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Architecture
Architecture

... Factors to consider ...
ppt
ppt

... First end-to-end layer. End-to-end state. May provide reliability, flow and congestion control. ...
The Application Layers :On Demand Lecture (Part I)
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Slide 1
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... • This allows up to 127 Class A networks. A value of 127 in the first field is reserved and is called the loopback. • A loopback refers to an interface that allows a host to send packets to itself. • This address is commonly 127.0.0.1. ...
WAN_Unit_2
WAN_Unit_2

... The multiplexing function shares many inputs to a single output. The demultiplexing function has one input which must be distributed to many outputs. Refer to Figure 6.1 (p. 189) The overall speed on the access side interfaces is generally less than that on the trunk side. Multiplexing techniques ca ...
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... ¡  Hosts  learn  IP  →  Ethernet  address  mappings   §  ARP  responses  are  stored  in  ARP  tables   §  ARP  requests  are  stored  in  ARP  tables  (whether   ...
NAME: Computer Science 461 Midterm Exam March 30, 2009
NAME: Computer Science 461 Midterm Exam March 30, 2009

... next instantaneous rate TCP will send at in this example, and how long (in terms of RTTs) would it now take to reach 32,000 bytes per second again? Because all packets are lost, we only detect loss through a timeout. This causes the sender's window to be reduced to a single MSS (1000 bytes / RTT), a ...
NAME: Computer Science 461 Midterm Exam March 30, 2009
NAME: Computer Science 461 Midterm Exam March 30, 2009

... next instantaneous rate TCP will send at in this example, and how long (in terms of RTTs) would it now take to reach 32,000 bytes per second again? Because all packets are lost, we only detect loss through a timeout. This causes the sender's window to be reduced to a single MSS (1000 bytes / RTT), a ...
HDLC and PPP
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HDLC and PPP - web.iiit.ac.in
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... considered “high layer” in protocol stack). HDLC is also used in multi-point links (one station many receivers) ...
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... 3. [10 marks] Both TCP and UDP use end-to-end checksum to detect errors that escape from error detection from the lower layers (IP and data-link) and errors occurred to the packets while residing in router buffers. Consider the following TCP connection that spans across three data-link networks. Eac ...
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... • Bandwidth - Delay Product – amount of data that the network can store between source and destination – if RTT used for delay, then amount that can be sent before sender can receive an ack – example: 100ms RTT and 45Mbps: bw-delay product is 560Kbytes ...
The eDonkey File-Sharing Network
The eDonkey File-Sharing Network

... and 150 (server) connection requests per minute. The share of connections actually used for data exchange is 77%, 74% and 72%. The number of simultaneous connections is 30 to 50 for eMule/broadband, 30 to 45 for eMule/ADSL and quite exactly 700 for the server (gathered by TCP trace file analysis). F ...
Lect03
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... • The computer with that IP address sends its physical address which is maintained in a cache. • ARP is local, that is, it is done on local network. ...
Scale and Performance in a Distributed File
Scale and Performance in a Distributed File

... 5.1 TCP The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite (IP), and is so common that the entire suite is often called TCP/IP. TCP provides reliable, ordered, errorchecked delivery of a stream of octets between programs running on computers connected ...
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Internet protocol suite



The Internet protocol suite is the computer networking model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks. It is commonly known as TCP/IP, because among many protocols, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) is the accepted and most widely used protocol in Internet. Often also called the Internet model, it was originally also known as the DoD model, because the development of the networking model was funded by DARPA, an agency of the United States Department of Defense.TCP/IP provides end-to-end connectivity specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination. This functionality is organized into four abstraction layers which are used to sort all related protocols according to the scope of networking involved. From lowest to highest, the layers are the link layer, containing communication technologies for a single network segment (link); the internet layer, connecting hosts across independent networks, thus establishing internetworking; the transport layer handling host-to-host communication; and the application layer, which provides process-to-process application data exchange.The TCP/IP model and related protocol models are maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
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