... fluctuates. The fluctuations originate from the energy conversion of solar energy. The solar power heats the atmosphere irregular, different cells in the atmosphere exhibit different temperatures and in the atmosphere appear turbulences. This reflects as variations in the index of refraction of the ...
Gradient Index Optics at DARPA - Institute for Defense Analyses
... The ancients observed the interaction between light and matter and theorized about the nature of light. The properties of light discovered though their observations were used to explain phenomena and design instruments to control light. In the fifth century B.C., Chinese scholars had discovered that ...
... The ancients observed the interaction between light and matter and theorized about the nature of light. The properties of light discovered though their observations were used to explain phenomena and design instruments to control light. In the fifth century B.C., Chinese scholars had discovered that ...
Nanomechanical Motion Transducers for Miniaturized
... actuation would not generate sufficient force above 10 MHz for a structure like this. It is straightforward to actuate NEMS photothermally using free-space optics, but the technique could also be implemented within an integrated optical chip. Using a tightly focused light beam results in high spatia ...
... actuation would not generate sufficient force above 10 MHz for a structure like this. It is straightforward to actuate NEMS photothermally using free-space optics, but the technique could also be implemented within an integrated optical chip. Using a tightly focused light beam results in high spatia ...
Nanomechanical Motion Transducers for Miniaturized
... actuation would not generate sufficient force above 10 MHz for a structure like this. It is straightforward to actuate NEMS photothermally using free-space optics, but the technique could also be implemented within an integrated optical chip. Using a tightly focused light beam results in high spatia ...
... actuation would not generate sufficient force above 10 MHz for a structure like this. It is straightforward to actuate NEMS photothermally using free-space optics, but the technique could also be implemented within an integrated optical chip. Using a tightly focused light beam results in high spatia ...
MPE Tutorial Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy 5100 Patrick Henry Drive
... Although two-photon fluorescence using a cw laser is possible, excitation by a Gaussian pulse with a pulsewidth (τ) of 200 fsec (1.0 fs = 1.0x10-15 sec) and a pulse frequency (f) of 80 MHz increases the two-photon absorption rate by a factor of 0.56 (1/τf), or 35,000! Using this relationship, it fol ...
... Although two-photon fluorescence using a cw laser is possible, excitation by a Gaussian pulse with a pulsewidth (τ) of 200 fsec (1.0 fs = 1.0x10-15 sec) and a pulse frequency (f) of 80 MHz increases the two-photon absorption rate by a factor of 0.56 (1/τf), or 35,000! Using this relationship, it fol ...
full text pdf
... splitting capability gradually increases with the decrease of wavelength. The bandwidth is up to the 400 nm. In the nine−core fibre, d2 is the crucial parameter and it affects the coupling characteristics. Next, we analyse the effect of the d2 on the properties of the wavelength selective couplers. ...
... splitting capability gradually increases with the decrease of wavelength. The bandwidth is up to the 400 nm. In the nine−core fibre, d2 is the crucial parameter and it affects the coupling characteristics. Next, we analyse the effect of the d2 on the properties of the wavelength selective couplers. ...
Chapter 30 . Optical Testing
... centers, and assigning fringe order numbers to them. The optical path difference (OPD) at the center of any fringe is a multiple m of the wavelength l (OPD 5 ml ), where m is the fringe order. To obtain the wavefront deformation, only the relative values of the fringe order are important. So any val ...
... centers, and assigning fringe order numbers to them. The optical path difference (OPD) at the center of any fringe is a multiple m of the wavelength l (OPD 5 ml ), where m is the fringe order. To obtain the wavefront deformation, only the relative values of the fringe order are important. So any val ...
Measurement and correction of aberrations in light and electron
... To many people the brain is the most fascinating organ of the human body, and much of its function still escapes our understanding. Since fundamental advances in understanding are often brought about by the availability of new techniques, our aim is not only to study the brain, but also improve upon ...
... To many people the brain is the most fascinating organ of the human body, and much of its function still escapes our understanding. Since fundamental advances in understanding are often brought about by the availability of new techniques, our aim is not only to study the brain, but also improve upon ...
Refractive-Index-Matched Indium--Tin
... nITO ¼ 1:5 is necessary. Even though the refractive index is one of the unchangeable material characteristic properties, a recently developed nano-structured deposition technique showed that the refractive index can be varied by controlling the porosity of the material.6,7) Using this technique, ref ...
... nITO ¼ 1:5 is necessary. Even though the refractive index is one of the unchangeable material characteristic properties, a recently developed nano-structured deposition technique showed that the refractive index can be varied by controlling the porosity of the material.6,7) Using this technique, ref ...
Graphene nano-ribbon waveguides
... silica layer on a silicon wafer, as shown in Fig. 3a. hSiO2 is the height of the SiO2 layer, and hSi is the height of the Si layer. For this structure, we choose w=20 nm, hSi =20 nm, εsi= 11.9, and εSiO2= 2.09. If there is no SiO2, the effective index is neff= 466.3+4.7i. Accordingly, the guided wav ...
... silica layer on a silicon wafer, as shown in Fig. 3a. hSiO2 is the height of the SiO2 layer, and hSi is the height of the Si layer. For this structure, we choose w=20 nm, hSi =20 nm, εsi= 11.9, and εSiO2= 2.09. If there is no SiO2, the effective index is neff= 466.3+4.7i. Accordingly, the guided wav ...
Acousto-Optic Devices and Applications
... periodic modulation of the index of refraction via the elasto-optical effect. This provides a moving phase grating which may diffract portions of an incident light into one or more directions. This phenomenon, known as the acousto-optic (AO) diffraction, has led to a variety of optical devices that ...
... periodic modulation of the index of refraction via the elasto-optical effect. This provides a moving phase grating which may diffract portions of an incident light into one or more directions. This phenomenon, known as the acousto-optic (AO) diffraction, has led to a variety of optical devices that ...
QUANTITIES, TERMINOLOGY, AND SYMBOLS IN
... Specific angle at which the light (or sound) waves scattered from various spatial positions of material interfere constructively (in phase). At this angle, the scattered signal field becomes quite intense for the thick grating. Bragg scattering See thick grating. cluster grating Spatially sinusoidal ...
... Specific angle at which the light (or sound) waves scattered from various spatial positions of material interfere constructively (in phase). At this angle, the scattered signal field becomes quite intense for the thick grating. Bragg scattering See thick grating. cluster grating Spatially sinusoidal ...
Second Harmonic Generation in Photonic Crystals UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA TESIS DOCTORAL
... In 1987, it was proposed by Yablonovitch [Yab87] and independently by John [John87] that periodic arrangements of dielectric material conveniently designed could be used to control the propagation and radiation properties of light, creating a range of forbidden frequencies, called photonic band gaps ...
... In 1987, it was proposed by Yablonovitch [Yab87] and independently by John [John87] that periodic arrangements of dielectric material conveniently designed could be used to control the propagation and radiation properties of light, creating a range of forbidden frequencies, called photonic band gaps ...
Radiative Transfer Theory - UCL Department of Geography
... of radiation through an elemental volume in the same way as the scalar form. Vectors are used to express polarisation coupling, as noted above. Depolarisation of incident horizontal and vertically polarised waves is an important part of the remote sensing signal. For a linearly polarised wave, the c ...
... of radiation through an elemental volume in the same way as the scalar form. Vectors are used to express polarisation coupling, as noted above. Depolarisation of incident horizontal and vertically polarised waves is an important part of the remote sensing signal. For a linearly polarised wave, the c ...
![Interference and Interferometry [Pedrotti^3 Ch. 7 & Ch. 8]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/007928149_1-59852af3eb07643d4bb123ff6997ed1c-300x300.png)
Interference and Interferometry [Pedrotti^3 Ch. 7 & Ch. 8]
... Figure 4: The time-averaged intensity (blue) detected at the output of an interferometer plotted as a function of delay τ for the example waves in Figures 2 and 3. As the delay is changed by half a period, the interference switches between constructive and destructive. The black lines indicate the ...
... Figure 4: The time-averaged intensity (blue) detected at the output of an interferometer plotted as a function of delay τ for the example waves in Figures 2 and 3. As the delay is changed by half a period, the interference switches between constructive and destructive. The black lines indicate the ...
Selective plane illumination microscopy techniques in
... SPIM, generally called light-sheet microscopy methods, are becoming increasingly popular because they achieve excellent resolution at high penetration depths (see Glossary in Box 1) while being minimally invasive at the same time (e.g. Huisken et al., 2004; Verveer et al., 2007). In this review, we ...
... SPIM, generally called light-sheet microscopy methods, are becoming increasingly popular because they achieve excellent resolution at high penetration depths (see Glossary in Box 1) while being minimally invasive at the same time (e.g. Huisken et al., 2004; Verveer et al., 2007). In this review, we ...
Green's function formulation for third-harmonic generation microscopy
... With the Green’s function model we are able to investigate THG from interfaces of different orientations. Figure 4 shows that THG signals can arise from an interface perpendicular or parallel to the optical axis. Interestingly, the THG signal is dependent on the polarization direction of the excitat ...
... With the Green’s function model we are able to investigate THG from interfaces of different orientations. Figure 4 shows that THG signals can arise from an interface perpendicular or parallel to the optical axis. Interestingly, the THG signal is dependent on the polarization direction of the excitat ...
Light propagates in the form of waves
... Thus, the electromagnetic theory of light encompasses wave optics, which in turn, encompasses ray optics. Ray optics and wave optics provide approximate models of light which derive their validity from their successes in producing results that approximate those based on rigorous electromagnetic theo ...
... Thus, the electromagnetic theory of light encompasses wave optics, which in turn, encompasses ray optics. Ray optics and wave optics provide approximate models of light which derive their validity from their successes in producing results that approximate those based on rigorous electromagnetic theo ...
Optical interference component irradiances."
... 1) Silvered surface of beam-splitter (BS) is towards right side (back side). 2) Beam which is reflected by M2 passes through glass of BS three times. 3) Beam which is reflected by M1 passes through glass of BS once. We need to insert “compensator plate” C in arm OM1. Exact Duplicate of BS without th ...
... 1) Silvered surface of beam-splitter (BS) is towards right side (back side). 2) Beam which is reflected by M2 passes through glass of BS three times. 3) Beam which is reflected by M1 passes through glass of BS once. We need to insert “compensator plate” C in arm OM1. Exact Duplicate of BS without th ...
Quantitative Phase Imaging
... Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an emerging field aimed at studying weakly scattering and absorbing specimens (Popescu, 2011). The main challenge in generating intrinsic contrast from optically thin specimens including live cells is that, generally, they do not absorb or scatter light significan ...
... Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an emerging field aimed at studying weakly scattering and absorbing specimens (Popescu, 2011). The main challenge in generating intrinsic contrast from optically thin specimens including live cells is that, generally, they do not absorb or scatter light significan ...
Liquid-crystal photonic applications
... The liquid crystalline phase can be formed by different types of organic molecules. Anisotropy in either shape or solubility of the molecules is required. A balanced interaction between the molecules is the key to obtain a liquid crystalline behavior. In thermotropic liquid crystals, this interactio ...
... The liquid crystalline phase can be formed by different types of organic molecules. Anisotropy in either shape or solubility of the molecules is required. A balanced interaction between the molecules is the key to obtain a liquid crystalline behavior. In thermotropic liquid crystals, this interactio ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.