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THE CONGRUENT NUMBER PROBLEM 1. Introduction
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... Example 3.4. Since Fermat showed 1 and 2 are not congruent numbers, there is no arithmetic progression of 3 rational squares with common difference 1 or 2 (or, more generally, common difference a nonzero square or twice a nonzero square). We now can explain the origin of the peculiar name “congruent ...
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... by Daniel C, Fielder and Paul S, Brackman Members^ The Fibonacci Association In 1965, Brother Alfred Brousseau, under the auspices of The Fibonacci Association, compiled a twovolume set of Fibonacci entry points and related data for the primes 2 through 99,907. This set is currendy available from Th ...
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... is convex, balanced, and linearly open, the set {c ∈ R | cv ∈ C} is an open interval around 0 in R. Hence if v lies in C , there exists (1 + ε)v ∈ C also, and therefore kvkC ≤ 1/(1 + ε) < 1. Conversely, suppose kvkC = r < 1. If r = 0, then cv lies in C for all c in R. Otherwise, v/r is on the bounda ...
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Fundamental theorem of algebra

The fundamental theorem of algebra states that every non-constant single-variable polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one complex root. This includes polynomials with real coefficients, since every real number is a complex number with an imaginary part equal to zero.Equivalently (by definition), the theorem states that the field of complex numbers is algebraically closed.The theorem is also stated as follows: every non-zero, single-variable, degree n polynomial with complex coefficients has, counted with multiplicity, exactly n roots. The equivalence of the two statements can be proven through the use of successive polynomial division.In spite of its name, there is no purely algebraic proof of the theorem, since any proof must use the completeness of the reals (or some other equivalent formulation of completeness), which is not an algebraic concept. Additionally, it is not fundamental for modern algebra; its name was given at a time when the study of algebra was mainly concerned with the solutions of polynomial equations with real or complex coefficients.
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