Mapping Pavlovian Conditioning Effects on the Brain: Blocking
... (CA1), cerebellum, caudate putamen, and solitary nucleus. Contiguity effects may be due to tone-shock pairings common to the toneblocked and -excitor groups rather than their different CER. And 3) excitatory effects: FDG uptake increases limited to the tone-excitor group occurred in a circuit linked ...
... (CA1), cerebellum, caudate putamen, and solitary nucleus. Contiguity effects may be due to tone-shock pairings common to the toneblocked and -excitor groups rather than their different CER. And 3) excitatory effects: FDG uptake increases limited to the tone-excitor group occurred in a circuit linked ...
Sustained conditioned responses in prelimbic prefrontal neurons are
... and extinction. tracked across conditioning, extinction, and recall phases by applying cluster Materials and Methods boundaries and manually checking for goodness of fit. Timestamps of neural spiking and flags for the occurrence of tones and shocks were imported to Subjects. Male Sprague Dawley rats ...
... and extinction. tracked across conditioning, extinction, and recall phases by applying cluster Materials and Methods boundaries and manually checking for goodness of fit. Timestamps of neural spiking and flags for the occurrence of tones and shocks were imported to Subjects. Male Sprague Dawley rats ...
“Attention for Action” and “Response Selection” in Primate Anterior
... The isolated unit signals were acquired digitally by the TEMPO system at 1 kHz only during successful trials. This system was also set up to record the horizontal and vertical eye positions, electromyograph (EMG), and other task-related events simultaneously. The EMG (amplified at 50,000fold gain, f ...
... The isolated unit signals were acquired digitally by the TEMPO system at 1 kHz only during successful trials. This system was also set up to record the horizontal and vertical eye positions, electromyograph (EMG), and other task-related events simultaneously. The EMG (amplified at 50,000fold gain, f ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Ignoring the criticism on the “golden rule” for a moment, three elements are important when trying to asses the relationship between a tumor and an eloquent cortical area. Using Anatomical Landmarks to Identify the Location of Functional Areas First, in case of undistorted anatomy, eloquent cortical ...
... Ignoring the criticism on the “golden rule” for a moment, three elements are important when trying to asses the relationship between a tumor and an eloquent cortical area. Using Anatomical Landmarks to Identify the Location of Functional Areas First, in case of undistorted anatomy, eloquent cortical ...
Whisker sensory system – From receptor to decision
... The efficiency of the primate visual system in extracting meaning from visual scenes is well-known. For instance, in a task where subjects must decide whether a briefly flashed photograph of a natural scene contains a target category such as an animal or food, monkeys can accurately respond as early as ...
... The efficiency of the primate visual system in extracting meaning from visual scenes is well-known. For instance, in a task where subjects must decide whether a briefly flashed photograph of a natural scene contains a target category such as an animal or food, monkeys can accurately respond as early as ...
Winstanley et al. - Rudolf Cardinal
... (Parkinson et al., 2000). Because BLA-lesioned rats strongly prefirst behavioral evidence of a dissociation between the functional ferred the large reward in the absence of delays, it is unlikely that role of these two areas in modulating cognition and also delinimpulsive choice occurred simply beca ...
... (Parkinson et al., 2000). Because BLA-lesioned rats strongly prefirst behavioral evidence of a dissociation between the functional ferred the large reward in the absence of delays, it is unlikely that role of these two areas in modulating cognition and also delinimpulsive choice occurred simply beca ...
Lights, Camembert, Action! - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... instances.33 However, given that in many cases, animals (including humans) can distinguish a predictive cue from the UCS itself, as indicated by distinct behavioral responses in these two cases, it seems likely from that there are at least two distinct associative mechanisms in the brain, one based ...
... instances.33 However, given that in many cases, animals (including humans) can distinguish a predictive cue from the UCS itself, as indicated by distinct behavioral responses in these two cases, it seems likely from that there are at least two distinct associative mechanisms in the brain, one based ...
Author`s personal copy
... criteria (including cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture, and connectivity patterns) and functional criteria such as tuning properties [13,21,24,25]. A logical consequence of this principle is that any individual anatomically or functionally defined area will contain no more than a single representat ...
... criteria (including cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture, and connectivity patterns) and functional criteria such as tuning properties [13,21,24,25]. A logical consequence of this principle is that any individual anatomically or functionally defined area will contain no more than a single representat ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... Detection of the cue enables proactive switching in which the behavior can continue to be optimal even on switch trials. In a social context, the cue might be a change in facial expression or gaze direction of one’s partner or manager [7]. It should be emphasized that the subject has to discover the ...
... Detection of the cue enables proactive switching in which the behavior can continue to be optimal even on switch trials. In a social context, the cue might be a change in facial expression or gaze direction of one’s partner or manager [7]. It should be emphasized that the subject has to discover the ...
Anxiety Disorders 2017 Class Handouts
... establish the brain regions that are involved in these two types of learning. In the case of contextual learning, both the hippocampus and the amygdala are required, with the hippocampus involved in learning the spatial cues of the cage, whereas the amygdala is involved in the fear memories themselv ...
... establish the brain regions that are involved in these two types of learning. In the case of contextual learning, both the hippocampus and the amygdala are required, with the hippocampus involved in learning the spatial cues of the cage, whereas the amygdala is involved in the fear memories themselv ...
Full-Text PDF
... quantitative and can be compared across groups and individuals to look at differences in WM structure. For more detailed overviews of DT-MRI concepts, see Le Bihan et al., (2001) [20] and Jones (2008) [21]. Currently, there are no standard conventions regarding the analysis of DT-MRI data, rather th ...
... quantitative and can be compared across groups and individuals to look at differences in WM structure. For more detailed overviews of DT-MRI concepts, see Le Bihan et al., (2001) [20] and Jones (2008) [21]. Currently, there are no standard conventions regarding the analysis of DT-MRI data, rather th ...
Kandel and Schwartz, 4th Edition Principles of Neural Science Chap
... one or another kind of stimulus and encode information about the stimulus, such as its location and intensity. The receptors in turn excite sensory neurons that form connections with discrete sets of neurons in the spinal cord. The information from each receptor is then analyzed in the brain stem, ...
... one or another kind of stimulus and encode information about the stimulus, such as its location and intensity. The receptors in turn excite sensory neurons that form connections with discrete sets of neurons in the spinal cord. The information from each receptor is then analyzed in the brain stem, ...
Turning on the alarm - Center for Healthy Minds
... transition from innocuous to painful levels of sensation will help us understand not only the neural response to danger but potentially conditions like chronic pain which are characterized by pain that does not provide any adaptively salient information. The primary objective of this study was to pr ...
... transition from innocuous to painful levels of sensation will help us understand not only the neural response to danger but potentially conditions like chronic pain which are characterized by pain that does not provide any adaptively salient information. The primary objective of this study was to pr ...
Brief neonatal maternal separation alters extinction of conditioned
... all trials, the duration of freezing (defined as the absence of any visible movements except that due to breathing) during the tone was measured with a digital stopwatch by an observer blind to experimental conditions. Percent freezing (seconds spent freezing/ 30 s) during habituation, fear condition ...
... all trials, the duration of freezing (defined as the absence of any visible movements except that due to breathing) during the tone was measured with a digital stopwatch by an observer blind to experimental conditions. Percent freezing (seconds spent freezing/ 30 s) during habituation, fear condition ...
Relative timing: from behaviour to neurons
... Figure 1. Hypothetical psychometric function from a temporal order judgement (TOJ) experiment. Two stimuli (A and B) are presented with a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). Subject’s probability of reporting stimulus A appearing first is plotted as a function of SOA, defined as ‘stimulus A ...
... Figure 1. Hypothetical psychometric function from a temporal order judgement (TOJ) experiment. Two stimuli (A and B) are presented with a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). Subject’s probability of reporting stimulus A appearing first is plotted as a function of SOA, defined as ‘stimulus A ...
Neural effects of positive and negative incentives during marijuana
... monetary loss in healthy individuals [21]. Neuroimaging studies have also suggested that reward-motivation systems are differentially affected by drug-seeking behavior, such as withdrawal [22]. For example, smokers in withdrawal showed greater activation in brain regions for incentive salience durin ...
... monetary loss in healthy individuals [21]. Neuroimaging studies have also suggested that reward-motivation systems are differentially affected by drug-seeking behavior, such as withdrawal [22]. For example, smokers in withdrawal showed greater activation in brain regions for incentive salience durin ...
The Neural Architecture Underlying Habit Learning: An Evolving
... reasonable that this elaborate biological structure underpinned such complex functions. The excitement came with the new findings from microelectrode recordings made by Mountcastle and Hubel and Wiesel and others — recordings that showed that the functional organization of the neocortex was related ...
... reasonable that this elaborate biological structure underpinned such complex functions. The excitement came with the new findings from microelectrode recordings made by Mountcastle and Hubel and Wiesel and others — recordings that showed that the functional organization of the neocortex was related ...
Understanding Structural-Functional Relationships in the Human
... SC-FC correlations across the cerebral cortex. For example, Koch and others (2002) compared white matter SC with R-fMRI FC within a single axial slice of the human brain and reported that the regions that are linked by dense SC tend to also be strongly connected functionally. These authors also show ...
... SC-FC correlations across the cerebral cortex. For example, Koch and others (2002) compared white matter SC with R-fMRI FC within a single axial slice of the human brain and reported that the regions that are linked by dense SC tend to also be strongly connected functionally. These authors also show ...
Supplementary Information (doc 1146K)
... 2-sample t-test was performed over the remaining training data 2) the features were ranked by absolute t-score and the top N were selected 3) these selected features were then used to predict the class of the withheld test examples during the classification stage. For classification in the replicati ...
... 2-sample t-test was performed over the remaining training data 2) the features were ranked by absolute t-score and the top N were selected 3) these selected features were then used to predict the class of the withheld test examples during the classification stage. For classification in the replicati ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building representations. ...
... Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building representations. ...
Time Related Effects on Functional Brain Connectivity After
... method) [Greve and Fischl, 2009; Smith, 2002]. The T1weighted scans were non-linearly registered to the MNI 152 standard space (the Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada) using FMRIB’s Nonlinear Image Registration Tool. Registration parameters were estimated on non-smoothed data to t ...
... method) [Greve and Fischl, 2009; Smith, 2002]. The T1weighted scans were non-linearly registered to the MNI 152 standard space (the Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada) using FMRIB’s Nonlinear Image Registration Tool. Registration parameters were estimated on non-smoothed data to t ...
Vigneau et al.
... investigations to propose a synthesis of functional imaging results within a given theoretical frame. These latter reviews are based on a fine-grained analysis of the paradigms and provide important insights on the neural representation of language. However, they describe functional anatomy of langu ...
... investigations to propose a synthesis of functional imaging results within a given theoretical frame. These latter reviews are based on a fine-grained analysis of the paradigms and provide important insights on the neural representation of language. However, they describe functional anatomy of langu ...
Strategy-dependent Dissociation of the Neural
... T is well known that cognition influences pain perception.1 Cognitive strategies use this concept and are used for day-to-day pain management by patients with chronic pain.2– 4 They reduce pain by addressing psychologic influences5 through techniques such as diversion of attention, reappraisal, imag ...
... T is well known that cognition influences pain perception.1 Cognitive strategies use this concept and are used for day-to-day pain management by patients with chronic pain.2– 4 They reduce pain by addressing psychologic influences5 through techniques such as diversion of attention, reappraisal, imag ...
Neural Effects of Positive and Negative Incentives during
... monetary loss in healthy individuals [21]. Neuroimaging studies have also suggested that reward-motivation systems are differentially affected by drug-seeking behavior, such as withdrawal [22]. For example, smokers in withdrawal showed greater activation in brain regions for incentive salience durin ...
... monetary loss in healthy individuals [21]. Neuroimaging studies have also suggested that reward-motivation systems are differentially affected by drug-seeking behavior, such as withdrawal [22]. For example, smokers in withdrawal showed greater activation in brain regions for incentive salience durin ...
Dynamic relationships between age, beta
... metabolism and amyloid-b deposition, we tested whether and how life-long changes in glucose metabolism relate to amyloid-b deposition and Alzheimer’s disease-related hypometabolism. Nine healthy young adults (age range: 20–30), 96 cognitively normal older adults (age range: 61–96), and 20 patients w ...
... metabolism and amyloid-b deposition, we tested whether and how life-long changes in glucose metabolism relate to amyloid-b deposition and Alzheimer’s disease-related hypometabolism. Nine healthy young adults (age range: 20–30), 96 cognitively normal older adults (age range: 61–96), and 20 patients w ...