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Cardiac Exam Study Guide Page 2
Cardiac Exam Study Guide Page 2

...  Factors such as abnormal lipid levels, injuries from toxins, genetic predisposition, and diabetes have a major effect on the development of atherosclerosis.  The assessment of a patient with atherosclerosis includes a complete cardiovascular assessment because associated heart disease is often pr ...
PROFSHAUKATALI - Pakistan Parkinson`s Society
PROFSHAUKATALI - Pakistan Parkinson`s Society

... hallmark sign. When postural reflexes are inadequate, patients may fall if they are pushed even slightly forward or backward, or if they are standing in a moving vehicle such as a bus or train. ...
Tuberculosis – new tools for a very old public
Tuberculosis – new tools for a very old public

... by TST (Tuberculin Skin Test, Mantoux) where a purified protein derivate of M. tuberculosis is injected intracutaneously. The size of the resulting skin induration is measured in millimetres and a judgement based on a pre-determined cutoff is made as to the infection status of the test subject. Disa ...
Creutzfeld`s-Jakob Disease
Creutzfeld`s-Jakob Disease

... protein, i.e., PrPsc, within the brain. This abnormal protein has a different shape, i.e., folding, than its normal brain counterpart, and this abnormal folding propagates itself through brain tissue. Prions cause of variety of brain disorders in humans and other species. Mad Cow disease, i.e., the ...
Creutzfeld`s-Jakob Disease
Creutzfeld`s-Jakob Disease

... protein, i.e., PrPsc, within the brain. This abnormal protein has a different shape, i.e., folding, than its normal brain counterpart, and this abnormal folding propagates itself through brain tissue. Prions cause of variety of brain disorders in humans and other species. Mad Cow disease, i.e., the ...
Document
Document

... retesting 3 months after break in contact which is very important) • There are very few data on significance of a test positive only on step 2– data suggests good correlation with prior BCG. • Don’t retest “to see if we can make it positive” • Don’t do 2 steps more than once, after that if periodic ...
Medical Genomics and Electronic Health Records
Medical Genomics and Electronic Health Records

... information, costs and ethical issues tied to this rapidly expanding field ...
88a% - New Page 1
88a% - New Page 1

... further and potentially more life threatening complications. In the case of HIV and many other infectious diseases, the antibiotic treatments are becoming redundant as a result of resistance, and options for replacements are running out. HIV resistance in the UK was shown to have increased markedly ...
What You Should Know About Coats Disease
What You Should Know About Coats Disease

... Coats disease is a congenital condition in which abnormal blood vessels in the retina leak and fail to properly nourish the tissue. The retina is the neural lining of the back of the eye that converts light to a nerve signal. The condition is usually nonhereditary (meaning not passed from generation ...
Consent To Treat A Minor Form
Consent To Treat A Minor Form

... processes and promote health. The benefits include increased energy, increased gastrointestinal function, improved immunity and general well being. Botanical Medicine Botanical Medicine is a plant-based medicine using herbal teas, tinctures, capsules and other forms of herbal preparations to assist ...
xxxxxxxxxxx - University of Toronto
xxxxxxxxxxx - University of Toronto

... • lesions in the striatum, atrophy, gliosis • motor impairments - “Huntington’s chorea” • psychiatric and personality problems • cognitive problems late in disease, gradual • death in 10-20 years • genetic testing?? ...
Slide job
Slide job

... “figure it out later” since difficult to determine cause and effect in individual patients)  Unwarranted harms to patients in absence of benefits  Emergence of resistance and elimination of benefits for other patients ...
Country case – Health sector
Country case – Health sector

... consultation of Hospital Calderón Guardia, two cases of skin cancer are treated per day. Locust plague in 1998 and 2002 Increase in plagues in the Agricultural sector In the years of “El Niño” (1997 and 2004), spots have been detected in the Red Tide on the Pacific side of Costa Rica. The reported t ...
TB Epidemiology case study: Student Version
TB Epidemiology case study: Student Version

... residence in isolated, higher-altitude settings designed to provide TB patients comfortable rest in the fresh air. Sanatoria also isolated patients from the general population and thus reduced transmission. The most important advance in TB treatment came in the mid 20th century when the drug strepto ...
Background information
Background information

... the mouth to the anus. It is sometimes difficult to tell the difference between the two main types of IBD: such cases are known as indeterminate colitis.1 Causes The exact causes of UC and Crohn’s disease are unclear. It is thought that several factors have a part to play, such as: • Genetics: ther ...
Chapter 3: immunologic conditions & diseases
Chapter 3: immunologic conditions & diseases

... respiratory status C.It is not considered an obstructive disorder ...
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome

... good response to anti-IL-1 treatment (anakinra), has been reported in some children affected with TRAPS. What are the side effects of drug therapy? This depends on the drug that is used. NSAID’s can give rise to headaches, stomach ulcers and kidney damage. Corticosteroids and biologicals increase su ...
Replagal, INN-agalsidase alfa
Replagal, INN-agalsidase alfa

... disease, treatment with Replagal might provide long-term clinical benefits. The CHMP decided that Replagal’s benefits are greater than its risks and recommended that Replagal be given marketing authorisation. Replagal has been authorised under "Exceptional Circumstances", because, as the disease is ...
ELHDI – Lupus Overview – ENG
ELHDI – Lupus Overview – ENG

... • Autoimmune disease: • Excessive immune system activation • Loss of tolerance of immune system to one’s body • Certain genes are more likely to occur in patients with lupus • Many of these genes encode components of the immune system. ...
in English - The Lupus Initiative
in English - The Lupus Initiative

... • Autoimmune disease: • Excessive immune system activation • Loss of tolerance of immune system to one’s body • Certain genes are more likely to occur in patients with lupus • Many of these genes encode components of the immune system. ...
1 - Vision 2020 UK
1 - Vision 2020 UK

... Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit (Head: Prof Simon Cousens) The Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit conducts research on the epidemiology and control of infectious diseases both in developing and industrialized countries. The research programme is broad, but there is a major focus on four areas ...
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis

... have LTBI go on to develop active TB disease at some stage in their lives – therefore 90-95% of people with LTBI will never develop active TB disease. People with latent TB infection (LTBI) have TB germs in their bodies, but they are not sick, because the germs are not active. The germs are dormant ...
Climate-based early warning systems: implications for public health
Climate-based early warning systems: implications for public health

... Climate/weather information may be useful to the Health Cluster (specifically) and the health sector (generally) to strengthen existing surveillance systems Clear implications in terms of climate change Early warning systems only provide warning  effective preparedness and response still required i ...
Laboratories and Pathology - Children`s Hospital of Michigan
Laboratories and Pathology - Children`s Hospital of Michigan

... 4) An endemic disease rapidly emerging at an uncharacteristic time or in an unusual pattern. 5) Lower attack rates among people who have been indoors, especially in areas with filtered air, or closed ventilation systems, compared with people who have been outdoors. 6) Clusters of patients arriving f ...
Crohn`s Disease - Mysummitgi.com
Crohn`s Disease - Mysummitgi.com

... There is now evidence of a genetic link as Crohn's frequently shows up in a family group. In addition, there is evidence that the normal bacteria that grow in the lower gut may, in some manner, act to promote inflammation. The body's immune system, which protects it against many different infections ...
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Epidemiology



Epidemiology is the study of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, and interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review). Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences.Major areas of epidemiological study include disease etiology, transmission, outbreak investigation, disease surveillance and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects such as in clinical trials. Epidemiologists rely on other scientific disciplines like biology to better understand disease processes, statistics to make efficient use of the data and draw appropriate conclusions, social sciences to understand proximate and distal causes better, and engineering for exposure assessment.
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