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Book Review: The Aspirin Wars: Money, Medicine, and 100 Years of
Book Review: The Aspirin Wars: Money, Medicine, and 100 Years of

... Products, a West Virginia firm that had previously specialized in the sale of heavily advertised nostrums such as laxatives and cures for impotence. When the U.S. patent on Aspirin expired in 1915, another firm began to market an identical product under the name "Aspirin." Sterling subsequently brou ...
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Protecting Public Health from Outside the Physician`s Office: A

... promotion. This part will examine the various social events that have led to broadening amendments in FDA law over the past century, including the rise of the generic drug industry and the FDA’s powerful influence over the commercial and marketing warfare between branded pharmaceutical and generic d ...
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Predicting drug pharmacokinetics in humans from in vitro

... P450. While P450-containing systems are found throughout all kingdoms of life, some organisms lack one or more of these redox domains completely. Here, we review the current state of the affairs in the light of data that became available as a result of the genomic revolution and the progress in stru ...
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The Translational Research Cycle – Example in Infectious Diseases
The Translational Research Cycle – Example in Infectious Diseases

... will increase the clearance of the sedative, midazolam, by 10-fold or more. Midazolam is cleared almost exclusively through metabolism via CYP3A4. Most first-line antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, including the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor nevirapine and the protease inhibitor lopinavir ...
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... have been suspected of playing a role in the emergence of breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease. The potential risks have been evaluated by numerous international expert groups over the last 10 years (World Health Organization, US Food and Drug Administration, American Cancer Society, French Health ...
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... body; toxic effects found in the animal studies Reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board. Progress reports on clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA ...
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... hypokalemia, preexisting cardiac conditions, and coadministration of drugs that prolong the QT interval or inhibit metabolism. On the other hand, experiments with cloned human myocytes have shown that rupatadine can cause concentration-, time-, and voltage-dependent blockade of hKv1.5 channels invol ...
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Biosimilar

A biosimilar (also known as follow-on biologic or subsequent entry biologic) is a biologic medical product which is a copy of an original product that is manufactured by a different company. Biosimilars are officially approved versions of original ""innovator"" products, and can be manufactured when the original product's patent expires. Reference to the innovator product is an integral component of the approval.Unlike the more common small-molecule drugs, biologics generally exhibit high molecular complexity, and may be quite sensitive to changes in manufacturing processes. Follow-on manufacturers do not have access to the originator's molecular clone and original cell bank, nor to the exact fermentation and purification process, nor to the active drug substance. They do have access to the commercialized innovator product.Drug related authorities such as European Medicines Agency (EMA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Health Canada hold their own guidance on requirements for demonstration of the similar nature of two biological products in terms of safety and efficacy. According to them, analytical studies that demonstrate that the biological product is highly similar to the reference product notwithstanding minor differences in clinically inactive components; animal studies (including the assessment of toxicity); and a clinical study or studies (including the assessment of immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics) that are sufficient to demonstrate safety, purity, and potency in one or more appropriate conditions of use for which the reference product is licensed and intended to be used and for which licensure is sought for the biological product.In case of a monoclonal antibody-containing medicinal product, such as Remsima, extensive physicochemical and biological characterization for it and its reference product Remicade was conducted in order to demonstrate their highly similar properties. Consequently, EMA have granted a marketing authorisation for only a few numbers of biosimilars since 2006 including a monoclonal antibody which is recently approved. Meanwhile, on March 6, 2015, the FDA approved the United States's first biosimilar product, the biosimilar filgrastim Zarxio.
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