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reverse bias voltage
reverse bias voltage

Control Strategy of Single-Phase Three Level Neutral Point
Control Strategy of Single-Phase Three Level Neutral Point

kcs problem and solution for microelectronic circuit
kcs problem and solution for microelectronic circuit

Automotive Stepper Driver A4992
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... Timer Pin. An external capacitor, CTIMER, sets a 270 ms/μF initial timing cycle delay and a 21.7 ms/μF fault delay. The GATE pin turns off when the TIMER pin is pulled beyond the upper threshold. An overvoltage detection with an external Zener can be used to force this pin high. I2C Clock Pin. Open- ...
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...  I2C-bus to parallel port expander  Operating power supply voltage range of 1.65 V to 5.5 V  Low standby current consumption:  1.5 A (typical at 5 V VDD)  1.0 A (typical at 3.3 V VDD)  Schmitt-trigger action allows slow input transition and better switching noise immunity at the SCL and SDA ...
Development of Models for Optical Instrument Transformers by
Development of Models for Optical Instrument Transformers by

... Optical Instrument Transformers (OIT) have been developed as an alternative to traditional instrument transformers (IT). The question "Can optical instrument transformers substitute for the traditional transformers?" is the main motivation of this study. Finding the answer for this question and deve ...
CIS009-2, Mechatronics Sensors & Signal Conditioning David Goodwin 29
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... monitors microprocessor activity. A timer circuit is cleared with every low-to-high or high-to-low logic transition on the watchdog input pin (WDI), which detects pulses as short as 50 ns. If the timer counts through the preset watchdog timeout period (tWD), RESET is asserted. The microprocessor is ...
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... To prevent the amplifier from producing switch-on and switch-off pop noise, the capacitor on the SVR pin is used for smooth start-up and shut-down sequences. Larger capacitors will lead to longer (smoother) start-up and shut-down sequences. Initially the amplifier outputs are charged to Half Supply ...
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PCAL9554B; PCAL9554C 1. General description Low-voltage 8-bit I

... (GPIO) expanders with interrupt and weak pull-up for I2C-bus/SMBus applications. The only difference between the PCAL9554B and PCAL9554C is their I2C-bus fixed address, allowing a larger number of the same device on the I2C-bus with no chance of address conflicts. NXP I/O expanders provide a simple ...
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... A combination of capacitor and resistor can absorb pulse noise effectively. The following is an example of a noise absorption circuit with capacitor C and resistor R connected to an SSR incorporating a photocoupler. Pulse width ...
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... with a 30 W resistor so they show equal logic voltage levels, to within 100 mV. When connected in an I2C system an SX/SY input pin cannot rise/fall until the buffered bus load at the output pin has been driven by the internal amplifier. This test measures the bus propagation delay caused to falling ...
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No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... In a bipolar transistor in the forward-active region, minority carriers entering the collector-base depletion region are being accelerated to the collector. The time of arrival is a random process process, thus IC shows full shot noise. The base current IB is due to recombination in the base and bas ...
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... particular voltage and current input range (effective measurement range). Eliminating unnecessary ranges has made it possible to achieve optimal range setting that is faster than Yokogawa’s previous model*. This allows more quicker tracking of signal changes. If the peak goes over the limit, you can ...
Average Current Mode Control of Switching Power Supplies
Average Current Mode Control of Switching Power Supplies

... In high power factor boost preregulators the peak/avg error is very serious because it causes distortion of the input current waveform. While the peak current follows the desired sine wave current program, the average current does not. The peak/avg error becomes much worse at lower current levels, e ...
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Transistor–transistor logic



Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) is a class of digital circuits built from bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and resistors. It is called transistor–transistor logic because both the logic gating function (e.g., AND) and the amplifying function are performed by transistors (contrast with RTL and DTL).TTL is notable for being a widespread integrated circuit (IC) family used in many applications such as computers, industrial controls, test equipment and instrumentation, consumer electronics, synthesizers, etc. The designation TTL is sometimes used to mean TTL-compatible logic levels, even when not associated directly with TTL integrated circuits, for example as a label on the inputs and outputs of electronic instruments.After their introduction in integrated circuit form in 1963 by Sylvania, TTL integrated circuits were manufactured by several semiconductor companies, with the 7400 series (also called 74xx) by Texas Instruments becoming particularly popular. TTL manufacturers offered a wide range of logic gate, flip-flops, counters, and other circuits. Several variations from the original bipolar TTL concept were developed, giving circuits with higher speed or lower power dissipation to allow optimization of a design. TTL circuits simplified design of systems compared to earlier logic families, offering superior speed to resistor–transistor logic (RTL) and easier design layout than emitter-coupled logic (ECL). The design of the input and outputs of TTL gates allowed many elements to be interconnected.TTL became the foundation of computers and other digital electronics. Even after much larger scale integrated circuits made multiple-circuit-board processors obsolete, TTL devices still found extensive use as the ""glue"" logic interfacing more densely integrated components. TTL devices were originally made in ceramic and plastic dual-in-line (DIP) packages, and flat-pack form. TTL chips are now also made in surface-mount packages. Successors to the original bipolar TTL logic often are interchangeable in function with the original circuits, but with improved speed or lower power dissipation.
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