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biogeographic atlas of the southern ocean
biogeographic atlas of the southern ocean

... meroplanktonic species for which the origin of their medusa stage is from benthic polyps. The distributions of the planktonic stages are closely tied to the water masses that they inhabit and the depths of these water masses can change with latitude or indeed longitude. Unfortunately, much of the pu ...
Navigating the Future - III - European Science Foundation
Navigating the Future - III - European Science Foundation

... © SvitzerWijsmuller Salvage BV Salvage operation in Fayal (© SvitzerWijsmuller Salvage BV) © SHOM Float deployment (© SHOM) ...
Mesozooplankton in the Arctic Ocean in summer
Mesozooplankton in the Arctic Ocean in summer

... a 350 lm mesh. The total fraction larger than 350 lm was counted, whereas only 5}10% of the fraction smaller than 350 lm was counted for the dominant zooplankton species. Regarding the copepod groups, the di!erent copepodite stages were counted and measured under a dissecting microscope (equipped wi ...
The Oceanic Phosphorus Cycle
The Oceanic Phosphorus Cycle

... and may also be limiting in bodies of water receiving large freshwater inputs or fertilizer runoff from agriculture, as in the Chesapeake Bay.14,15 Furthermore, research in the Pacific Ocean gyres indicates that biological P uptake rates far surpass the combined input from atmospheric and deep water ...
Potential and Recent Problems of the Possible Polymetallic Sources
Potential and Recent Problems of the Possible Polymetallic Sources

... Regardless of the reliability of the forecast period, it becomes obvious that after 2020 some important raw materials will be much more difficult to access. Polymetallic deposits of the oceans are considered an important potential source of strategic minerals, including ferrous and non/ferrous metal ...
The Oceanic Phosphorus Cycle - Center for Microbial Oceanography
The Oceanic Phosphorus Cycle - Center for Microbial Oceanography

... and may also be limiting in bodies of water receiving large freshwater inputs or fertilizer runoff from agriculture, as in the Chesapeake Bay.14,15 Furthermore, research in the Pacific Ocean gyres indicates that biological P uptake rates far surpass the combined input from atmospheric and deep water ...
Obligation to Co-operate in Marine Scientific Research and
Obligation to Co-operate in Marine Scientific Research and

... concept of internal waters as well as territorial seas cover the air space above these waters. Furthermore, concerning the EEZ, Article 58 (1) of LOSC stipulates that “[i]n the exclusive economic zone”, all States enjoy the freedoms of overflight. It follows that the airspace over the EEZ is to be c ...
unep/cbd/sbstta/20/inf/25
unep/cbd/sbstta/20/inf/25

... Pteropods are a food source for many marine organisms, so impacts on pteropods, through the dissolution of their shells, could indirectly affect many pelagic species. 23. Many krill species will be at potential risk from ocean acidification. Krill species are also important species in marine food we ...
Quantifying the Cenozoic marine diatom
Quantifying the Cenozoic marine diatom

... marked by a geographical change in the distribution of diatom abundance: until then, high abundances are limited to the Atlantic basin (and the Southern Ocean), whereas, starting from the middle Miocene, the northern Pacific Ocean, followed later by the western Pacific and the eastern Indian Ocean, ...
Workshop Brochure
Workshop Brochure

... The Joint International Workshop of OCCOS and CHOICE-C will bring together expertise and successful experience from the first international workshop of OCCOS (Ocean and Climate Changes Observed from Space) held in Dec. 2008 and the first international workshop on coastal ocean carbon cycling in Mar. ...
Marine sciences: People`s Republic of Mozambique
Marine sciences: People`s Republic of Mozambique

... northern edge of the South Equatorial Current, a tongue of low-salinity water, originating off Sumatra, stretches west near 10°S, extending all the way to Africa. This boundary corresponds to a clearly marked sub-surface front in the chemical characteristics, which separates the waters of low oxygen ...
U N E P Y E A R
U N E P Y E A R

... protecting human health against the spread of infectious diseases. Clean air in our cities prevents the premature death and illness of millions of people and can save society trillions of dollars. Our economies are still largely fossil-fuel based, with the environmental, economic and health costs la ...
Climate and ocean trends of potential relevance to
Climate and ocean trends of potential relevance to

... oceanographic (sea surface temperature (SST) from coastal monitoring and satellites; upwelling; ocean temperature; sea surface height (SSH); ocean colour (chlorophyll, Chl); and acidification. Where possible, links between some of these categories of indices are described. No indices are currently a ...
Pacific Regional Oceans Policy - Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat
Pacific Regional Oceans Policy - Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat

... Our ocean, coastal and island ecosystems contain high biological diversity that has sustained the lives of Pacific Island communities since first settlement. It contains the most extensive coral reefs in the world, globally important fisheries, significant seabed mineral resources and high number of ...
current O a —
current O a —

... Deep-sea corals). These ecosystems are bathed in waters that have naturally high levels of CO2; however, more than 95% of cold-water coral reefs occur in waters that are supersaturated with respect to aragonite. Future projections of ocean acidification, however, indicate that 70% of cold-water cora ...
S C M A
S C M A

... These goals can best be achieved through the development and implementation of a leasing system for the ocean surface, water column, and ocean bottom that protects marine resources and environments, offers adequate exclusivity to aquaculture operations, and institutes a system of revenue collection ...
Chapter 5 - The World of the Census
Chapter 5 - The World of the Census

... limited the exploration of continental margins to major marine laboratories in developed countries. Such studies shaped our original, sometimes naive, conceptions of what lives on these steep depth gradients. The first impression was that the deep ocean is azoic, owing to the rapid decline in abunda ...
An experimental study on major element release from the sediments
An experimental study on major element release from the sediments

... Abstract With the enhanced warming and acidification of global ocean, whether and to what extent the naturally-weathered fluvial sediment into the sea can release elements and thus influence the geochemical process and ecosystem of global ocean remain to be resolved. In this contribution, an experim ...
Review on hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) involved in
Review on hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) involved in

... The severity of a spill impact depends on several environmental variables, such as, the location of the spill, weather conditions, properties of the hazardous substances transported, and ways such substances are packaged and stowed. HNS spills are different from oil spills, given the wide variety of ...
Phosphorus cycling in the Sargasso Sea: Investigation
Phosphorus cycling in the Sargasso Sea: Investigation

... reversed. The δ18Op values are close to equilibrium, DIP concentrations are higher, DOP concentrations are lower than in the surface, and turnover times are longer. These results indicate utilization of DOP is slower below the euphotic zone, though still present. This is also noted by Colman et al. ...
the international, interdisciplinary society devoted to ocean and
the international, interdisciplinary society devoted to ocean and

... what can it do to improve the lives of your children and grandchildren? While past advances in the various fields of marine technology have provided significant value to society, the pace and extent of today’s advances put us at a threshold for significant breakthroughs that will help us predict env ...
First Census of Marine Life 2010: Highlights of a Decade of Discovery
First Census of Marine Life 2010: Highlights of a Decade of Discovery

... Beginning as it did with the origins of humanity, our use of the oceans proceeded for millennia with a knowledge of ocean life only along coasts and on the surfaces where our boats dared to venture. Visits to new and deeper waters regularly revealed unexpected and unfamiliar life. Now, detailed navi ...
blue med a blue jobs and growth research and
blue med a blue jobs and growth research and

... studies on the pathologies that affect species: [J] to catch the opportunity offered by technological developments for collecting complex big data sets, in order to study biodiversity in a holistic and in-depth way, at very fast time scales (e.g. networks of cabled marine observatories); to establis ...
IOC/WESTPAC International Scientific Symposium: Role of Ocean
IOC/WESTPAC International Scientific Symposium: Role of Ocean

... data in the Thailand EEZ, concluded that local wind in the gulf and the tidal residual were insignificant forcing functions for the net surface circulation. Rather, the net current in the Gulf was forced by the circulation in the South China Sea which was controlled by the large regional scale monso ...
Report of the training workshop on Ecologically or Biologically
Report of the training workshop on Ecologically or Biologically

... workshops to facilitate the description of areas meeting the criteria for Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) in the world’s oceans. The primary genesis for this work began as an output of CBD workshops in 2005 and 2007 aimed at developing “scientific criteria for identifyi ...
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Marine debris



Marine debris, also known as marine litter, is human-created waste that has deliberately or accidentally been released in a lake, sea, ocean or waterway. Floating oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the centre of gyres and on coastlines, frequently washing aground, when it is known as beach litter or tidewrack. Deliberate disposal of wastes at sea is called ocean dumping. Naturally occurring debris, such as driftwood, are also present.With the increasing use of plastic, human influence has become an issue as many types of plastics do not biodegrade. Waterborne plastic poses a serious threat to fish, seabirds, marine reptiles, and marine mammals, as well as to boats and coasts. Dumping, container spillages, litter washed into storm drains and waterways and wind-blown landfill waste all contribute to this problem.
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