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Solutions to Questions and Problems
Solutions to Questions and Problems

... 12. This is really a capital structure decision. If the firm has an optimal capital structure, paying off debt moves it to an under-leveraged position. However, a combination of debt reduction and stock buybacks could be structured to leave capital structure unchanged. 13. It is unethical because yo ...
The 1/N investment strategy is optimal under high
The 1/N investment strategy is optimal under high

... error, and more recent approaches based on the investors beliefs about several competing asset pricing models. Furthermore, the authors include approaches that try to minimize the influence of estimation errors by restricting the asset weights or entirely focussing on the risk minimal portfolio (ign ...
K - Binus Repository
K - Binus Repository

... Valuation of Preferred Stock • Owner of preferred stock receives a promise to pay a stated dividend, usually quarterly, for perpetuity • Since payments are only made after the firm meets its bond interest payments, there is more uncertainty of returns • Tax treatment of dividends paid to corporatio ...
Portfolio agency name - Department of Health
Portfolio agency name - Department of Health

... Purpose of the Health and Ageing Portfolio Budget Statements The purpose of the 2010-11 Health and Ageing Portfolio Budget Statements (PB Statements) is to inform Senators and Members of Parliament of the proposed allocation of resources to Government outcomes by agencies within the portfolio. Agenc ...
F. Peter Boer[*] - Tiger Scientific Inc
F. Peter Boer[*] - Tiger Scientific Inc

... expenditures with the time frames in which cash flow will be realized (a sound accounting principle), and reducing the incentives for slashing R&D to shore up shortterm reported earnings. Nevertheless, with this methodology, the value of the firm’s R&D assets would be calculated from its historical ...
Chapter 1
Chapter 1

...  The risk-free rate represents compensation for just waiting. So, it is often called the time value of money.  If we are willing to bear risk, then we can expect to earn a risk premium, at least on average.  Further, the more risk we are willing to bear, the greater is that risk premium. McGraw H ...
DIRECTIVE - Financial Services Board
DIRECTIVE - Financial Services Board

... “group undertaking” in relation to an insurer, means a juristic person in which the insurer alone, or with its subsidiaries or holding company, directly holds 20% or more of the shares, if the juristic person is a company, or 20% or more of any other ownership interest, if the juristic person is not ...
Document
Document

... 1 This article focuses on rebalancing in response to inputs other than changing investment signals or expected returns. The question of how and when to apply new investment signals – weighing the costs of holding a sub-optimal portfolio against the costs of trading to new targets – is highly depend ...
Unconstrained Investing: Unleash Your Bonds
Unconstrained Investing: Unleash Your Bonds

... can vary widely and there is no market-based benchmark against which to compare performance. This makes comparisons of manager returns difficult and an assessment of risk and return subjective. So what is an appropriate benchmark for an unconstrained strategy? The unfortunate answer is, “It depends. ...
Financial Maths Solutions
Financial Maths Solutions

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Focus on Risk Adjusted Returns
Focus on Risk Adjusted Returns

Compensating Balances
Compensating Balances

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Defensive or offensive?
Defensive or offensive?

... it increases the reward/risk ratio of the portfolio. So tail-risk insurance should be undertaken if the amount paid out in insurance premium is less than the expected gain should the event occur. Here is an example: for the last 1,000 years, an earthquake occurs in Zone A on average once every 50 ye ...
Chapter 2
Chapter 2

... • What is the difference between book value and market value? Which should we use for decision making purposes? • What is the difference between accounting income and cash flow? Which do we need to use when making decisions? • What is the difference between average and marginal tax rates? Which shou ...
what stock market returns to expect for the future?
what stock market returns to expect for the future?

... Therefore, its current assumption for the equity premium, defined as the difference between yields on equities and Treasuries, is 4.0 percent in the long run. Some critics contend that the projected return on stocks—and the resulting equity premium—used by the OACT are too high. It is important to r ...
What Stock Market Returns to Expect for the Future
What Stock Market Returns to Expect for the Future

... Therefore, its current assumption for the equity premium, defined as the difference between yields on equities and Treasuries, is 4.0 percent in the long run. Some critics contend that the projected return on stocks—and the resulting equity premium—used by the OACT are too high. It is important to r ...
Financial Accounting: Assets Question 1 (30 marks) Multiple choice
Financial Accounting: Assets Question 1 (30 marks) Multiple choice

... Prepare the journal entries Genetic research would make to record its 20X6 transactions in equity securities, including any year-end valuation adjustments. 3. (4 marks) Show how the investment portfolio would be reported in the 20X6 balance sheet and income statement. 4. (8 marks) Prepare the journa ...
Increasing Resilience to Large and Volatile Capital Flows: The Role
Increasing Resilience to Large and Volatile Capital Flows: The Role

QFI CORE Model Solutions Fall 2014
QFI CORE Model Solutions Fall 2014

... Compare the key characteristics of Gaussian (nonscalable) and fractal (scalable) models, and their effectiveness in assessing financial strategies. Commentary on Question: Candidates are expected to list key characteristics of both the Gaussian (nonscalable) and fractal (scalable) models. Several ca ...
Maturity and interest
Maturity and interest

... Immunization requires duration – not maturity – matching. One reason to immunize is active bond management. The bonds you find attractively priced cannot be made to cash flow match your obligation. Consider a company that has issued a GIC. Based on analysis of various securities in the fixed income ...
Capital flows, exchange rate trade balances, and all that stuff
Capital flows, exchange rate trade balances, and all that stuff

... generated by a given amount of K and L • If you like equations: Y=A*f(K,L) ...
Lecture
Lecture

... from investing activities and financing activities is exactly the same under both methods. • Under the direct method, each line item of the accrual-based income statement is converted into cash receipts or cash payments. • Under the indirect method, net income is converted to operating cash flow by ...
The Equity Premium: Consistent with GDP Growth and
The Equity Premium: Consistent with GDP Growth and

... class of models has been so far put forth to show the consistency of macroeconomic growth rates, risk, and other behavioral variables with the size of the premium, which is what we attempt to do here. ...
risk margin - Casualty Actuarial Society
risk margin - Casualty Actuarial Society

... risk financing/transfer strategies. For example, this point on the risk/return sphere may represent : •a casualty per occurrence retention of $10.0 Million, •a property retention of ...
P 0 - Faculty Pages
P 0 - Faculty Pages

... Is this stock overpriced or underpriced? Step 1: calculate the estimated expected return estimated E(R) = (52+4-48)/48 = 16.7% ...
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Modified Dietz method

The modified Dietz method is a measure of the historical performance of an investment portfolio in the presence of external flows. (External flows are movements of value such as transfers of cash, securities or other instruments in or out of the portfolio, with no equal simultaneous movement of value in the opposite direction, and which are not income from the investments in the portfolio, such as interest, coupons or dividends.) To calculate the modified Dietz return, divide the gain or loss in value, net of external flows, by the average capital over the period of measurement. The result of the calculation is expressed as a percentage rate of return for the time period. The average capital weights individual cash flows by the amount of time from when those cash flows occur until the end of the period.This method has the practical advantage over Internal Rate of Return (IRR) that it does not require repeated trial and error to get a result.The cash flows used in the formula are weighted based on the time they occurred in the period. For example if they occurred in the beginning of the month they would have a higher weight than if they occurred at the end of the month. This is different from the simple Dietz method, in which the cash flows are weighted equally regardless of when they occurred during the measurement period, which works on an assumption that the flows are distributed evenly throughout the period.With the advance of technology in the past 15 years, most systems can calculate a true time-weighted return by calculating a daily return and geometrically linking in order to get a monthly, quarterly, annual or any other period return. However, the modified Dietz method remains useful for performance attribution, because it still has the advantage of allowing modified Deitz returns on assets to be combined with weights in a portfolio, calculated according to average invested capital, and the weighted average gives the modified Dietz return on the portfolio. Time weighted returns do not allow this.This method for return calculation is used in modern portfolio management. It is one of the methodologies of calculating returns recommended by the Investment Performance Council (IPC) as part of their Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS). The GIPS standard is intended to standardize the way portfolio returns are calculated internationally.The method is named after Peter O. Dietz.
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