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M. van Bruinessen New perspectives on Southeast Asian Islam? In
M. van Bruinessen New perspectives on Southeast Asian Islam? In

... concept of modernization is stripped of its more normative and debatable aspects, and Von der Mehden retains only two core elements: technological development and the maintenance ofa modern nation state. In successive chapters he then discusses the (potentially) positive and negative effects of his ...
Lesson 9 The Teachings of Islam
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... and Beyond. Have students read Section 9.1. Make sure they understand the meanings of the boldfaced key terms, which are defined in the Glossary. Explain that in this chapter they will learn about the teachings of Islam and how they influenced the people living under Muslim rule in medieval times an ...
War and Islamic Humanitarian Law
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Radicalisation and Counter Radicalisation: Causes and Policies
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... is a compulsory obligation to defend Muslim communities under attack. This is a concept that is not exclusively embraced by radical Muslims; in fact modernist Muslim scholars such as Sayyid Ahmed Khan accept the obligation of offensive jihad whilst believing Islam and the Western world could co-exis ...
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... warriors from the Middle East across the Mediterranean, the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, and throughout the vast Indian Ocean trading system. ...
Is Islam Peaceful or Violent: Comparing Islam and Christianity to
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... will be able to say that we are living in an enlightened age. These views of Marx and Kant were more relevant to Europe only. Muslim world provided a socially, economically and politically just system to the world for at least 50 years in the rule of Caliphates. In the period after caliphates too, ...
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... The split into Sunni and Shiite Muslims occurred as a result of disputes which arose after the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 AD. Faced with the question of who should lead the Muslim community (umma) and on what grounds, Muslims argued over whether the leader had to be a member of the prophet ...
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... esteem. Likewise, it made society replete with such justice and piety that no parallel can be found for it. At the same time, the Qur’an urged them to make progress which led to making such a progress that was unique in history.3 Aside from the Glorious Qur’an, another factor contributing to the spr ...
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... Camel, (kindness and respect for all of Allah’s creatures); Muhammad (pbuh) and the Spider, (be strong in faith, pray in all situations, particularly times of crisis, do not be afraid and trust in Allah); Muhammad (pbuh) and the Birds, (respect for Allah’s creatures, the extent of Allah’s love for h ...
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... that aligned with the thesis presented. In an article titled ‘Why we hate you & why we fight you’, the movement mocks the contortions (and perceived motivations) of Western commentators in their efforts to find alternative, temporal explanations for Salafi-jihadist violence, asserting that: Many Wes ...
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Democracy in Islam
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... reach the parliament or attain leadership if he is poor. In Islam, to be voted as a ruler or governor doesn't require of you to be wealthy. Leaders like Abu Baker, Omar, etc. despite ruling Muslims for a long time, died while they were poor. The only qualifications that any candidate should have are ...
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Dhimmi

A dhimmī (Arabic: ذمي‎ ḏimmī, IPA: [ˈðɪmmiː], collectively أهل الذمة ahl al-ḏimmah/dhimmah ""the people of the dhimma"") is a historical term referring to non-Muslim citizens of an Islamic state. The word literally means ""protected person."" According to scholars, dhimmis had their rights fully protected in their communities, but as citizens in the Islamic state, had certain restrictions, and it was obligatory for them to pay the jizya tax. Dhimmis were excluded from specific duties assigned to Muslims, and did not enjoy certain political rights reserved for Muslims, but were otherwise equal under the laws of property, contract, and obligation. They were also exempted from the zakat tax paid by Muslims and from obligatory military service for all able bodied men.Under sharia, the dhimmi communities were usually subjected to their own special laws, rather than some of the laws which were applicable only to the Muslim community. For example, the Jewish community in Medina was allowed to have its own Halakha courts, and the Ottoman millet system allowed its various dhimmi communities to rule themselves under separate legal courts. These courts did not cover cases that involved religious groups outside of their own community, or capital offences. Dhimmi communities were also allowed to engage in certain practices that were usually forbidden for the Muslim community, such as the consumption of alcohol and pork.Historically, dhimmi status was originally applied to Jews, Christians, and Sabians. This status later also came to be applied to Zoroastrians, Mandaeans, Hindus, and Buddhists. Eventually, the Hanafi, the largest school of Islamic jurisprudence, and the Maliki, the second largest school of Islamic jurisprudence, applied this term to all non-Muslims living in Islamic lands outside the sacred area surrounding Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia. Some modern Hanafi scholars, however, do not make any legal distinction between a non-Muslim dhimmi and a Muslim citizen.The overwhelming majority of moderate Muslims reject the dhimma system as ahistorical, in the sense that it is inappropriate for the age of nation-states and democracies.
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