block of glass or Perspex in the middle of a page on your book and draw around it. 2) Draw a normal line a third along one of the long sides 3) Draw a line at 20° to this normal to mark the incident ray. 4) Use a ray box and single slit to shine a ray of light along the path y ...
... 1) Place a rectangular block of glass or Perspex in the middle of a page on your book and draw around it. 2) Draw a normal line a third along one of the long sides 3) Draw a line at 20° to this normal to mark the incident ray. 4) Use a ray box and single slit to shine a ray of light along the path y ...
FIBER OPTICS
... An optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric waveguide made of low-loss materials such as silica glass. It has a central core in which the light is guided, embedded in an outer cladding of slightly lower refractive index (Fig. 8.0-l). Light rays incident on the core-cladding boundary at angles grea ...
... An optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric waveguide made of low-loss materials such as silica glass. It has a central core in which the light is guided, embedded in an outer cladding of slightly lower refractive index (Fig. 8.0-l). Light rays incident on the core-cladding boundary at angles grea ...
guide to thin section microscopy - Mineralogical Society of America
... assemblage, phase relationships, reaction textures). Thus, in many respects polarized-light microscopy has distinct advantages over bulk-analytical methods that use sample powders for phase identification (XRD) or for the analysis of chemical composition (XRF, AAS). The limitations of polarized-ligh ...
... assemblage, phase relationships, reaction textures). Thus, in many respects polarized-light microscopy has distinct advantages over bulk-analytical methods that use sample powders for phase identification (XRD) or for the analysis of chemical composition (XRF, AAS). The limitations of polarized-ligh ...
Integrated Opto-Micro uidic Lab-on-a-Chip in
... In recent years a renewed interest in micro uidics by the scienti c community has lead to an increasing amount of reaserches in this eld, thanks to the possibility of manipulating and analysing uids on the microscale, a feature with wide applications in physics and chemistry but also in the elds ...
... In recent years a renewed interest in micro uidics by the scienti c community has lead to an increasing amount of reaserches in this eld, thanks to the possibility of manipulating and analysing uids on the microscale, a feature with wide applications in physics and chemistry but also in the elds ...
Module P6.3 Optical elements: prisms, lenses and spherical mirrors
... known behaviour of light rays when reflected from mirrors or refracted at the boundary between two transparent optical media. The magnifying glass is just one application of a thin lens and the mirrors listed above are examples of spherical mirrors. An understanding of the action of these simple opt ...
... known behaviour of light rays when reflected from mirrors or refracted at the boundary between two transparent optical media. The magnifying glass is just one application of a thin lens and the mirrors listed above are examples of spherical mirrors. An understanding of the action of these simple opt ...
5 Optical Fibers
... The theoretical intrinsic loss has a minimum value of 0.185 dB/km at a wavelength close to 1550 nm. Figure 5.7 summarizes the intrinsic theoretical losses of a silica glass fiber. In addition to the intrinsic losses, the fiber has additional losses that are referred to as extrinsic. These are associ ...
... The theoretical intrinsic loss has a minimum value of 0.185 dB/km at a wavelength close to 1550 nm. Figure 5.7 summarizes the intrinsic theoretical losses of a silica glass fiber. In addition to the intrinsic losses, the fiber has additional losses that are referred to as extrinsic. These are associ ...
Ultrashort free-carrier lifetime in low-loss silicon
... enabled a number of demonstrations of devices that can operate at low powers, have small, micron-scale footprints, and can be fully integrated along with electronics in a CMOSplatform. All of these experiments are enabled by the beneficial material properties of silicon in the telecommunications ban ...
... enabled a number of demonstrations of devices that can operate at low powers, have small, micron-scale footprints, and can be fully integrated along with electronics in a CMOSplatform. All of these experiments are enabled by the beneficial material properties of silicon in the telecommunications ban ...
Waveinduced light field fluctuations in measured irradiance depth
... where K (m) is the wavelength, f is the temporal frequency (Hz or s21), and g is the gravitational acceleration (m s22). The water below the sea surface is initially assumed purely transparent to light, i.e., no absorption and scattering, and is infinitely deep. At time t 5 0, there is direct illumin ...
... where K (m) is the wavelength, f is the temporal frequency (Hz or s21), and g is the gravitational acceleration (m s22). The water below the sea surface is initially assumed purely transparent to light, i.e., no absorption and scattering, and is infinitely deep. At time t 5 0, there is direct illumin ...
Production and Deposition of Copper Clusters Using Magnetron
... a description of the interaction between clusters and a surface. This interaction is governed primarily by the kinetic energy of the cluster per constituent atom. The two main regimes are soft and hard landing which are distinguished by whether the kinetic energy is above the binding energy of the c ...
... a description of the interaction between clusters and a surface. This interaction is governed primarily by the kinetic energy of the cluster per constituent atom. The two main regimes are soft and hard landing which are distinguished by whether the kinetic energy is above the binding energy of the c ...
1.5 MB
... field can be considered as two incident wave copies being inclined at small angles. The angle depends on the Wollaston prism angle and the birefringence of the prism’s material. These two beams interfere with each other after the analyzer, thus the resulting intensity distribution contains two forks ...
... field can be considered as two incident wave copies being inclined at small angles. The angle depends on the Wollaston prism angle and the birefringence of the prism’s material. These two beams interfere with each other after the analyzer, thus the resulting intensity distribution contains two forks ...
Optical fluctuations on the transmission and reflection of mesoscopic
... is introduced along with useful concepts such as the optical theorem. The difference between multiple scattering on the amplitude level and on the intensity level is explained. It is shown that diffusion of light is derived on the intensity level. The diffusion constant and speed of propagation are der ...
... is introduced along with useful concepts such as the optical theorem. The difference between multiple scattering on the amplitude level and on the intensity level is explained. It is shown that diffusion of light is derived on the intensity level. The diffusion constant and speed of propagation are der ...
Making Waves - Science News
... the width of a proton), so detecting them required both a very strong source (massive colliding black holes) and a very large and very sensitive detector (which was not possible until recently). The detection also creates a new field of astronomy through which scientists can understand the universe. ...
... the width of a proton), so detecting them required both a very strong source (massive colliding black holes) and a very large and very sensitive detector (which was not possible until recently). The detection also creates a new field of astronomy through which scientists can understand the universe. ...
optical properties of skin, subcutaneous, and muscle tissues
... have high total attenuation coe±cients in the visible and NIR spectral range. Therefore, the collimated transmittance measurement for such samples (e.g., the undiluted blood layer with a moderate thickness 0:1 mm is a technically di±cult task.56 To solve this problem, a powerful light source combi ...
... have high total attenuation coe±cients in the visible and NIR spectral range. Therefore, the collimated transmittance measurement for such samples (e.g., the undiluted blood layer with a moderate thickness 0:1 mm is a technically di±cult task.56 To solve this problem, a powerful light source combi ...
Fluctuations in Quantum Degenerate Fermi Gases
... state. A localized atom counting in repeated absorption images was performed to obtain the number statistics. In this regard this experiment was paradigmatic for a new generation of cold atoms experiments that can now provide single-site resolved imaging of atoms in optical lattices allowing high fid ...
... state. A localized atom counting in repeated absorption images was performed to obtain the number statistics. In this regard this experiment was paradigmatic for a new generation of cold atoms experiments that can now provide single-site resolved imaging of atoms in optical lattices allowing high fid ...
Coatings - CVI Laser Optics
... The vast majority of optical components are made of various types of glass, and most are coated with thin layers of special materials. The purpose of these coatings is to modify the reflection and transmission properties of the components’ surfaces. Whenever light passes from one medium into a mediu ...
... The vast majority of optical components are made of various types of glass, and most are coated with thin layers of special materials. The purpose of these coatings is to modify the reflection and transmission properties of the components’ surfaces. Whenever light passes from one medium into a mediu ...
sensors Chemical Sensing Using Fiber Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
... volumes of tens to hundreds of milliliters. Measurements on liquid samples require either filling the entire cavity with liquid [7,8] or placing the sample into a part of the optical cavity, e.g., contained by a cuvette [9-12], or in a free flowing liquid sheet [13,14]. In the latter experiments the ...
... volumes of tens to hundreds of milliliters. Measurements on liquid samples require either filling the entire cavity with liquid [7,8] or placing the sample into a part of the optical cavity, e.g., contained by a cuvette [9-12], or in a free flowing liquid sheet [13,14]. In the latter experiments the ...
DFB Quantum Cascade Laser Arrays The Harvard community has
... reasons, for chemical sensing and analysis. Many gas- and liquid-phase chemicals have characteristic absorption features in this region that can be used to identify them. Applications of QCLs in chemical sensing include, but are not limited to, medical diagnostics, such as breath analysis, pollution ...
... reasons, for chemical sensing and analysis. Many gas- and liquid-phase chemicals have characteristic absorption features in this region that can be used to identify them. Applications of QCLs in chemical sensing include, but are not limited to, medical diagnostics, such as breath analysis, pollution ...
Fiber optic devices and systems
... The properties of optical fiber required for diagnostic applications are very different from those for telecommunication. For latter applications, the fiber has to transmit information over a very long distance and to transmit as much information as possible. To satisfy these requirements, the fiber ...
... The properties of optical fiber required for diagnostic applications are very different from those for telecommunication. For latter applications, the fiber has to transmit information over a very long distance and to transmit as much information as possible. To satisfy these requirements, the fiber ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.