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Bias: Considerations for research practice
Bias: Considerations for research practice

... been described. In 1979, Sackett8 proposed 35 specific biases; more recently, Delgado-Rodriguez and Llorca9 identified over 70 types of bias. While several classification systems have been proposed,6,9-11 the most common distinguishes among confounding, selection, and information bias.11 However, th ...
Renal Stone Disease
Renal Stone Disease

... including knowing when to consult urology ...
New Technologies in Vaccines
New Technologies in Vaccines

... • Vaccination for smallpox using cowpox quickly spread around the world. Jenner’s research techniques would be considered highly unethical today, but his work saved countless lives. • While Jenner used researchers developed methods for weakening pathogens in the laboratory. This led eventually to th ...
small Is THE NEW BIG
small Is THE NEW BIG

... the 300 endocrinologists who handle 70% of US Cushing’s cases, which is a significant benefit for a company of twenty full-time staff employees and two full time commercial employees. The sales push will consist of professional outreach by medical science liaisons, professional advertising by Natrel ...
lameness_in_dogs
lameness_in_dogs

... DIET  Depends on underlying cause  Reducing diet, if dog is overweight or obese to decrease stress on joints ...
Fighting Infectious Disease
Fighting Infectious Disease

... Misuse of medications has led to the re-emergence of diseases that many people thought were under control. For example, many strains of the pathogens that cause tuberculosis and malaria are evolving resistance to a wide variety of antibiotics and other medications. In addition, diseases such as m ...
B2B_Occupational__Environ_health M Afanasyeva
B2B_Occupational__Environ_health M Afanasyeva

... • Environmental issues are important in medical practice because exposures may be causally linked to a patient's clinical presentation and the health of the exposed population. A physician is expected to work with regulatory agencies and allied health professionals (e.g., occupational hygienists), w ...
Encephalitozoonosis (from Encephalitazoon cuniculi) in Rabbits
Encephalitozoonosis (from Encephalitazoon cuniculi) in Rabbits

... may occur (gastrointestinal stasis, bacterial overgrowth). Offer a large selection of fresh, moistened greens such as cilantro, romaine lettuce, parsley, carrot tops, dandelion greens, spinach, collard greens, etc., and goodquality grass hay. Also, try offering the rabbit's usual pelleted diet. If t ...
Naturopathic medicine
Naturopathic medicine

... ability to fend off diseases and illnesses by itself, without intervention. It does not utilize any major surgery or the use of synthetic drugs at all. Naturopathy focuses on healing the person, not the disease. However, its main focus is in preventing diseases before they occur, rather than actuall ...
Is the ageing population a threat to sustainable health care?
Is the ageing population a threat to sustainable health care?

... hospital beds over the last few decades. (It has been belatedly discovered that medical care cannot always be given to patients in the standing position.) At any rate, it tells us nothing about what being old is generally like and less than nothing about what it might be like in future. ...
Diverticular disease - King`s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Diverticular disease - King`s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

... The majority of people with diverticular will not have any symptoms; this is known as Diverticulosis. Only a few people who have diverticular disease develop Diverticulitis. This is when a Diverticulum (a single pocket) becomes blocked with a hard piece of stool and an infection develops inside. Sym ...
Simplicity of NMTM with TOF
Simplicity of NMTM with TOF

... • lack of side effects such as tachycardia, bronchospasm, nausea ...
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant as a therapy for severe, anti
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant as a therapy for severe, anti

... • Pathology 7/7/14- severe chronic colitis limited to the mucosa and submucosa, not extending into the distal ileus, most consistent with ulcerative colitis. • Discharged home on 7/9/14. ...
PEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS UPDATE
PEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS UPDATE

... • Specificity of the test varies depending on the prevalence of LTBI and the frequency of cross-reactions to the PPD antigen in a given population • In a population with relatively high frequency cross-reactions the specificity of the PPD is <95% – Decreases the positive predictive value of positive ...
Public Health 2030: Chronic Disease Driver Forecasts
Public Health 2030: Chronic Disease Driver Forecasts

... services, as well as healthy eating and active living initiatives and generally improving economic conditions, contributed to better health for many. Tobacco use continued to drop, as did cancer incidence rates. However, the aging population made breast and prostate cancers more prevalent, as well a ...
Implementation Plan 2016 - King`s Daughters Medical Center Ohio
Implementation Plan 2016 - King`s Daughters Medical Center Ohio

... The rural nature of Scioto County’s population has been noted as a limiting factor for improving health in the county. More than half of the population lives in rural areas. This can create issues with access to healthcare services, food and transportation. When considering mortality data men fare m ...
Location Products Function Disorders Hypotathalamus Pituitary
Location Products Function Disorders Hypotathalamus Pituitary

... Hypothyroidism is a disorder in which an __________ thyroid gland fails to produce or secrete as much thyroxine as the body needs. Since thyroxine is essential to physical growth and body metabolism, a low __________ of this hormone can slow life-sustaining processes and damage organs and tissues in ...
Epidemiologic Modeling for Hiv Epidemic among Intravenous Drug
Epidemiologic Modeling for Hiv Epidemic among Intravenous Drug

... (IVDUs) in Taiwan since 2003. The HIV virus isolated from IVDU patient was found to be belonged to CRF01_AE subtype rather than the B subtype isolated from men having sex with men (MSM) patients. Needle sharing is considered the cause of this new epidemic, but there has been a lack of mathematical m ...
Gastrointestinal Disease
Gastrointestinal Disease

... • A peptic ulcer is a chronic ulcer of the distal area of the stomach or the proximal end of the duodenum. It is associated with Helicobacter pylori colonization that destroys the mucosa. The mucosa is perforated and gastric acid and pepsin digest deeper tissue. Scarring occurs at the base of the ul ...
Undifferentiated vasculitis or an evolving
Undifferentiated vasculitis or an evolving

... fit with no evidence of neonatal lupus/heart blocks. The proteinuria could not be adequately explained because we could not do the renal biopsy but in the light of literature it did not fit into the criteria of lupus nephritis as proteinuria was less than 500 mg/d and there were no urinary sediments o ...
African trypanosomiasis or "Sleeping sickness"
African trypanosomiasis or "Sleeping sickness"

... cases. Testing and diagnose are also recommended at all time, to prevent developing a chronic infection without knowing. Eradicating African trypanosomiasis is an ecological issue as much as it is medical. It would be very interesting to pursue some researches concerning the best methods to control ...
CALL: 905-275-1022 Introduction to Periodontics
CALL: 905-275-1022 Introduction to Periodontics

... histories. It is extremely important for the periodontist to know if any medications are being taken or if the patient is being treated for any condition that can affect periodontal care, such as heart disease, diabetes, or pregnancy. The periodontist examines the gums, checks to see if there is any ...
Managing Patients with End-of-Life Issues
Managing Patients with End-of-Life Issues

... Support systems are weakened by geographical distances. ...
At present it is
At present it is

... limit use to 2 weeks (????), withdrawal signs have been reported but these reports are suspect acute overdose (20x) gave only mild effects ...
Tropical Ophthalmology. Part III.
Tropical Ophthalmology. Part III.

... dermal effects; folk medicine for conjunctivitis • Acute ocular effects first described in US troops during WWII • Other natural blistering agents: – cantharidine (beetle) – no known antidote – poison ivy/oak – podophyllum (mandrake root) ...
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Epidemiology



Epidemiology is the study of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, and interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review). Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences.Major areas of epidemiological study include disease etiology, transmission, outbreak investigation, disease surveillance and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects such as in clinical trials. Epidemiologists rely on other scientific disciplines like biology to better understand disease processes, statistics to make efficient use of the data and draw appropriate conclusions, social sciences to understand proximate and distal causes better, and engineering for exposure assessment.
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