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Heterogeneity and Portfolio Choice: Theory and
Heterogeneity and Portfolio Choice: Theory and

Catching a Falling Knife
Catching a Falling Knife

... of protection and preclude margin calls and should be blended with swaps and sold options to provide an optimal level of protection that uses a mix of cash and counterparty credit and limits margin call exposure. Commodity hedging programs must also address the issue of basis and hedging index. The ...
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Premium Margins and Managing the - mynl.com

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Xinfu Chen Mathematical Finance II - Pitt Mathematics
Xinfu Chen Mathematical Finance II - Pitt Mathematics

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... for a larger and larger share of assets. These individuals are more tech-savvy and, in many cases, conduct business primarily through digital channels, including mobile, with less emphasis on face-to-face contact. • The Rise of Low-Cost Providers. New vehicles – and new firms with innovative business ...
Review for Exam 3
Review for Exam 3

... d. spreading an investment across many diverse assets will eliminate all of the risk. e. spreading an investment across many diverse assets will eliminate some of the risk. EXPECTED RETURN 10. You are considering purchasing stock S. This stock has an expected return of 8 percent if the economy booms ...
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Estimating the Expected Marginal Rate of Substitution

Morningstar`s 2016 Fundamentals for Investors
Morningstar`s 2016 Fundamentals for Investors

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Data Mining, Arbitraged Away, or Here to Stay?

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The Predictability of Real Estate Returns and Market

... various asset returns and real estate is sufficient to allow an investor to construct a market timing strategy that would lead to superior investment performance.2 Our study employs the multi-factor latent-variable model of Lin and Mei (1992) to predict the time variation of expected excess returns ...
Stochastic pension funding when the benefit and the risky asset
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asset value guarantees under equity-based products
asset value guarantees under equity-based products

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Hedging strategies in energy markets: The case of electricity retailers
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MACRO HEDGING OF INTEREST RATE RISK INTRODUCTION

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Download (PDF)

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TESTING THE THREE FACTOR MODEL IN TURKEY
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Inflation Risk, Exchange Rate Risk, And Asset Returns: Evidence
Inflation Risk, Exchange Rate Risk, And Asset Returns: Evidence

... understand that assets in all markets are exposed to the same set of risk factors with the risk premia on each factor being the same in all markets. In this case, e.g., Adler and Dumas (1983) have shown that the global value-weighted market portfolio is the relevant risk factor to consider. However, ...
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Modern portfolio theory

Modern portfolio theory (MPT) is a theory of finance that attempts to maximize portfolio expected return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of expected return, by carefully choosing the proportions of various assets. Although MPT is widely used in practice in the financial industry and several of its creators won a Nobel memorial prize for the theory, in recent years the basic assumptions of MPT have been widely challenged by fields such as behavioral economics.MPT is a mathematical formulation of the concept of diversification in investing, with the aim of selecting a collection of investment assets that has lower overall risk than any other combination of assets with the same expected return. This is possible, intuitively speaking, because different types of assets sometimes change in value in opposite directions. For example, to the extent prices in the stock market move differently from prices in the bond market, a combination of both types of assets can in theory generate lower overall risk than either individually. Diversification can lower risk even if assets' returns are positively correlated.More technically, MPT models an asset's return as a normally or elliptically distributed random variable, defines risk as the standard deviation of return, and models a portfolio as a weighted combination of assets, so that the return of a portfolio is the weighted combination of the assets' returns. By combining different assets whose returns are not perfectly positively correlated, MPT seeks to reduce the total variance of the portfolio return. MPT also assumes that investors are rational and markets are efficient.MPT was developed in the 1950s through the early 1970s and was considered an important advance in the mathematical modeling of finance. Since then, some theoretical and practical criticisms have been leveled against it. These include evidence that financial returns do not follow a normal distribution or indeed any symmetric distribution, and that correlations between asset classes are not fixed but can vary depending on external events (especially in crises). Further, there remains evidence that investors are not rational and markets may not be efficient. Finally, the low volatility anomaly conflicts with CAPM's trade-off assumption of higher risk for higher return. It states that a portfolio consisting of low volatility equities (like blue chip stocks) reaps higher risk-adjusted returns than a portfolio with high volatility equities (like illiquid penny stocks). A study conducted by Myron Scholes, Michael Jensen, and Fischer Black in 1972 suggests that the relationship between return and beta might be flat or even negatively correlated.
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