Web Course - Latest
... Polarization experiments prove that light behaves like a transverse wave in which electric and magnetic fields (that is why it is called an electromagnetic wave) are perpendicular to each other and produce each other. It is extremely important to understand that in the polarization process you will ...
... Polarization experiments prove that light behaves like a transverse wave in which electric and magnetic fields (that is why it is called an electromagnetic wave) are perpendicular to each other and produce each other. It is extremely important to understand that in the polarization process you will ...
EM Radiation Basics - Millersville Meteorology
... ο Monochromatic intensity - (Iλ: W m−2 µm−1 sr−1) ο Total intensity (I: W m−2 sr−1) ...
... ο Monochromatic intensity - (Iλ: W m−2 µm−1 sr−1) ο Total intensity (I: W m−2 sr−1) ...
chapter3_finalv
... blessed him and will make him fruitful and will multiply him exceedingly. Twelve princes will he beget, and I will make him a great nation.” (Genesis 17:19 ~ 20) ...
... blessed him and will make him fruitful and will multiply him exceedingly. Twelve princes will he beget, and I will make him a great nation.” (Genesis 17:19 ~ 20) ...
Propagation of obstructed Bessel and Bessel–Gauss
... propagate without diverging significantly and depends on the beam width at the waist, ω0, and the wavelength of the beam, λ. These “pseudo non–diffracting” beams maintain the properties associated with ideal Bessel beams, but only over a finite distance. In particular, they satisfy that the beam be ...
... propagate without diverging significantly and depends on the beam width at the waist, ω0, and the wavelength of the beam, λ. These “pseudo non–diffracting” beams maintain the properties associated with ideal Bessel beams, but only over a finite distance. In particular, they satisfy that the beam be ...
The microstructure of geopolymers synthesized from industrial wastes
... cement, the CO2 released from the world’s cement kilns could also be significantly reduced. The benefits are thus social, environmental and, not least, financial. The microstructure of such systems has been even less well examined, hindered in part by differences in nomenclature. Some researchers fa ...
... cement, the CO2 released from the world’s cement kilns could also be significantly reduced. The benefits are thus social, environmental and, not least, financial. The microstructure of such systems has been even less well examined, hindered in part by differences in nomenclature. Some researchers fa ...
Far-Field Optical Superlens
... object, we use a pair of line objects of 50 nm width with a 70 nm gap (Figure 4a). This line pair object has a broad Fourier spectrum within the limit where silver FSL operates (SOM). As expected, optical imaging through a conventional optical microscope cannot resolve the line pairs due to the diff ...
... object, we use a pair of line objects of 50 nm width with a 70 nm gap (Figure 4a). This line pair object has a broad Fourier spectrum within the limit where silver FSL operates (SOM). As expected, optical imaging through a conventional optical microscope cannot resolve the line pairs due to the diff ...
Note
... “Every point on a primary wave front serves as the source of spherical secondary wavelets. The wavelets advance with speed and frequency equal to those of the primary wave. The primary front at some later time is the envelope of the wavelets.” a. Wave front A wave is a disturbance that propagates fr ...
... “Every point on a primary wave front serves as the source of spherical secondary wavelets. The wavelets advance with speed and frequency equal to those of the primary wave. The primary front at some later time is the envelope of the wavelets.” a. Wave front A wave is a disturbance that propagates fr ...
Waves 2006 11 04
... where a is a unit vector in the direction of the displacement, and f is the profile of the displacement. Insert this expression into the equation of motion, and we obtain that Cijkl sl s j ak c 2ai . Consequently, the wave velocity is determined by an eigenvalue of the matrix Cijkl nl n j . Becau ...
... where a is a unit vector in the direction of the displacement, and f is the profile of the displacement. Insert this expression into the equation of motion, and we obtain that Cijkl sl s j ak c 2ai . Consequently, the wave velocity is determined by an eigenvalue of the matrix Cijkl nl n j . Becau ...
Chapter 3. EM-wave Propagation Above the Terrain
... In the literature which describes wave propagation aspects, they are usually called the TE-wave (transverse electric) and the TM-wave (transverse magnetic), or waves with vertical and horizontal polarization, respectively. We will derive the reflection and refraction coefficients for the case of an ...
... In the literature which describes wave propagation aspects, they are usually called the TE-wave (transverse electric) and the TM-wave (transverse magnetic), or waves with vertical and horizontal polarization, respectively. We will derive the reflection and refraction coefficients for the case of an ...
DESIGN OF THE QUESTION PAPER
... Three students X, Y, and Z performed an experiment for studying the variation of alternating currents with angular frequency in a series LCR circuit and obtained the graphs shown below. They all used a.c. sources of the same r. m. s. value and inductances of the same value. What can we (qualitativel ...
... Three students X, Y, and Z performed an experiment for studying the variation of alternating currents with angular frequency in a series LCR circuit and obtained the graphs shown below. They all used a.c. sources of the same r. m. s. value and inductances of the same value. What can we (qualitativel ...
Single Dish Radio Telescopes - NCRA-TIFR
... Any monochromatic wave can be decomposed into the sum of two orthogonal polarizations. What we did above was to decompose a circularly polarized wave into the sum of two linearly polarized components. One could also decompose a linearly polarized wave into the sum of LCP and RCP waves, with the same ...
... Any monochromatic wave can be decomposed into the sum of two orthogonal polarizations. What we did above was to decompose a circularly polarized wave into the sum of two linearly polarized components. One could also decompose a linearly polarized wave into the sum of LCP and RCP waves, with the same ...
Chapter 8.pmd
... displacement current and its consequences. Then we present a descriptive account of electromagnetic waves. The broad spectrum of electromagnetic waves, stretching from γ rays (wavelength ~10–12 m) to long radio waves (wavelength ~106 m) is described. How the electromagnetic waves are sent and receiv ...
... displacement current and its consequences. Then we present a descriptive account of electromagnetic waves. The broad spectrum of electromagnetic waves, stretching from γ rays (wavelength ~10–12 m) to long radio waves (wavelength ~106 m) is described. How the electromagnetic waves are sent and receiv ...
Optics of Gaussian Beams
... of narrow beams – called Gaussian beams. These beams of light have a characteristic radial intensity profile whose width varies along the beam. Because these Gaussian beams behave somewhat like spherical waves, we can match them to the curvature of the mirror of an optical resonator to find exactly ...
... of narrow beams – called Gaussian beams. These beams of light have a characteristic radial intensity profile whose width varies along the beam. Because these Gaussian beams behave somewhat like spherical waves, we can match them to the curvature of the mirror of an optical resonator to find exactly ...
Constant Gradient Structure
... independent of the radial position for all synchronized particles. • Each mode with specific eigenfrequency has unique group velocity for all space harmonics. The total field pattern or distribution is decided by the coefficients of those components – decided by the cell profiles like iris size, dis ...
... independent of the radial position for all synchronized particles. • Each mode with specific eigenfrequency has unique group velocity for all space harmonics. The total field pattern or distribution is decided by the coefficients of those components – decided by the cell profiles like iris size, dis ...
Flatland optics - Weizmann Institute of Science
... opposition. Eventually, he was convicted to lifelong imprisonment. Fortunately for us, he had the opportunity to write his autobiography and to smuggle it out of the prison so that every reader of his memoirs may now ponder his own dimensionality. Now to proper optics: Recently we noticed a conceptu ...
... opposition. Eventually, he was convicted to lifelong imprisonment. Fortunately for us, he had the opportunity to write his autobiography and to smuggle it out of the prison so that every reader of his memoirs may now ponder his own dimensionality. Now to proper optics: Recently we noticed a conceptu ...
HOLOGRAPHY, 1948-1971
... which as good as nothing remains of the disturbance caused by the second image, can be obtained with a lens so bad that its definition is at least 10 times worse than the resolution which one wants to obtain. Such a very bad lens was obtained using a microscope objective the wrong way round, and usi ...
... which as good as nothing remains of the disturbance caused by the second image, can be obtained with a lens so bad that its definition is at least 10 times worse than the resolution which one wants to obtain. Such a very bad lens was obtained using a microscope objective the wrong way round, and usi ...
5CCP2000: 2nd Year Practical Physics 2014/2015
... for the Laboratory class. Each weekly write-up should be no longer than 10 written pages (graphs are not included, these have no limit). In assessing the experiment record, marks will be awarded for each of the following categories. Some indication of the points the markers will bear in mind is also ...
... for the Laboratory class. Each weekly write-up should be no longer than 10 written pages (graphs are not included, these have no limit). In assessing the experiment record, marks will be awarded for each of the following categories. Some indication of the points the markers will bear in mind is also ...
Diffraction
Diffraction refers to various phenomena which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit. In classical physics, the diffraction phenomenon is described as the interference of waves according to the Huygens–Fresnel principle. These characteristic behaviors are exhibited when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit that is comparable in size to its wavelength. Similar effects occur when a light wave travels through a medium with a varying refractive index, or when a sound wave travels through a medium with varying acoustic impedance. Diffraction occurs with all waves, including sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves such as visible light, X-rays and radio waves.Since physical objects have wave-like properties (at the atomic level), diffraction also occurs with matter and can be studied according to the principles of quantum mechanics. Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word ""diffraction"" and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660.While diffraction occurs whenever propagating waves encounter such changes, its effects are generally most pronounced for waves whose wavelength is roughly comparable to the dimensions of the diffracting object or slit. If the obstructing object provides multiple, closely spaced openings, a complex pattern of varying intensity can result. This is due to the addition, or interference, of different parts of a wave that travels to the observer by different paths, where different path lengths result in different phases (see diffraction grating and wave superposition). The formalism of diffraction can also describe the way in which waves of finite extent propagate in free space. For example, the expanding profile of a laser beam, the beam shape of a radar antenna and the field of view of an ultrasonic transducer can all be analyzed using diffraction equations.