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preventive therapy for migraine headache
preventive therapy for migraine headache

... eadache is one of the most common medical complaints. It is estimated that the prevalence of migraine is approximately 13% (18% of women and 6%–7% of men).1 Most patients with migraine require pharmacologic treatment.1 Migraine headaches cause significant pain and disability, in addition to substant ...
Neurological disorders: public health challenges
Neurological disorders: public health challenges

... for one identical twin to suffer from dementia and the other not. This implies a strong influence of the environment (6). Evidence from cross-sectional and case–control studies suggests associations between AD and limited education (7 ) and head injury (8, 9), which, however, are only partly supporte ...
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Gynaecological Cancers in Europe
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... team. Treatment decisions will be influenced by a woman’s age and the stage, grade and increasingly the genetics of her cancer. There are also continuing inequalities both between and within European countries in cancer risk, detection and treatment. If we are to improve outcomes in women’s gynaecol ...
Breast Cancer Knowledge and Screening Behaviour
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CHRONIC DISEASES a vital investment
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The Kenyan National Retinoblastoma Strategy
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... herpetic neuralgia (PHN), but no longer have active lesions are not infectious. Signs and Symptoms The first sign of shingles is typically pain, itching, or tingling in the affected skin usually 1 to 4 days before the rash appears. Headache, fever, photo phobia and myalgia may also occur at this sta ...
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Preventive healthcare

Preventive healthcare (alternately preventive medicine or prophylaxis) consists of measures taken for disease prevention, as opposed to disease treatment. Just as health encompasses a variety of physical and mental states, so do disease and disability, which are affected by environmental factors, genetic predisposition, disease agents, and lifestyle choices. Health, disease, and disability are dynamic processes which begin before individuals realize they are affected. Disease prevention relies on anticipatory actions that can be categorized as primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.Each year, millions of people die preventable deaths. A 2004 study showed that about half of all deaths in the United States in 2000 were due to preventable behaviors and exposures. Leading causes included cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, unintentional injuries, diabetes, and certain infectious diseases. This same study estimates that 400,000 people die each year in the United States due to poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle. According to estimates made by the World Health Organization (WHO), about 55 million people died worldwide in 2011, two thirds of this group from non-communicable diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular and lung diseases. This is an increase from the year 2000, during which 60% of deaths were attributed to these diseases. Preventive healthcare is especially important given the worldwide rise in prevalence of chronic diseases and deaths from these diseases.There are many methods for prevention of disease. It is recommended that adults and children aim to visit their doctor for regular check-ups, even if they feel healthy, to perform disease screening, identify risk factors for disease, discuss tips for a healthy and balanced lifestyle, stay up to date with immunizations and boosters, and maintain a good relationship with a healthcare provider. Some common disease screenings include checking for hypertension (high blood pressure), hyperglycemia (high blood sugar, a risk factor for diabetes mellitus), hypercholesterolemia (high blood cholesterol), screening for colon cancer, depression, HIV and other common types of sexually transmitted disease such as chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea, mammography (to screen for breast cancer), colorectal cancer screening, a pap test (to check for cervical cancer), and screening for osteoporosis. Genetic testing can also be performed to screen for mutations that cause genetic disorders or predisposition to certain diseases such as breast or ovarian cancer. However, these measures are not affordable for every individual and the cost effectiveness of preventive healthcare is still a topic of debate.
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