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Bacteria & Viruses
Bacteria & Viruses

...  A nonliving strand of genetic material within a protein coat  No organelles to take in nutrients or use energy  Cannot make proteins  Cannot move  Cannot replicate on their own  Most viruses range in size from 5 to 300 nanometers. ...
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)

... Since the 1940s, these drugs have greatly reduced illness and death from infectious diseases. Antibiotic use has been beneficial and, when prescribed and taken correctly, their value in patient care is enormous. However, these drugs have been used so widely and for so long that the infectious organi ...
LAB 2 (Data sheet 3
LAB 2 (Data sheet 3

... They can get into your jelly jar when their microscopic air-borne spores drift in whenever the jelly jar is opened. Toss out the whole jar! Molds and yeast also grow well in an acidic environment. ...
Effect of Citrus aurantifolia juice on the shelf
Effect of Citrus aurantifolia juice on the shelf

... zobo drinks after extraction may also be source of contamination. Packaging material and containers which probably were not properly sterilized as well as soil particles or the environment can serve as a source of additional microbial contamination of the zobo drink (Frazier and Westhoff, 1998). The ...
(Annona muricata L.) Leaves
(Annona muricata L.) Leaves

... leaves of soursop (Annona muricata L.) has long been used by certain local communities in Indonesia as an alternative treatment of bacterial diseases. Objective: Objective of this study was the investigation of antibacterial activities of methanol extract and chloroform fraction of the leaves of sou ...
Bacteria
Bacteria

... other life-forms. Bacteria are the only bacterium, which occurs in stagnant fresh water, has a tuft of flagella at each end (500). organisms capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. About 5000 different kinds of bacBacterial Form teria are currently recognized, but there are doubtless many thousands ...
HUGONIA MYSTAX Research Article ARUMUGAM VIMALAVADY
HUGONIA MYSTAX Research Article ARUMUGAM VIMALAVADY

... closed containers and considered as 100% extract. By adding sterile distilled water, 50% of the extracts were prepared13. ...
The rumen bacteria
The rumen bacteria

... Oval to long Gram - rods Dominant starch digesters hence, prevalent on grain diets ...
HALOMONAS HYDROTHERMALIS PRODUCING A CLASS-A β-LACTAMASE, ISOLATED FROM KUMTA COAST  Research Article
HALOMONAS HYDROTHERMALIS PRODUCING A CLASS-A β-LACTAMASE, ISOLATED FROM KUMTA COAST Research Article

... disease community today4. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotic in Gram negative organisms are mostly due to the secretion of β-lactamases5, and a variety of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes have been detected from these organisms6. It is surprising to note that most of the β-lactamase produ ...
- ZORA - Universität Zürich
- ZORA - Universität Zürich

... Background and aims: Most of the so far identified bacterial species and phylotypes in the human oral cavity can be assigned to one of 11 phyla of the domain Bacteria and within these to 18 different classes. However, more than 50% of the oral bacteria cannot yet be cultivated and information about ...
ML Antraks 1 Okt 2013
ML Antraks 1 Okt 2013

... Kingdom: Bacteria  Phylum: Firmicutes  Class: Bacilli  Order: Bacillales  Family: Bacillaceae  Genus: Bacillus  Species:B. anthracis ...
Preliminary Examination of the Bacterial Diversity
Preliminary Examination of the Bacterial Diversity

... either help to support human life or they compete with humans for food, space, and natural resources. One of the major groups of arthropods is insects. Examples of insects that can have a dramatic impact on humans include mosquitoes, lice, flies, and cockroaches. Another important aspect of the rela ...
Systematics of Microbial Kingdom (s) and Fungi
Systematics of Microbial Kingdom (s) and Fungi

... Classification of life on Earth at the highest level was traditionally based on the twokingdom concept, animals (Animalia) and plants (Plantae), and reflected a basic difference not only in motility but also in nutrition. Only a few cases could be considered ambiguous, such as the sessile sponges an ...
Characterization of Gut-Associated Bacteria in Larvae and Adults of
Characterization of Gut-Associated Bacteria in Larvae and Adults of

... bark. Mature larvae pupate in chambers at the ends of these galleries. Young adults emerge from the dead tree and repeat the cycle by searching for new hosts. Most knowledge of microorganisms associated with bark beetles involves fungi, particularly those transported externally on the exoskeleton or ...
The Microbiology of Bad Breath and Periodontitis
The Microbiology of Bad Breath and Periodontitis

... • PCR assays were used for detection of P.gingivalis ...
gram negative bacteria will be red.
gram negative bacteria will be red.

... The most used stain in bacteriology ...
See the article as a PDF. - Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science
See the article as a PDF. - Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science

... leucine arylamidase activity and the same number of strains showed high activity (Figure 2). Our results are consistent with those of Papamanoli et al. (2003). The degradation of the amino acids, obtained by exopeptidase activity of lactic acid bacteria and muscle aminopeptidases to volatile molecul ...
Glencoe Biology - Mr. Jones Jaguars
Glencoe Biology - Mr. Jones Jaguars

...  No organelles to take in nutrients or use energy  Cannot make proteins  Cannot move  Cannot replicate on their own  Most viruses range in size from 5 to 300 nanometers. ...
Cycle 33 Organism 4 - Streptococcus pyogenes
Cycle 33 Organism 4 - Streptococcus pyogenes

... aberrant immunological reactions to Group A Streptococcal antigens. Scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome are systemic responses to circulating bacterial toxins. Treatment and prevention Penicillin is still uniformly effective in treatment of Group A Streptococcal disease. It is impor ...
The antimicrobial resistance pattern of cultured human
The antimicrobial resistance pattern of cultured human

... explaining why some antibiotics effective against bacteria are not effective against archaea.3,4 The difficulty of cultivating methanogenic archaea has so far prevented a systematic evaluation of the antimicrobial agents that are active against both archaea and bacteria or eukarya. Only scarce data ...
Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus
Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus

... also methicillin-resistant, so we will mainly address MRSA strains. Various methods have been used over the years (and varying methods in different countries, etc.) to categorize MRSA strains into epidemiologically related or clonal groups. These methods include the antibiogram, bacteriophage typing ...
Fungi - Dr Magrann
Fungi - Dr Magrann

... If a female takes oral antibiotics for a bacterial infection elsewhere in the body, the normal bacteria in the vagina can be killed off as well, although antibiotics usually do not kill yeasts or other fungi. With the elimination of bacteria that compete for nutrients, the yeasts to have extra food ...
Summary  How do maggots operate?
Summary How do maggots operate?

... Biofilms were formed in a specially developed, new experimental design with combmodels of titanium, stainless steel and polyethylene, suspended in a 96-well microtiter plate. The highest amount of biofilm formation is reached within approximately 7 days. The least biofilm of P. aeruginosa was forme ...
ANTIBIOTICS2010 ppt
ANTIBIOTICS2010 ppt

... which additionally encode resistance to eg, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides • Can be spread between different enterobacteria by conjugation • As big a threat as MRSA ...
Bacterial differentiation within Moraxella bovis colonies growing at
Bacterial differentiation within Moraxella bovis colonies growing at

... filter paper and towels had close contact with the agar, a weight (approximately 1 kg) was placed on top. The towels were changed every 10 min until most of the water had been pressed from the agar. When the agar was reduced to a thin film, the growth was stained with Coomassie blue and destained as ...
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Skin flora



The skin flora, more properly referred to as the skin microbiota, are the microorganisms which reside on the skin. Most research has been upon those that reside upon the 2 square metres of human skin, cf. the human microbiome. The skin microbiome refer to their genomes.Many of them are bacteria of which there are around 1000 species upon human skin from 19 phyla. The total number of bacteria on an average human has been estimated at 1012 (1 trillion). Most are found in the superficial layers of the epidermis and the upper parts of hair follicles.Skin flora is usually non-pathogenic, and either commensal (are not harmful to their host) or mutualistic (offer a benefit). The benefits bacteria can offer include preventing transient pathogenic organisms from colonizing the skin surface, either by competing for nutrients, secreting chemicals against them, or stimulating the skin's immune system. However, resident microbes can cause skin diseases and enter the blood system creating life-threatening diseases particularly in immunosuppressed people.A major nonhuman skin flora is Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a chytrid and non-hyphal zoosporic fungus that causes chytridiomycosis, an infectious disease thought to be responsible for the decline in amphibian populations.
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