Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... processes constituting the switched behavior. The subthalamic nucleus and the striatum in the basal ganglia mediate these cortical signals to achieve behavioral switching. We discuss how breaking a routine to allow more adaptive behavior requires a fine-tuned recruitment of the frontal cortical-basa ...
... processes constituting the switched behavior. The subthalamic nucleus and the striatum in the basal ganglia mediate these cortical signals to achieve behavioral switching. We discuss how breaking a routine to allow more adaptive behavior requires a fine-tuned recruitment of the frontal cortical-basa ...
Temporal Plasticity Involved in Recovery from Manual Dexterity
... see Vilensky and Gilman, 2002; Dancause et al., 2005). Several studies have shown that functional and structural reorganization in a part of the undamaged brain may be involved in training-induced functional recovery after focal damage to M1 (Nudo et al., 1996; Frost et al., 2003; Dancause et al., 2 ...
... see Vilensky and Gilman, 2002; Dancause et al., 2005). Several studies have shown that functional and structural reorganization in a part of the undamaged brain may be involved in training-induced functional recovery after focal damage to M1 (Nudo et al., 1996; Frost et al., 2003; Dancause et al., 2 ...
The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention
... Beginning with Mackworth’s experiments in the 1950s, the assessment of sustained attention (or vigilance) performance typically has utilized situations in which an observer is required to keep watch for inconspicuous signals over prolonged periods of time. The state of readiness to respond to rarely ...
... Beginning with Mackworth’s experiments in the 1950s, the assessment of sustained attention (or vigilance) performance typically has utilized situations in which an observer is required to keep watch for inconspicuous signals over prolonged periods of time. The state of readiness to respond to rarely ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... confined within the inter-stimulus interval by using a clustered volume acquisition sequence. A similar sound delivery system was used in our previous imaging study on auditory areas (Hashimoto et al., 2000). In each of the Syn, Sem, Pho and Voi tasks, one stimulus of a noun phrase (a noun and a cas ...
... confined within the inter-stimulus interval by using a clustered volume acquisition sequence. A similar sound delivery system was used in our previous imaging study on auditory areas (Hashimoto et al., 2000). In each of the Syn, Sem, Pho and Voi tasks, one stimulus of a noun phrase (a noun and a cas ...
MSc Thesis Template Document
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
Fractionation of social brain circuits in autism
... The extent to which abnormal connectivity in autism spectrum disorders is limited to domain-specific social brain areas has not been directly evaluated to date. In part, this has been due to methodological limitations. Connectivity differences in functional MRI, assessed using correlation or related ...
... The extent to which abnormal connectivity in autism spectrum disorders is limited to domain-specific social brain areas has not been directly evaluated to date. In part, this has been due to methodological limitations. Connectivity differences in functional MRI, assessed using correlation or related ...
Two Phylogenetic Specializations in the Human Brain
... The spindle cells may serve to augment and relay the error-correcting information to other parts of the brain. The spindle cells are located in layer 5, which typically relays the output of cortical processing to other cortical areas and subcortical structures. The axons of the spindle cells are kno ...
... The spindle cells may serve to augment and relay the error-correcting information to other parts of the brain. The spindle cells are located in layer 5, which typically relays the output of cortical processing to other cortical areas and subcortical structures. The axons of the spindle cells are kno ...
Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults
... One of the first activation studies of cognitive aging was that of Grady et al. (1994) on visual perception. During face matching, older adults showed weaker activity than younger adults showed in the occipital cortex but stronger activity in more anterior brain ...
... One of the first activation studies of cognitive aging was that of Grady et al. (1994) on visual perception. During face matching, older adults showed weaker activity than younger adults showed in the occipital cortex but stronger activity in more anterior brain ...
2. Organization of the Exam and Assessment Criteria
... imaging. Ways of recording, methods of analysis, application. 16. Psychophysiological characteristics of functional status: definition, types and ways of objective diagnostics. Connection between functional status and working efficiency. 17. Psychophysiology of wakefulness and sleep. Activating brai ...
... imaging. Ways of recording, methods of analysis, application. 16. Psychophysiological characteristics of functional status: definition, types and ways of objective diagnostics. Connection between functional status and working efficiency. 17. Psychophysiology of wakefulness and sleep. Activating brai ...
2. Organization of the Exam and Assessment Criteria
... imaging. Ways of recording, methods of analysis, application. 16. Psychophysiological characteristics of functional status: definition, types and ways of objective diagnostics. Connection between functional status and working efficiency. 17. Psychophysiology of wakefulness and sleep. Activating brai ...
... imaging. Ways of recording, methods of analysis, application. 16. Psychophysiological characteristics of functional status: definition, types and ways of objective diagnostics. Connection between functional status and working efficiency. 17. Psychophysiology of wakefulness and sleep. Activating brai ...
Neural network activation during a stopsignal task discriminates
... cocaine-dependent subjects were older (t = -4.98, P < 0.001), less educated (t = 6.02, P < 0.001), more likely to be African-American (c2 = 16.2, P = 0.001) and more likely to have been scanned at UAMS (c2 = 4.22, P = 0.04) compared with controls; there was no difference between these groups in SCID ...
... cocaine-dependent subjects were older (t = -4.98, P < 0.001), less educated (t = 6.02, P < 0.001), more likely to be African-American (c2 = 16.2, P = 0.001) and more likely to have been scanned at UAMS (c2 = 4.22, P = 0.04) compared with controls; there was no difference between these groups in SCID ...
Predicting Activation Across Individuals with Resting
... Alignment of function across individuals. Neuroimaging group-studies typically rely on registering structural imaging data of all subjects to a common template using software such as FreeSurfer [5], FSL [8], or SPM [1]. This establishes spatial correspondence across the population, and allows for lo ...
... Alignment of function across individuals. Neuroimaging group-studies typically rely on registering structural imaging data of all subjects to a common template using software such as FreeSurfer [5], FSL [8], or SPM [1]. This establishes spatial correspondence across the population, and allows for lo ...
uncorrected page page page proofs
... matter, are mostly nerve fibres that connect distant brain areas to one another. They have a fatty coating that produces the whitish appearance. White matter is found in abundance beneath the cortex. Two wing shaped cavities (ventricles) are also easily seen. These are in the cerebrum. They are the ...
... matter, are mostly nerve fibres that connect distant brain areas to one another. They have a fatty coating that produces the whitish appearance. White matter is found in abundance beneath the cortex. Two wing shaped cavities (ventricles) are also easily seen. These are in the cerebrum. They are the ...
Combining electroencephalographic activity and
... found in [68–70]. Briefly, we model the probability function of the next heartbeat given the past R-events. The probability function is fully parametrized to model its first-order moment. Importantly, as the probability function is defined at each moment in time, the parameter estimation is performe ...
... found in [68–70]. Briefly, we model the probability function of the next heartbeat given the past R-events. The probability function is fully parametrized to model its first-order moment. Importantly, as the probability function is defined at each moment in time, the parameter estimation is performe ...
Enhanced Pitch Sensitivity in Individuals with Autism: A Signal
... and the capacity of the clinical group to keep using the same memory system in the context of more demanding conditions, where comparison participants have to switch to a context-coding type of memory. This enhanced sensitivity in pitch discrimination and categorization may account for the general o ...
... and the capacity of the clinical group to keep using the same memory system in the context of more demanding conditions, where comparison participants have to switch to a context-coding type of memory. This enhanced sensitivity in pitch discrimination and categorization may account for the general o ...
online age page age page proofs proofs
... matter, are mostly nerve fibres that connect distant brain areas to one another. They have a fatty coating that produces the whitish appearance. White matter is found in abundance beneath the cortex. Two wing-shaped cavities (ventricles) are also easily seen. These are in the cerebrum. They are the ...
... matter, are mostly nerve fibres that connect distant brain areas to one another. They have a fatty coating that produces the whitish appearance. White matter is found in abundance beneath the cortex. Two wing-shaped cavities (ventricles) are also easily seen. These are in the cerebrum. They are the ...
cHaPter 3
... matter, are mostly nerve fibres that connect distant brain areas to one another. They have a fatty coating that produces the whitish appearance. White matter is found in abundance beneath the cortex. Two wing-shaped cavities (ventricles) are also easily seen. These are in the cerebrum. They are the ...
... matter, are mostly nerve fibres that connect distant brain areas to one another. They have a fatty coating that produces the whitish appearance. White matter is found in abundance beneath the cortex. Two wing-shaped cavities (ventricles) are also easily seen. These are in the cerebrum. They are the ...
Mental Imagery in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
... disorders that have a profound impact not only on the life of the people affected but also on their family, caregivers and society at large. It adds on to the financial burden on the health care system as well. According to WHO fact sheet 2013, every year, around the world, between 2,50,000 and 5,00 ...
... disorders that have a profound impact not only on the life of the people affected but also on their family, caregivers and society at large. It adds on to the financial burden on the health care system as well. According to WHO fact sheet 2013, every year, around the world, between 2,50,000 and 5,00 ...
Neural Mechanisms of Subclinical Depressive
... change from baseline. The same high-pass filtering applied to the functional data was applied to the GLM. Group-wise activation images were calculated by a mixed effects analysis using Bayesian estimation techniques, FMRIB Local Analysis of Mixed Effects [FILM, 41]. Group-level models, with mean-cen ...
... change from baseline. The same high-pass filtering applied to the functional data was applied to the GLM. Group-wise activation images were calculated by a mixed effects analysis using Bayesian estimation techniques, FMRIB Local Analysis of Mixed Effects [FILM, 41]. Group-level models, with mean-cen ...
Insula and Orbitofrontal Cortical Morphology in Substance
... of 34 cocaine-dependent subjects,19 compared with controls. One possibility for equivocal results may be methodologic. Many prior studies used voxel-based morphometry, which involves voxelwise tissue classification, normalization to a standard atlas, and statistical comparison to determine differenc ...
... of 34 cocaine-dependent subjects,19 compared with controls. One possibility for equivocal results may be methodologic. Many prior studies used voxel-based morphometry, which involves voxelwise tissue classification, normalization to a standard atlas, and statistical comparison to determine differenc ...
The Neuroscience of Spontaneous Thought: An Evolving
... processes by which thoughts are evoked (i.e. Smallwood & Schooler, 2006). For years, mindwandering has been defined as being either unrelated to the task at hand (as a task-unrelated thought) (e.g. Giambra, 1989) or as independent from external stimuli (as a stimulus-independent thought) (e.g. Teas ...
... processes by which thoughts are evoked (i.e. Smallwood & Schooler, 2006). For years, mindwandering has been defined as being either unrelated to the task at hand (as a task-unrelated thought) (e.g. Giambra, 1989) or as independent from external stimuli (as a stimulus-independent thought) (e.g. Teas ...
Motor Areas of the Medial Wall: A Review of Their Location and
... shifts in recent years. In the past, a single motor field, the supplementary motor area (SMA), was placed in area 6 on the medial wall. This area was thought to be preferentially involved in the generation of internally driven movements rather than sensory-guided movements (Goldberg, 1985; Okano and ...
... shifts in recent years. In the past, a single motor field, the supplementary motor area (SMA), was placed in area 6 on the medial wall. This area was thought to be preferentially involved in the generation of internally driven movements rather than sensory-guided movements (Goldberg, 1985; Okano and ...
A Symmetric Approach Elucidates Multisensory Information Integration
... the solitary tract of the awake, freely licking rat. A multisensory network for olfactory processing, via primary gustatory cortex connections to primary olfactory cortex, once again suggests that sensory processing may be more intrinsically integrative than previously thought [28]. In sum, the curr ...
... the solitary tract of the awake, freely licking rat. A multisensory network for olfactory processing, via primary gustatory cortex connections to primary olfactory cortex, once again suggests that sensory processing may be more intrinsically integrative than previously thought [28]. In sum, the curr ...
Module 1 - Doral Academy Preparatory
... • Researchers use all three methods – survey – case study – experiment • each method provides a different kind of information ...
... • Researchers use all three methods – survey – case study – experiment • each method provides a different kind of information ...
The Effect of Movement Rate and Complexity on
... Instead, these structures may be sensitive to changes in task complexity. At least two studies have shown no change in activity in the PMA and SMA with tapping rates between 0.5 and 4 Hz (Blinkenberg et al., 1996; Wexler et al., 1997). Sadato and colleagues showed a “reverse rate effect” in the SMA ...
... Instead, these structures may be sensitive to changes in task complexity. At least two studies have shown no change in activity in the PMA and SMA with tapping rates between 0.5 and 4 Hz (Blinkenberg et al., 1996; Wexler et al., 1997). Sadato and colleagues showed a “reverse rate effect” in the SMA ...