Electron Explorer
... chiefly through the recent development of nanotechnology. As the this development continues, new knowledge is acquired and the models of matter on the atomic level are ...
... chiefly through the recent development of nanotechnology. As the this development continues, new knowledge is acquired and the models of matter on the atomic level are ...
Theoretical Modeling of Molar Volume and Thermal Expansion
... lattice vibration in crystals, the role of lattice defects in thermal properties, the mechanism of phase transition and anharmonicity which can not be measured directly. For example, the thermal defects are frequently studied by simultaneously measuring the expansion of the lattice parameters and ma ...
... lattice vibration in crystals, the role of lattice defects in thermal properties, the mechanism of phase transition and anharmonicity which can not be measured directly. For example, the thermal defects are frequently studied by simultaneously measuring the expansion of the lattice parameters and ma ...
PDP-11 Formation of Closed Flux Surfaces in Reconnection Current
... where L is the characteristic length of current layer. In ST merging in the UTST experiment, toroidal magnetic field is 10-20 times larger than the typical reconnection magnetic field Br measured at the edge of the current layer, but it is much thicker than the electron gyroradius at the X-point. He ...
... where L is the characteristic length of current layer. In ST merging in the UTST experiment, toroidal magnetic field is 10-20 times larger than the typical reconnection magnetic field Br measured at the edge of the current layer, but it is much thicker than the electron gyroradius at the X-point. He ...
smart ceramics
... used shape memory metal is Nitinol, an alloy of nickel and titanium and it can be made to have a memory temperature anywhere between -100°C and +100°C simply by making the composition slightly more nickel or titanium rich. Nitinol has found applications in a wide range of areas from bone plates whic ...
... used shape memory metal is Nitinol, an alloy of nickel and titanium and it can be made to have a memory temperature anywhere between -100°C and +100°C simply by making the composition slightly more nickel or titanium rich. Nitinol has found applications in a wide range of areas from bone plates whic ...
typical and non-typical applications of magnetic sensors and actuators
... electrical energy needed to establish the coil current. When the coil current increases so does the magnetic field strength, H. That, in turn, leads to an increase in magnetic flux, . The increase in flux induces a voltage in the coil. It's the power needed to push the current into the coil against ...
... electrical energy needed to establish the coil current. When the coil current increases so does the magnetic field strength, H. That, in turn, leads to an increase in magnetic flux, . The increase in flux induces a voltage in the coil. It's the power needed to push the current into the coil against ...
FORCES ON CURRENT-CARRYING WIRES AND CHARGES IN
... magnets can snap together violently; any part of your body that is caught between the magnets may be severely injured. The current in the wire swing can now interact with the magnetic field and we can see what happens. Having digested this material (above), we can proceed. ...
... magnets can snap together violently; any part of your body that is caught between the magnets may be severely injured. The current in the wire swing can now interact with the magnetic field and we can see what happens. Having digested this material (above), we can proceed. ...
Manipulation of charged particles in discharge tubes
... The magnetic field surrounding a straight conductor carrying a current I can be visualized as a series of circles. The closer the lines are together, the stronger the magnetic field. A compass placed near the wire will align itself with the field lines. The direction of the magnetic field is determi ...
... The magnetic field surrounding a straight conductor carrying a current I can be visualized as a series of circles. The closer the lines are together, the stronger the magnetic field. A compass placed near the wire will align itself with the field lines. The direction of the magnetic field is determi ...
Magnetic field propagation in a two ion species planar plasma
... velocity distribution that corresponds to an effective ion temperature greater than 50 eV. Under these conditions the ionion collision frequency is of the order 4 ⫻ 106 s−1; namely, the time interval between collisions is of the order of the entire experiment duration 共300 ns兲. Possibly, there are o ...
... velocity distribution that corresponds to an effective ion temperature greater than 50 eV. Under these conditions the ionion collision frequency is of the order 4 ⫻ 106 s−1; namely, the time interval between collisions is of the order of the entire experiment duration 共300 ns兲. Possibly, there are o ...
Induction and Permeability
... When a magnet is passed through a coil there is a changing magnetic flux through the coil which induces an electromotive force, emf. According to Faraday's law of induction the induced emf, is given by; where B┴ is the magnetic field perpendicular to the area A and N is the number of turns in the ...
... When a magnet is passed through a coil there is a changing magnetic flux through the coil which induces an electromotive force, emf. According to Faraday's law of induction the induced emf, is given by; where B┴ is the magnetic field perpendicular to the area A and N is the number of turns in the ...
unit 25: magnetic fields
... To you alone . . . who seek knowledge, not from books only, but also from things themselves, do I address these magnetic principles and this new sort of philosophy. If any disagree with my opinion, let them at least take note of the experiments. . . and employ them to better use if they are able. Gi ...
... To you alone . . . who seek knowledge, not from books only, but also from things themselves, do I address these magnetic principles and this new sort of philosophy. If any disagree with my opinion, let them at least take note of the experiments. . . and employ them to better use if they are able. Gi ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-ISSN: 2278-4861.
... regauging reduces the set of Maxwell–Heaviside equations into a subset which discards open dissipative Maxwellian systems and retains only those in equilibrium [1]. However, the discarded class of Maxwellian systems contains all Maxwellian electromagnetic (EM) power systems exhibiting COP > 1, by fu ...
... regauging reduces the set of Maxwell–Heaviside equations into a subset which discards open dissipative Maxwellian systems and retains only those in equilibrium [1]. However, the discarded class of Maxwellian systems contains all Maxwellian electromagnetic (EM) power systems exhibiting COP > 1, by fu ...
Review of GAGUT.doc - Mathematics Department of SUNY Buffalo
... as existing separately even if a close causal correlation between the two types of field was provided by Maxwell’s field equations. But the special theory of relativity showed that this causal correlation corresponds to an essential identity of the two types of field. In fact, the same condition of ...
... as existing separately even if a close causal correlation between the two types of field was provided by Maxwell’s field equations. But the special theory of relativity showed that this causal correlation corresponds to an essential identity of the two types of field. In fact, the same condition of ...
Self-Consistent Supercell Band-Structure Calculations for the
... crease by 1.5 eV going from C d 16 to C d 15Xe. W ithin the rigid band model AQVp (EF) is still positive for C d 15Xe, see the Cd curves in Figure 4. We finally turn to a discussion of the EFG. To use (15) the expectation values < r_3) v must be known. These < /~ 3>v values are deduced from a relati ...
... crease by 1.5 eV going from C d 16 to C d 15Xe. W ithin the rigid band model AQVp (EF) is still positive for C d 15Xe, see the Cd curves in Figure 4. We finally turn to a discussion of the EFG. To use (15) the expectation values < r_3) v must be known. These < /~ 3>v values are deduced from a relati ...
A Quantum-Corrected Monte Carlo Study on Quasi
... pay attention if we apply (4) to a carrier transport simulation at the Si/SiO2 interface. Namely, the carrier density at the interface usually becomes very small due to a large potential barrier, and thus, the second-order space derivative of the carrier density tends to diverse at the interface. To ...
... pay attention if we apply (4) to a carrier transport simulation at the Si/SiO2 interface. Namely, the carrier density at the interface usually becomes very small due to a large potential barrier, and thus, the second-order space derivative of the carrier density tends to diverse at the interface. To ...
Simple spin-orbit based devices for electron spin polarization
... N = 9 links. In (a) g is plotted for fixed k as a function of λ while in (b) g is plotted for fixed λ as function of k. The pattern of the conductance is characterized by a series of peaks reflecting the mini-band structure commensurate with the number of links. As anticipated in our discussion abov ...
... N = 9 links. In (a) g is plotted for fixed k as a function of λ while in (b) g is plotted for fixed λ as function of k. The pattern of the conductance is characterized by a series of peaks reflecting the mini-band structure commensurate with the number of links. As anticipated in our discussion abov ...
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is a branch of physics that deals with the physical properties of condensed phases of matter. Condensed matter physicists seek to understand the behavior of these phases by using physical laws. In particular, these include the laws of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics.The most familiar condensed phases are solids and liquids, while more exotic condensed phases include the superconducting phase exhibited by certain materials at low temperature, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on atomic lattices, and the Bose–Einstein condensate found in cold atomic systems. The study of condensed matter physics involves measuring various material properties via experimental probes along with using techniques of theoretical physics to develop mathematical models that help in understanding physical behavior.The diversity of systems and phenomena available for study makes condensed matter physics the most active field of contemporary physics: one third of all American physicists identify themselves as condensed matter physicists, and the Division of Condensed Matter Physics is the largest division at the American Physical Society. The field overlaps with chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology, and relates closely to atomic physics and biophysics. Theoretical condensed matter physics shares important concepts and techniques with theoretical particle and nuclear physics.A variety of topics in physics such as crystallography, metallurgy, elasticity, magnetism, etc., were treated as distinct areas, until the 1940s when they were grouped together as solid state physics. Around the 1960s, the study of physical properties of liquids was added to this list, forming the basis for the new, related specialty of condensed matter physics. According to physicist Phil Anderson, the term was coined by him and Volker Heine when they changed the name of their group at the Cavendish Laboratories, Cambridge from ""Solid state theory"" to ""Theory of Condensed Matter"" in 1967, as they felt it did not exclude their interests in the study of liquids, nuclear matter and so on. Although Anderson and Heine helped popularize the name ""condensed matter"", it had been present in Europe for some years, most prominently in the form of a journal published in English, French, and German by Springer-Verlag titled Physics of Condensed Matter, which was launched in 1963. The funding environment and Cold War politics of the 1960s and 1970s were also factors that lead some physicists to prefer the name ""condensed matter physics"", which emphasized the commonality of scientific problems encountered by physicists working on solids, liquids, plasmas, and other complex matter, over ""solid state physics"", which was often associated with the industrial applications of metals and semiconductors. The Bell Telephone Laboratories was one of the first institutes to conduct a research program in condensed matter physics.References to ""condensed"" state can be traced to earlier sources. For example, in the introduction to his 1947 ""Kinetic theory of liquids"" book, Yakov Frenkel proposed that ""The kinetic theory of liquids must accordingly be developed as a generalization and extension of the kinetic theory of solid bodies"". As a matter of fact, it would be more correct to unify them under the title of ""condensed bodies"".