
What We Need to Know about Rings and Modules
... 5. 0 6= 1. (This implies R has at least two elements.) 6. For any x ∈ R there is a unique −x ∈ R so that x + (−x) = 0. (This element is called the negative of x. And from now on we write x + (−y) as x − y.) We will usually just refer to “the commutative ring R” rather than “the commutative ring (R, ...
... 5. 0 6= 1. (This implies R has at least two elements.) 6. For any x ∈ R there is a unique −x ∈ R so that x + (−x) = 0. (This element is called the negative of x. And from now on we write x + (−y) as x − y.) We will usually just refer to “the commutative ring R” rather than “the commutative ring (R, ...
Section 1.2 - The Commutative, Associative, and
... Additive Inverse (Opposite) For every real number a there exists a real number, denoted (–a), such that a a 0 ...
... Additive Inverse (Opposite) For every real number a there exists a real number, denoted (–a), such that a a 0 ...
Full text
... We let Fn represent the nth Fibonacci number. In [2] and [3] we find relationships between the Fibonacci numbers and their associated matrices. The purpose of this paper is to develop relationships between the generalized Fibonacci numbers and the permanent of a (0,1)-matrix. The kgeneralizedFibonac ...
... We let Fn represent the nth Fibonacci number. In [2] and [3] we find relationships between the Fibonacci numbers and their associated matrices. The purpose of this paper is to develop relationships between the generalized Fibonacci numbers and the permanent of a (0,1)-matrix. The kgeneralizedFibonac ...