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UPS Handbook help to understand the UPS and what it does
UPS Handbook help to understand the UPS and what it does

... Single-phase distribution is used when loads are mostly lighting and heating, with few small electric motors.  Single-phase electricity is what you have in your house. In general, household electrical supply is a single-phase, 220-230 volt AC supply. If you were to take an oscilloscope and measure t ...
UPS Handbook
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... Single-phase distribution is used when loads are mostly lighting and heating, with few small electric motors.  Single-phase electricity is what you have in your house. In general, household electrical supply is a single-phase, 220-230 volt AC supply. If you were to take an oscilloscope and measure t ...
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... datasheet easily, by considering MOSFET parameters such as body diode reverse recovery time, turn-on and -off delay times, rise, and fall times. Another is related to the minimum necessary dead time for achieving ZVS operation even under the worst-case conditions, i.e., when maximum input voltage is ...
LTC3600 - 15V, 1.5A Synchronous Rail-to-Rail
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... regulator. The accurate 50µA current source on the ISET pin allows the user to use just one external resistor to program the output voltage in a unity gain buffer fashion. In normal operation, the internal top power MOSFET is turned on for a fixed interval determined by a fixed one-shot timer OST. W ...
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... utilities normally just model the primary. Modeling the secondary is occasionally useful for modeling specific problems at a customer. We can still have very good models with simplifications. Modeling long laterals or branches is normally a good idea, but we can lump most laterals together as a load ...
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... power surges and voltage spikes, and to keep the appliance operating in case of power failure. w Do not work alone when working with high voltage components. w Always disconnect the appliance from power before removing or installing any component. First shut down the appliance, and then unplug the p ...
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... f. When the electric lights flicker, it means that a power line voltage fluctuation has occurred. It also means that the fluctuation lasted about half a second since the human eye cannot detect light intensity changes that occur at much faster rates. However, many of the fluctuations that appear on ...
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... machine. Thus, adequate frequency and voltage control is achieved in a microgrid involving distributed generation (DG), without the need of a communication-system. In grid-connected microgrids, DG units mainly perform active-power supply and voltage regulation, whereas the system frequency is mainly ...
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... with control modules as stated above. The TAS module can accommodate up to 63 zones of control. Alarm is activated at ± 30° F. See pages 33-34 for details. CIM: The CIM Computer Interface Module is the communications link between CSS modules and a remote host system. The CIM module can accommodate u ...
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... PEMFCs are the most popular type of Fuel Cells (F Cs) and traditionally use hydrogen as the fuel. One FC problem is its relative slow dynamics caused by the time constant of the hydrogen and oxygen supply systems that can be in the range of several seconds. In this sense, supercapacitors (SCs) respo ...
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Power factor



In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC electrical power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load to the apparent power in the circuit, and is a dimensionless number in the closed interval of -1 to 1. A power factor of less than one means that the voltage and current waveforms are not in phase, reducing the instantaneous product of the two waveforms (V x I). Real power is the capacity of the circuit for performing work in a particular time. Apparent power is the product of the current and voltage of the circuit. Due to energy stored in the load and returned to the source, or due to a non-linear load that distorts the wave shape of the current drawn from the source, the apparent power will be greater than the real power. A negative power factor occurs when the device (which is normally the load) generates power, which then flows back towards the source, which is normally considered the generator.In an electric power system, a load with a low power factor draws more current than a load with a high power factor for the same amount of useful power transferred. The higher currents increase the energy lost in the distribution system, and require larger wires and other equipment. Because of the costs of larger equipment and wasted energy, electrical utilities will usually charge a higher cost to industrial or commercial customers where there is a low power factor.Linear loads with low power factor (such as induction motors) can be corrected with a passive network of capacitors or inductors. Non-linear loads, such as rectifiers, distort the current drawn from the system. In such cases, active or passive power factor correction may be used to counteract the distortion and raise the power factor. The devices for correction of the power factor may be at a central substation, spread out over a distribution system, or built into power-consuming equipment.
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