Cytokines
... and adaptive immunity in response to microbes and other antigens as a result of cellular activation. Cytokines initiate their actions by binding to specific membrane receptors on target cells. The cellular responses to most cytokines consist of gene activation, resulting in the expression of new ...
... and adaptive immunity in response to microbes and other antigens as a result of cellular activation. Cytokines initiate their actions by binding to specific membrane receptors on target cells. The cellular responses to most cytokines consist of gene activation, resulting in the expression of new ...
Here - Vanderbilt University
... breaks in the cuticle or by ingestion. The biology of pathogens inside the mosquito is dependent on their mode of transmission. By and large, bacteria and fungi enter mosquitoes through wounds in their outer cuticle or through the midgut epithelium after feeding. They quickly replicate in the host’s ...
... breaks in the cuticle or by ingestion. The biology of pathogens inside the mosquito is dependent on their mode of transmission. By and large, bacteria and fungi enter mosquitoes through wounds in their outer cuticle or through the midgut epithelium after feeding. They quickly replicate in the host’s ...
The role of intestinal microbiota and the immune system
... to the MLNs and induce IgA-producing plasma cells. After the antigens is cleared, most effector cells have died leaving a cohort of long-lived memory cells that can rapidly increase immunity on reencounter with their cognate antigen. Once an antigen has been detected by DCs, it is processed in its e ...
... to the MLNs and induce IgA-producing plasma cells. After the antigens is cleared, most effector cells have died leaving a cohort of long-lived memory cells that can rapidly increase immunity on reencounter with their cognate antigen. Once an antigen has been detected by DCs, it is processed in its e ...
Induction of immune responses to bovine herpesvirus type 1 gD in
... a situation where there is an unavoidable window of susceptibility to disease following the decline of maternally derived antibody and prior to the development of active humoral responses (MacDonald, 1992). This window of susceptibility occurs because the maternal titre capable of inhibiting the res ...
... a situation where there is an unavoidable window of susceptibility to disease following the decline of maternally derived antibody and prior to the development of active humoral responses (MacDonald, 1992). This window of susceptibility occurs because the maternal titre capable of inhibiting the res ...
The amphioxus immune system
... microscope the presence in the perivisceral coelom of free cells able to phagocyte and similar to specialized leukocytes as described in ascidians. Moreover, the blood vessels lack in a continuous endothelial layer, the blood is colourless and the vascular system is closed and consists of dorsal and ...
... microscope the presence in the perivisceral coelom of free cells able to phagocyte and similar to specialized leukocytes as described in ascidians. Moreover, the blood vessels lack in a continuous endothelial layer, the blood is colourless and the vascular system is closed and consists of dorsal and ...
Immune activation and Immunopathology of the HIV infection
... Can the most potent combinations of ARV and immune interventions - That activates « latently » infected cells - That targets cells actively replicating HIV Exhaust the HIV reservoirs ? ...
... Can the most potent combinations of ARV and immune interventions - That activates « latently » infected cells - That targets cells actively replicating HIV Exhaust the HIV reservoirs ? ...
Defensive behaviour in Aplastodiscus leucopygius
... event. Over the course of fieldwork conducted in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, we recorded defensive behaviours for Aplastodiscus leucopygius, a forest-associated species. Herein we report on these behaviours and discuss them in relation to defensive behaviours recorded for other closely related sp ...
... event. Over the course of fieldwork conducted in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, we recorded defensive behaviours for Aplastodiscus leucopygius, a forest-associated species. Herein we report on these behaviours and discuss them in relation to defensive behaviours recorded for other closely related sp ...
Mammalogy Lecture 5 -- Disparity in Diversity between Marsupials
... - Metatherians therefore lack the ability for the embryo to “hide”. - Thus, to avoid attack from the mother’s immune system, metatherians have a very short gestation. For example Macropus typically has a gestation period of around 30 days and Didelphis has a gestation period of around 12 days. - Me ...
... - Metatherians therefore lack the ability for the embryo to “hide”. - Thus, to avoid attack from the mother’s immune system, metatherians have a very short gestation. For example Macropus typically has a gestation period of around 30 days and Didelphis has a gestation period of around 12 days. - Me ...
SI Material and Methods
... immigration and the establishment of new, successful genotypes has been a rare event in the pond we studied. This is further strengthened by the gene flow paradox and the associated monopolisation hypothesis, which assumes that founder effects due to a small number of genotypes can have long lasting ...
... immigration and the establishment of new, successful genotypes has been a rare event in the pond we studied. This is further strengthened by the gene flow paradox and the associated monopolisation hypothesis, which assumes that founder effects due to a small number of genotypes can have long lasting ...
- Doctor of the Future
... shallow answers that leave them puzzled with the mystery of “Why is this happening to me?” and “ What can I do about it?” • Trends research over 10 years ago identified a number of factors essential to being successful in the nutritional field – one of those was establishing yourself as an expert ...
... shallow answers that leave them puzzled with the mystery of “Why is this happening to me?” and “ What can I do about it?” • Trends research over 10 years ago identified a number of factors essential to being successful in the nutritional field – one of those was establishing yourself as an expert ...
Animal Migration and Infectious Disease Risk REVIEW
... longed use of habitats allows parasites with environmental transmission modes to accumulate (i.e., those parasites with infectious stages that can persist outside of hosts, such as many helminths, ectoparasites, and microbial pathogens with fecal-oral transmission), migration will allow animals to e ...
... longed use of habitats allows parasites with environmental transmission modes to accumulate (i.e., those parasites with infectious stages that can persist outside of hosts, such as many helminths, ectoparasites, and microbial pathogens with fecal-oral transmission), migration will allow animals to e ...
Will Global Climate Change Alter Fundamental Human Immune
... Cells of the nascent human immune system emerge within weeks of conception faced with the multiple concomitant challenges of providing defence against infection at the placental interface, avoiding development of (allo-) immune reactions against maternal antigens and managing the transition from a s ...
... Cells of the nascent human immune system emerge within weeks of conception faced with the multiple concomitant challenges of providing defence against infection at the placental interface, avoiding development of (allo-) immune reactions against maternal antigens and managing the transition from a s ...
Stimulation of Cytokine Expression by Peripheral Blood
... about differences relative to the unstimulated control by evaluating the intercept term for each model. A similar modeling approach was used for the mare data, except that age was not considered as a factor. For a given cytokine, an ANOVA was performed comparing the values of differences between mar ...
... about differences relative to the unstimulated control by evaluating the intercept term for each model. A similar modeling approach was used for the mare data, except that age was not considered as a factor. For a given cytokine, an ANOVA was performed comparing the values of differences between mar ...
I Am A Pathogen
... 6. Another group of eight students will each be provided with an index card of instructions and a sheet of double sided adhesive square stickers, 5 green, 5 blue, 5 purple, and 5 yellow (antibodies). If an antibody binds to a pathogen, then it sticks to it and stays in its’ location. The person hold ...
... 6. Another group of eight students will each be provided with an index card of instructions and a sheet of double sided adhesive square stickers, 5 green, 5 blue, 5 purple, and 5 yellow (antibodies). If an antibody binds to a pathogen, then it sticks to it and stays in its’ location. The person hold ...
Interactions between Micro- and Macroparasites Predict
... records of the same host-parasite combination from different sampling periods or locations). These records represented 145 primate host species and 623 parasite species, and they came from 517 references. Importantly, data collation was restricted to studies of free-living primate populations; sampl ...
... records of the same host-parasite combination from different sampling periods or locations). These records represented 145 primate host species and 623 parasite species, and they came from 517 references. Importantly, data collation was restricted to studies of free-living primate populations; sampl ...
The Immune System
... Klein, J. (1990), Immunology, Blackwell Scientific Publications. Matzinger, P. (1994), “Tolerance, Danger and the Extended Family”, Annual Reviews of Immunology, 12, pp. 991-1045. ...
... Klein, J. (1990), Immunology, Blackwell Scientific Publications. Matzinger, P. (1994), “Tolerance, Danger and the Extended Family”, Annual Reviews of Immunology, 12, pp. 991-1045. ...
Childhood Immune Maturation and Allergy Development: Regulation by Maternal
... microbial stimulation and may provide a primary signal for the maturation of a balanced postnatal innate and adaptive immune system 62, 63. It is likely that our immune system has evolved as much to manage and exploit beneficial microbes as to fend off pathogens 64, 65. The gut microbiota differs du ...
... microbial stimulation and may provide a primary signal for the maturation of a balanced postnatal innate and adaptive immune system 62, 63. It is likely that our immune system has evolved as much to manage and exploit beneficial microbes as to fend off pathogens 64, 65. The gut microbiota differs du ...
Resolution
... • Macrophages are professional antigen presenting cells (APC). • APC capture, process, transport, present and retain antigen • Phagocytosed antigen is digested within the endocytic processing pathway into peptides that associate with class II MHC molecules and the complexes move to the macrophage me ...
... • Macrophages are professional antigen presenting cells (APC). • APC capture, process, transport, present and retain antigen • Phagocytosed antigen is digested within the endocytic processing pathway into peptides that associate with class II MHC molecules and the complexes move to the macrophage me ...
Selenium in Nutrition and Toxicology
... • Several human epidemiological studies found a statistically significant inverse relationship between Se level and risk of cancer overall, particularly in men. • Also early animal studies have shown that selenium added to the diet reduced cancer incidence. ...
... • Several human epidemiological studies found a statistically significant inverse relationship between Se level and risk of cancer overall, particularly in men. • Also early animal studies have shown that selenium added to the diet reduced cancer incidence. ...
Immune response to fungal infections
... At present, much of what is known about fungal infections is limited to what happens in man. There are many preliminary results obtained with laboratory animals, mainly with murine models. Less is known in the case of domestic animals concerning fungal diseases, especially by species that produce di ...
... At present, much of what is known about fungal infections is limited to what happens in man. There are many preliminary results obtained with laboratory animals, mainly with murine models. Less is known in the case of domestic animals concerning fungal diseases, especially by species that produce di ...
S flexneri
... • Observed suppression of transcription of genes mainly coding for antimicrobial peptides, like β-defensin (e.g., hBD-3), in these cell lines • MxiE (bacterial regulator) is responsible for such regulatory process In vivo studies – • Human intestinal xenotransplants were used as model, infected with ...
... • Observed suppression of transcription of genes mainly coding for antimicrobial peptides, like β-defensin (e.g., hBD-3), in these cell lines • MxiE (bacterial regulator) is responsible for such regulatory process In vivo studies – • Human intestinal xenotransplants were used as model, infected with ...
Differential fitness effects of immunocompetence and
... a key role in the evolution of polymorphism (Sinervo & Calsbeek 2003). Correlational selection may build genetic correlations within individuals that express different forms of the polymorphism (hereafter ‘morphs’) and may therefore play a crucial part in the maintenance of genetically based polymor ...
... a key role in the evolution of polymorphism (Sinervo & Calsbeek 2003). Correlational selection may build genetic correlations within individuals that express different forms of the polymorphism (hereafter ‘morphs’) and may therefore play a crucial part in the maintenance of genetically based polymor ...
Bacterial Evasion of Host Immune Responses - Assets
... largely in individuals with the symptoms of SLE or immune complex disease. These individuals can also suffer recurrent infections. Low levels of serum mannose-binding lectin are associated with recurrent infections in young children, but not in adults. Deficiency in the gene encoding the alternative ...
... largely in individuals with the symptoms of SLE or immune complex disease. These individuals can also suffer recurrent infections. Low levels of serum mannose-binding lectin are associated with recurrent infections in young children, but not in adults. Deficiency in the gene encoding the alternative ...
Rethinking the role of immunity: lessons from Hydra
... Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany ...
... Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany ...