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5.4.2 Solving Systems Algebraically
5.4.2 Solving Systems Algebraically

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... 3. A circle is defined by a point at its center and a radius extending from this point 4. All right angles are congruent 5. Through a point not on a line, there is only one other line parallel to the line. ...
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... Solution Since the coefficient of the first term is 6, this problem is more difficult than the previous two. Although there is a more systematic way to factor this polynomial, it is simple enough to notice that the factors of 6 are 1 and 6 or 2 and 3. Check all the possibilities such as (p + 6)(6p + ...
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Universiteit Leiden Super-multiplicativity of ideal norms in number

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Square Free Factorization for the integers and beyond

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Asymptotic Enumeration of Reversible Maps Regardless of Genus

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... in Figure 5 (a), where P1 , P2 , P3 are paths in G . We distinguish the following three cases: Case 1. At least one of P1 , P2 and P3 , say P2 has length not less than 3 . Let e1 and e2 be the edges on P2 incident with u and v , respectively. Then G − {e1 , e2 } = G1 + G2 , where G1 is a unicyclic g ...
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Solving Quadratic Equations by the Diagonal Sum Method

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Quasisymmetric rigidity for Sierpinski carpets

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Classical and intuitionistic relation algebras

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Logic and Mathematical Reasoning

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Fundamental theorem of algebra

The fundamental theorem of algebra states that every non-constant single-variable polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one complex root. This includes polynomials with real coefficients, since every real number is a complex number with an imaginary part equal to zero.Equivalently (by definition), the theorem states that the field of complex numbers is algebraically closed.The theorem is also stated as follows: every non-zero, single-variable, degree n polynomial with complex coefficients has, counted with multiplicity, exactly n roots. The equivalence of the two statements can be proven through the use of successive polynomial division.In spite of its name, there is no purely algebraic proof of the theorem, since any proof must use the completeness of the reals (or some other equivalent formulation of completeness), which is not an algebraic concept. Additionally, it is not fundamental for modern algebra; its name was given at a time when the study of algebra was mainly concerned with the solutions of polynomial equations with real or complex coefficients.
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