endocrine dynamic function test protocols
... anterior pituitary. This test evaluates the ability of the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol after stimulation by synthetic ACTH (tetracosactrin: Synacthen). The Synacthen test is a useful investigation in suspected secondary adrenal insufficiency as it correlates reasonably well with the „gold-sta ...
... anterior pituitary. This test evaluates the ability of the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol after stimulation by synthetic ACTH (tetracosactrin: Synacthen). The Synacthen test is a useful investigation in suspected secondary adrenal insufficiency as it correlates reasonably well with the „gold-sta ...
EFFECT OF ATROPINE SULPHATE ON OVARIAN ACTIVITIES IN ALBINO RATS Research Article MADHU M.PATIL
... possibility of covering the so called “Critical period” for cyclic LH surge, necessary for ovulation; thus postponing the ovulation for one day by interfering with 24 hours periodicity for gonadotrophin release17,18. Low levels of plasma FSH and LH with high concentr ...
... possibility of covering the so called “Critical period” for cyclic LH surge, necessary for ovulation; thus postponing the ovulation for one day by interfering with 24 hours periodicity for gonadotrophin release17,18. Low levels of plasma FSH and LH with high concentr ...
Equine chorionic gonadotropin: an enigmatic but essential tool
... Treatment with eCG has been less frequently employed to induce puberty in ruminants, although it has been successfully used in sheep (Sawalha et al., 2011). One of the major issues in bovine reproduction is the duration of postpartum anestrus, as its length has extensive consequences on production. ...
... Treatment with eCG has been less frequently employed to induce puberty in ruminants, although it has been successfully used in sheep (Sawalha et al., 2011). One of the major issues in bovine reproduction is the duration of postpartum anestrus, as its length has extensive consequences on production. ...
Thyroid Function Testing Strategy (minus appendix)
... to T3 and reducing the clearance of both T4 and reverse T3 (rT3). Consequently, the serum levels of T4 and rT3 increase and the serum levels of T3 decrease by 20-25%. •Amiodarone inhibits entry of T4 and T3 into the peripheral tissue. Serum T4 levels increase by an average of 40% above pretreatment ...
... to T3 and reducing the clearance of both T4 and reverse T3 (rT3). Consequently, the serum levels of T4 and rT3 increase and the serum levels of T3 decrease by 20-25%. •Amiodarone inhibits entry of T4 and T3 into the peripheral tissue. Serum T4 levels increase by an average of 40% above pretreatment ...
water deprivation test and desmopressin test in adults
... to T3 and reducing the clearance of both T4 and reverse T3 (rT3). Consequently, the serum levels of T4 and rT3 increase and the serum levels of T3 decrease by 20-25%. •Amiodarone inhibits entry of T4 and T3 into the peripheral tissue. Serum T4 levels increase by an average of 40% above pretreatment ...
... to T3 and reducing the clearance of both T4 and reverse T3 (rT3). Consequently, the serum levels of T4 and rT3 increase and the serum levels of T3 decrease by 20-25%. •Amiodarone inhibits entry of T4 and T3 into the peripheral tissue. Serum T4 levels increase by an average of 40% above pretreatment ...
Hypothyroidism by Dr Sarma
... • Starting dose for healthy patients > 50 years should be < 50 µg/day. Dose ↑ by 25 µg, if needed, at 6 to 8 weeks intervals. • Starting dose for patients with heart disease should be 12.5 to 25 µg/day and increase by 12.5 to 25 µg/day, if needed, at 6 to 8 ...
... • Starting dose for healthy patients > 50 years should be < 50 µg/day. Dose ↑ by 25 µg, if needed, at 6 to 8 weeks intervals. • Starting dose for patients with heart disease should be 12.5 to 25 µg/day and increase by 12.5 to 25 µg/day, if needed, at 6 to 8 ...
Acute effects of thyroid hormones on the production of adrenal cAMP
... concentrations may remain normal in rats given T3 (15). The in vitro production of adrenal corticoids remains unchanged after thyroglobulin feeding (34). ACTH-induced increases in plasma-free corticoids are exaggerated in hyperthyroid rats (15, 34), but this may be accounted for by the reduction in ...
... concentrations may remain normal in rats given T3 (15). The in vitro production of adrenal corticoids remains unchanged after thyroglobulin feeding (34). ACTH-induced increases in plasma-free corticoids are exaggerated in hyperthyroid rats (15, 34), but this may be accounted for by the reduction in ...
Induction of the Secretion of LH and GH by Orexin A and Ghrelin is
... significantly between groups. The weakening of leptin activity due to treatment with its antagonist (SOLA) strengthened the individual effects of orexin A and ghrelin on LH secretion in this study. Intracerebroventricular infusions of orexin A alone did not significantly affect the blood plasma LH c ...
... significantly between groups. The weakening of leptin activity due to treatment with its antagonist (SOLA) strengthened the individual effects of orexin A and ghrelin on LH secretion in this study. Intracerebroventricular infusions of orexin A alone did not significantly affect the blood plasma LH c ...
Hypothyroidism and Myxedema Coma
... the thyroid. With this form of hypothyroidism, the thyroid tissue has been destroyed or replaced and thus becomes less responsive to TSH. Therefore, T3 and T4 levels gradually decline, with a compensatory increase in TSH (Figure 3). There are two common histologic forms of primary hypothyroidism: Th ...
... the thyroid. With this form of hypothyroidism, the thyroid tissue has been destroyed or replaced and thus becomes less responsive to TSH. Therefore, T3 and T4 levels gradually decline, with a compensatory increase in TSH (Figure 3). There are two common histologic forms of primary hypothyroidism: Th ...
Thyroid Emergencies
... "Probably reflects the addition of adrenergic hyperactivity, induced by a nonspecific stress, into the setting of untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism" ...
... "Probably reflects the addition of adrenergic hyperactivity, induced by a nonspecific stress, into the setting of untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism" ...
Congenital Hypothyroidism
... transient hypothyroidism. Transient hypothyroxinema of prematurity refers to low serum concentration of thyroid hormones in up to 85% of preterm infants in early postnatal life as compared to term infants. This reflects the underdevelopment of the HPT axis, which cannot compensate for the loss of ma ...
... transient hypothyroidism. Transient hypothyroxinema of prematurity refers to low serum concentration of thyroid hormones in up to 85% of preterm infants in early postnatal life as compared to term infants. This reflects the underdevelopment of the HPT axis, which cannot compensate for the loss of ma ...
Sexual dichotomy of gonadal function in Prader–Willi syndrome from
... study design, size, duration: This is a prospective study of a cohort of 106 PWS patients followed for a mean duration of 4.5 years. Serial blood samples were obtained and assayed for gonadotrophins, inhibin B, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), testosterone (males ...
... study design, size, duration: This is a prospective study of a cohort of 106 PWS patients followed for a mean duration of 4.5 years. Serial blood samples were obtained and assayed for gonadotrophins, inhibin B, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), testosterone (males ...
17 Thyroid Hormones (T4, T3)
... The thyroid contains 70–80% of the total iodine in the body (15–20 mg). The thyroid gland must trap about 60 μg of iodine/d from the circulation to maintain adequate thyroid hormone production. The urinary excretion of iodine generally matches intake, and low levels indicate inadequate iodine intake ...
... The thyroid contains 70–80% of the total iodine in the body (15–20 mg). The thyroid gland must trap about 60 μg of iodine/d from the circulation to maintain adequate thyroid hormone production. The urinary excretion of iodine generally matches intake, and low levels indicate inadequate iodine intake ...
Differential Adaptations of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary
... important energy-conserving mechanism until re-feeding occurs. Leptin is not only modified in situations of negative energy balance; patients with primary hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroid disease, present an increase in body weight, decreased appetite and low leptin serum levels, so it is su ...
... important energy-conserving mechanism until re-feeding occurs. Leptin is not only modified in situations of negative energy balance; patients with primary hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroid disease, present an increase in body weight, decreased appetite and low leptin serum levels, so it is su ...
effect of race, gender and age on thyroid and thyroid stimulating
... life. This is in accordance with the previous works.8 Similar trends of changes in T41evels were also found by other workers.17 In the first decade, the T3 level was found to be elevated, which was followed by a drop then it increases in the later decades. This pattern of effect is also in agreement ...
... life. This is in accordance with the previous works.8 Similar trends of changes in T41evels were also found by other workers.17 In the first decade, the T3 level was found to be elevated, which was followed by a drop then it increases in the later decades. This pattern of effect is also in agreement ...
Human Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
... diagnosis of thyroid disease, particularly hyperthyroidism. In most hyperthyroid patients, both serum T3 and T4 are elevated. However, approximately 5-10% of hyperthyroid patients have elevated T3 concentrations but normal serum T4, a condition known as T3-thyrotoxicosis. Such clinical conditions ma ...
... diagnosis of thyroid disease, particularly hyperthyroidism. In most hyperthyroid patients, both serum T3 and T4 are elevated. However, approximately 5-10% of hyperthyroid patients have elevated T3 concentrations but normal serum T4, a condition known as T3-thyrotoxicosis. Such clinical conditions ma ...
PARATHYROID HORMONE
... Anatomy of Parathyroid Glands Histological appearance of the gland changes with age: The predominant cells (chief cells) Are present throughout life Source of PTH They have abundant glycogen, Golgi apparatus and few clusters of secretory granules ...
... Anatomy of Parathyroid Glands Histological appearance of the gland changes with age: The predominant cells (chief cells) Are present throughout life Source of PTH They have abundant glycogen, Golgi apparatus and few clusters of secretory granules ...
Hypoparathyroidism
... of the parathyroid glands. Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism can exist alone, or as part of a syndrome including diabetes and thyroid gland disease. Inherited hypoparathyroidism can also be caused by inherited problems with the gene that is needed for the body to make parathyroid hormone. This means tha ...
... of the parathyroid glands. Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism can exist alone, or as part of a syndrome including diabetes and thyroid gland disease. Inherited hypoparathyroidism can also be caused by inherited problems with the gene that is needed for the body to make parathyroid hormone. This means tha ...
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
... SIADH, doing so is often difficult due to noncompliance. Fluid restriction is the first-line treatment in mild asymptomatic hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration > 125 mEq/L), which generally improves with correction of the underlying cause and restriction of free fluid intake to between 800 and ...
... SIADH, doing so is often difficult due to noncompliance. Fluid restriction is the first-line treatment in mild asymptomatic hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration > 125 mEq/L), which generally improves with correction of the underlying cause and restriction of free fluid intake to between 800 and ...
Structure–function relationship of follicle
... that in fact both subunits contact the receptor (Lapthorn et al., 1994; Zeng et al., 1995; Dias, 1996; Liu and Dias, 1996; Remy et al., 1996; Grossman et al., 1997). The subunits of these glycoprotein hormones contain one or two Asn-linked (N-linked) heterogeneous oligosaccharides which have been sh ...
... that in fact both subunits contact the receptor (Lapthorn et al., 1994; Zeng et al., 1995; Dias, 1996; Liu and Dias, 1996; Remy et al., 1996; Grossman et al., 1997). The subunits of these glycoprotein hormones contain one or two Asn-linked (N-linked) heterogeneous oligosaccharides which have been sh ...
Thyroid Function
... Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Autoimmune reaction is associated with the presence of circulating antithyroid antibodies, and it leads to partial or complete destruction of thyroid gland. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis usually start with goitre, hypothyroidism appears later on. Transient hyperthyroid phase may a ...
... Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Autoimmune reaction is associated with the presence of circulating antithyroid antibodies, and it leads to partial or complete destruction of thyroid gland. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis usually start with goitre, hypothyroidism appears later on. Transient hyperthyroid phase may a ...
the cells responsible for synthesis of thyroid hormones
... A number of humans with a syndrome of thyroid hormone resistance have been identified, and found to have mutations in the receptor b gene which abolish ligand binding. Clinicially, such individuals show a type of hypothyroidism characterized by goiter, elevated serum concentrations of T3 and thyroxi ...
... A number of humans with a syndrome of thyroid hormone resistance have been identified, and found to have mutations in the receptor b gene which abolish ligand binding. Clinicially, such individuals show a type of hypothyroidism characterized by goiter, elevated serum concentrations of T3 and thyroxi ...
Thyroid function tests - UQ eSpace
... must therefore be interpreted in terms of its own reference range. ...
... must therefore be interpreted in terms of its own reference range. ...
The serum triiodothyronine to thyroxine (T3/T4)
... than the dose needed to restore normal TSH secretion. Therefore, many physicians have been content to allow patients to have serum T4 levels at the upper normal limit or slightly higher, low serum TSH concentrations (<2 mU/L), but normal plasma T313. In our study, the hypothyroid group on Thyroxine ...
... than the dose needed to restore normal TSH secretion. Therefore, many physicians have been content to allow patients to have serum T4 levels at the upper normal limit or slightly higher, low serum TSH concentrations (<2 mU/L), but normal plasma T313. In our study, the hypothyroid group on Thyroxine ...
Hypopituitarism
Hypopituitarism is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. If there is decreased secretion of most pituitary hormones, the term panhypopituitarism (pan meaning ""all"") is used.The signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism vary, depending on which hormones are undersecreted and on the underlying cause of the abnormality. The diagnosis of hypopituitarism is made by blood tests, but often specific scans and other investigations are needed to find the underlying cause, such as tumors of the pituitary, and the ideal treatment. Most hormones controlled by the secretions of the pituitary can be replaced by tablets or injections. Hypopituitarism is a rare disease, but may be significantly underdiagnosed in people with previous traumatic brain injury. The first description of the condition was made in 1914 by the German physician Dr Morris Simmonds.