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Chapter 4 Exercises and Answers
Chapter 4 Exercises and Answers

... Commutative: The commutative property says that binary operations AND and OR may be applied left to right or right to left. (A AND B is the same as B AND A; A OR B is the same as B OR A) Associative: The associative property says that given three Boolean variables, they may be ANDed or ORed right to ...
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... G7A - Power supplies; transmitters and receivers; filters; schematic symbols G7A01 What safety feature does a power-supply bleeder resistor provide? It discharges the filter capacitors G7A02 What components are used in a power-supply filter network? Capacitors and inductors G7A03 What should be the ...
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... The advantage of this circuit is that the dc differential accuracy depends on the AD629 difference amplifier and AD8421 instrumentation amplifier, not on the op amp or the external 10 kΩ resistors. In addition, this circuit takes advantage of the precise control that the in-amp has of its output vol ...
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... You are given the circuit drawn below. It is fabricated in a CMOS process for which nCOX = 2pCOX = 200 A/V2, V’An = |V’Ap| = 20 V/m, Vtn = -Vtp = 0.5 volt and VDD = 2.5 volts. The two transitor types have L = 0.5 m and are to be operated at |VOV | = 0.3 volt. Find the required gate node voltage ...
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... output channel with a pull-up or pull-down resistor, you should select a resistor value so that the “on current” is at least five times higher than the leakage current. For example, if you are using the pulse output to switch a 5V signal, you should use a pull-up resistor of one mega-ohm or smaller ...
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Transistor–transistor logic



Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) is a class of digital circuits built from bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and resistors. It is called transistor–transistor logic because both the logic gating function (e.g., AND) and the amplifying function are performed by transistors (contrast with RTL and DTL).TTL is notable for being a widespread integrated circuit (IC) family used in many applications such as computers, industrial controls, test equipment and instrumentation, consumer electronics, synthesizers, etc. The designation TTL is sometimes used to mean TTL-compatible logic levels, even when not associated directly with TTL integrated circuits, for example as a label on the inputs and outputs of electronic instruments.After their introduction in integrated circuit form in 1963 by Sylvania, TTL integrated circuits were manufactured by several semiconductor companies, with the 7400 series (also called 74xx) by Texas Instruments becoming particularly popular. TTL manufacturers offered a wide range of logic gate, flip-flops, counters, and other circuits. Several variations from the original bipolar TTL concept were developed, giving circuits with higher speed or lower power dissipation to allow optimization of a design. TTL circuits simplified design of systems compared to earlier logic families, offering superior speed to resistor–transistor logic (RTL) and easier design layout than emitter-coupled logic (ECL). The design of the input and outputs of TTL gates allowed many elements to be interconnected.TTL became the foundation of computers and other digital electronics. Even after much larger scale integrated circuits made multiple-circuit-board processors obsolete, TTL devices still found extensive use as the ""glue"" logic interfacing more densely integrated components. TTL devices were originally made in ceramic and plastic dual-in-line (DIP) packages, and flat-pack form. TTL chips are now also made in surface-mount packages. Successors to the original bipolar TTL logic often are interchangeable in function with the original circuits, but with improved speed or lower power dissipation.
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