National Strategy
... The NOS2013-2020 presents a new model of development of ocean and coastal areas that will allow Portugal to meet the challenges for the promotion, growth and competitiveness of the maritime economy, in particular, the important changes to the political and strategic framework at both European and Wo ...
... The NOS2013-2020 presents a new model of development of ocean and coastal areas that will allow Portugal to meet the challenges for the promotion, growth and competitiveness of the maritime economy, in particular, the important changes to the political and strategic framework at both European and Wo ...
PRIMNM Expansion - Science Report-2mpm
... the past 50 years; an estimated 90% of all large predatory fish worldwide have been wiped out, although the exact status of commercially exploited populations in the Pacific varies. Protection would increa ...
... the past 50 years; an estimated 90% of all large predatory fish worldwide have been wiped out, although the exact status of commercially exploited populations in the Pacific varies. Protection would increa ...
Australia`s OceanS policy - Secretariat of the Pacific Community
... good condition in comparison with other countries. This is reflected in Australia’s international reputation for clean and contaminant-free seafood products and marine tourism destinations. We must maintain the health of our oceans to keep that reputation. There is no room for complacency. Our ocean ...
... good condition in comparison with other countries. This is reflected in Australia’s international reputation for clean and contaminant-free seafood products and marine tourism destinations. We must maintain the health of our oceans to keep that reputation. There is no room for complacency. Our ocean ...
Large Marine Ecosystems
... 2.6 Degradation and loss of habitat is of major concern in LMEs. Twenty per cent of global mangrove area was lost from 1980 to 2005. Loss continues at about 1 per cent per year, mainly driven by land clearing for development. By 2030, more than half of warm-water coral reefs are projected to be at ...
... 2.6 Degradation and loss of habitat is of major concern in LMEs. Twenty per cent of global mangrove area was lost from 1980 to 2005. Loss continues at about 1 per cent per year, mainly driven by land clearing for development. By 2030, more than half of warm-water coral reefs are projected to be at ...
Cruise 251
... “identified”, while the remaining was “unidentified”. Photos have been taken wherever possible and would certainly lead to identification up to genus or species level once other expertise are sought for ratification based on detailed description. Around 99% of the sighted cetaceans were dolphins whi ...
... “identified”, while the remaining was “unidentified”. Photos have been taken wherever possible and would certainly lead to identification up to genus or species level once other expertise are sought for ratification based on detailed description. Around 99% of the sighted cetaceans were dolphins whi ...
Name
... Characteristics of active continental margins include all of the following except: a. broad continental shelf. b. chains of islands. c. deep-sea trenches. ...
... Characteristics of active continental margins include all of the following except: a. broad continental shelf. b. chains of islands. c. deep-sea trenches. ...
Achieving the Aichi Biodiversity Targets
... To halt and reverse the degradation of these ecosystems, the Aichi Biodiversity Targets were adopted in the year 2010. Target 10 describes its goal as ―by 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are ...
... To halt and reverse the degradation of these ecosystems, the Aichi Biodiversity Targets were adopted in the year 2010. Target 10 describes its goal as ―by 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are ...
State of the Marine Environment Report for the
... The main climatic feature of the NOWPAP region is a monsoon circulation with prevailing winds from the land (from the northwest) in winter and from the sea (from the southeast) in summer. Given the region's 2,500 km stretch from north to south, its climate ranges from temperate to subtropical. The ...
... The main climatic feature of the NOWPAP region is a monsoon circulation with prevailing winds from the land (from the northwest) in winter and from the sea (from the southeast) in summer. Given the region's 2,500 km stretch from north to south, its climate ranges from temperate to subtropical. The ...
English
... To halt and reverse the degradation of these ecosystems, the Aichi Biodiversity Targets were adopted in the year 2010. Target 10 describes its goal as “by 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are ...
... To halt and reverse the degradation of these ecosystems, the Aichi Biodiversity Targets were adopted in the year 2010. Target 10 describes its goal as “by 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are ...
Isotopic Tracers of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle: Present and Past
... has been sharply revised downward to 4-fold [5]. Given the very low Fe concentrations found in the well-oxygenated open ocean of today and wellconserved structure of its active site across phylogenetic groupings, it has been suggested that nitrogenase evolved early in the Earth’s history before oxyg ...
... has been sharply revised downward to 4-fold [5]. Given the very low Fe concentrations found in the well-oxygenated open ocean of today and wellconserved structure of its active site across phylogenetic groupings, it has been suggested that nitrogenase evolved early in the Earth’s history before oxyg ...
Ocean Thermodynamics
... sensitive issue of “global warming” arising due to anthropogenic activity and excessive industrial emissions. “Save the Planet” is a familiar and most loud cry from the environmentalists, but it cannot stop the pace of industrial production that has assured the kind of life humans are enjoying in to ...
... sensitive issue of “global warming” arising due to anthropogenic activity and excessive industrial emissions. “Save the Planet” is a familiar and most loud cry from the environmentalists, but it cannot stop the pace of industrial production that has assured the kind of life humans are enjoying in to ...
Document
... protected areas (Levy and Ban, 2013; Makino et al., 2014) and those that do tend to use ...
... protected areas (Levy and Ban, 2013; Makino et al., 2014) and those that do tend to use ...
Services from the deep Steps towards valuation of deep sea goods
... remain largely unknown. This means we know little about the resilience and vulnerabilities of the systems that provide deep-sea goods and services. Increasing human population and demand for resources, coupled with over-exploitation of many more traditional resources, and rapid technological advance ...
... remain largely unknown. This means we know little about the resilience and vulnerabilities of the systems that provide deep-sea goods and services. Increasing human population and demand for resources, coupled with over-exploitation of many more traditional resources, and rapid technological advance ...
Brief account of the evolution of the Caribbean Seaway: Jurassic to
... connection first yielded a limited exchange of shallow marine taxa (Smith, 1983; Damborenea, 2000, Aberham, 2001), but with time the waterway widened (Pindell, 1994; Lawver et al., 1999) allowing an increasing exchange of marine animals, including both open and shallow marine taxa, limited during th ...
... connection first yielded a limited exchange of shallow marine taxa (Smith, 1983; Damborenea, 2000, Aberham, 2001), but with time the waterway widened (Pindell, 1994; Lawver et al., 1999) allowing an increasing exchange of marine animals, including both open and shallow marine taxa, limited during th ...
Workshop Brochure
... Modeling impacts of mesoscale eddies on biogeochemical processes in the South China Sea and Gulf of Alaska Fei Chai, Abs NO: I-16 ...
... Modeling impacts of mesoscale eddies on biogeochemical processes in the South China Sea and Gulf of Alaska Fei Chai, Abs NO: I-16 ...
Marine Protected Areas: Classification, Protection Standard and
... area and how they contribute to the associated ecological system. There are also considerable problems with compliance when setting catch limits at small spatial scales. Because of these difficulties, fishing methods have been used as a proxy for extraction from potential MPAs. ...
... area and how they contribute to the associated ecological system. There are also considerable problems with compliance when setting catch limits at small spatial scales. Because of these difficulties, fishing methods have been used as a proxy for extraction from potential MPAs. ...
Shallow Seas
... Seagrass and Kelp Nurseries Seagrass beds and kelp forests are important refuges for young fish that need to hide from predators until they reach maturity. Many fish do not live among seagrasses or kelps as adults, but come into these habitats to spawn, giving their young a greater chance at surv ...
... Seagrass and Kelp Nurseries Seagrass beds and kelp forests are important refuges for young fish that need to hide from predators until they reach maturity. Many fish do not live among seagrasses or kelps as adults, but come into these habitats to spawn, giving their young a greater chance at surv ...
Semi-automated classification method addressing Marine Strategy
... Figure 1. Gulf of Finland within the Baltic Sea. The rectangle identifies the sampling area in the Gulf of Finland, while the square insertion shows the Baltic Sea. ...
... Figure 1. Gulf of Finland within the Baltic Sea. The rectangle identifies the sampling area in the Gulf of Finland, while the square insertion shows the Baltic Sea. ...
The Gulf of St. Lawrence: A Unique Ecosystem
... densities) is the most important process affecting water masses. A water mass can stay in the Gulf for a few months near the surface and up to a few years in the colder, bottom waters. The circulation and mixing of these water masses is considered a key factor determining the physical habitats for m ...
... densities) is the most important process affecting water masses. A water mass can stay in the Gulf for a few months near the surface and up to a few years in the colder, bottom waters. The circulation and mixing of these water masses is considered a key factor determining the physical habitats for m ...
Salinity
... important part in oceanic processes.[16] In 2000 sediments from the ocean floor revealed a species of Archaea that breaks down methane, an important greenhouse gas and a major contributor to atmospheric warming.[17] Some bacteria break down the rocks of the sea floor, influencing seawater chemistry. ...
... important part in oceanic processes.[16] In 2000 sediments from the ocean floor revealed a species of Archaea that breaks down methane, an important greenhouse gas and a major contributor to atmospheric warming.[17] Some bacteria break down the rocks of the sea floor, influencing seawater chemistry. ...
Thoughts on the evolution of modern oceans
... are important for understanding the general appearance of our planet, and for the solution o f specific problems. A compara tive study o f the world’s oceans shows there is a single genetic series in the evolution of oceans, and that the oceans of the world are at different stages in their evolutio ...
... are important for understanding the general appearance of our planet, and for the solution o f specific problems. A compara tive study o f the world’s oceans shows there is a single genetic series in the evolution of oceans, and that the oceans of the world are at different stages in their evolutio ...
article - Aquatic Invasions
... sparse surveys were carried out in the harbour before 2010. However, this introduction is certainly recent as P. marinus was only collected since 2011, although the long-term plankton survey off Gravelines started in the 1970s (Antajan 2012). The introduction of P. marinus in the southern North Sea ...
... sparse surveys were carried out in the harbour before 2010. However, this introduction is certainly recent as P. marinus was only collected since 2011, although the long-term plankton survey off Gravelines started in the 1970s (Antajan 2012). The introduction of P. marinus in the southern North Sea ...
Climate change and dead zones
... threats of climate change and oxygen-depleted dead zones. We analyzed the severity of climate change predicted for existing dead zones, and found that 94% of dead zones are in regions that will experience at least a 2 °C temperature increase by the end of the century. We then reviewed how climate ch ...
... threats of climate change and oxygen-depleted dead zones. We analyzed the severity of climate change predicted for existing dead zones, and found that 94% of dead zones are in regions that will experience at least a 2 °C temperature increase by the end of the century. We then reviewed how climate ch ...
Year-long float trajectories in the Labrador Sea Water of the eastern
... Labrador Sea Water formation occurs at the dense end of the range of subpolar water masses, and is therefore one of the principal mechanisms for removing heat and salt anomalies from further interaction with the atmosphere. The spreading of this water mass in the interior has received much attention ...
... Labrador Sea Water formation occurs at the dense end of the range of subpolar water masses, and is therefore one of the principal mechanisms for removing heat and salt anomalies from further interaction with the atmosphere. The spreading of this water mass in the interior has received much attention ...
Marine pollution
Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful, effects result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Most sources of marine pollution are land based. The pollution often comes from nonpoint sources such as agricultural runoff, wind-blown debris and dust. Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients. It is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters, in which excess nutrients, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, stimulate algae growth.Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles which are then taken up by plankton and benthos animals, most of which are either deposit or filter feeders. In this way, the toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains. Many particles combine chemically in a manner highly depletive of oxygen, causing estuaries to become anoxic.When pesticides are incorporated into the marine ecosystem, they quickly become absorbed into marine food webs. Once in the food webs, these pesticides can cause mutations, as well as diseases, which can be harmful to humans as well as the entire food web.Toxic metals can also be introduced into marine food webs. These can cause a change to tissue matter, biochemistry, behaviour, reproduction, and suppress growth in marine life. Also, many animal feeds have a high fish meal or fish hydrolysate content. In this way, marine toxins can be transferred to land animals, and appear later in meat and dairy products.