chapter 11 the somatosensory system and topographic organization
... point of stimulation; surrounding the peak is a trough of inhibition. The stacked graphs on the right compare activity evoked by 2-point stimulation of the skin across one dimension of the 2-D neuronal array under two different sets of conditions - with lateral inhibition (left-front) and without la ...
... point of stimulation; surrounding the peak is a trough of inhibition. The stacked graphs on the right compare activity evoked by 2-point stimulation of the skin across one dimension of the 2-D neuronal array under two different sets of conditions - with lateral inhibition (left-front) and without la ...
Canonical Neural Computation: A Summary and a Roadmap A
... normalization circuits transform attentional feedback signals into improved sensory processing? As detailed in Kevan Martin’s talk, a great deal is known about the anatomical structure of the cortical laminar circuit. And, progress is being made in this direction using reduced preparations, such as ...
... normalization circuits transform attentional feedback signals into improved sensory processing? As detailed in Kevan Martin’s talk, a great deal is known about the anatomical structure of the cortical laminar circuit. And, progress is being made in this direction using reduced preparations, such as ...
Decoding visual consciousness from human
... relationship between physical and perceptual contrast is maintained in the responses of cells in primary visual cortex (dotted line, fMRI signals from V1 [26]; dashed line, average single cell in V1 [79]; solid line, model derived from behavioural psychophysics [80]). Thus, it is possible to decode ...
... relationship between physical and perceptual contrast is maintained in the responses of cells in primary visual cortex (dotted line, fMRI signals from V1 [26]; dashed line, average single cell in V1 [79]; solid line, model derived from behavioural psychophysics [80]). Thus, it is possible to decode ...
Psychiatry`s age of enlightenment
... recent paper, Tye and colleagues12 used the spatial and temporal precision of optogenetics to target basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons and optically stimulate them based on their connectivity to other amygdala subnuclei. Optical stimulation of BLA terminals (and not somata) within the central nucle ...
... recent paper, Tye and colleagues12 used the spatial and temporal precision of optogenetics to target basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons and optically stimulate them based on their connectivity to other amygdala subnuclei. Optical stimulation of BLA terminals (and not somata) within the central nucle ...
April14,04copy.doc
... tangential sections the deprived barrel region was dissected out from the brain, and was flattened and frozen at -44˚C with the spring loaded heat dissipater of a cryostat (2800 Frigocut N, Reichert-Jung, Cambridge Instruments, Deerfield, IL). Cryostat sections 16 µm thick were cut at -20˚ C tangent ...
... tangential sections the deprived barrel region was dissected out from the brain, and was flattened and frozen at -44˚C with the spring loaded heat dissipater of a cryostat (2800 Frigocut N, Reichert-Jung, Cambridge Instruments, Deerfield, IL). Cryostat sections 16 µm thick were cut at -20˚ C tangent ...
PDF
... works have been frequently made via comparing the brain with various machines of that particular time—from pumps and engines to calculators and computers (von Neumann, 1958). Current comparisons between the brain and computers are often illustrated by a set of striking numbers; for example, the thre ...
... works have been frequently made via comparing the brain with various machines of that particular time—from pumps and engines to calculators and computers (von Neumann, 1958). Current comparisons between the brain and computers are often illustrated by a set of striking numbers; for example, the thre ...
Auditory cortex
... The planum temporale (PT) location close to Wernicke’s area for speech comprehension, points towards its role as the site for auditory speech and language processing. However neuroimaging studies of PT provide evidence that functional role of PT is not limited to speech. PT is a hub for auditory sce ...
... The planum temporale (PT) location close to Wernicke’s area for speech comprehension, points towards its role as the site for auditory speech and language processing. However neuroimaging studies of PT provide evidence that functional role of PT is not limited to speech. PT is a hub for auditory sce ...
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute
... monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Some of the results from these injections have already been reported in another article (Falchier et al., 2002). Central area 17 injections were in the cortex subserving 0º–2º in the lower visual field (M85RHDY and M85RHFsB). Injections aimed at the peripheral represen ...
... monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Some of the results from these injections have already been reported in another article (Falchier et al., 2002). Central area 17 injections were in the cortex subserving 0º–2º in the lower visual field (M85RHDY and M85RHFsB). Injections aimed at the peripheral represen ...
Reverse-Engineering the Human Auditory Pathway
... from the functions of controlling movement in motor cortex or computing the crosscorrelations for determining stereo disparity in visual cortex. It is not clear whether the functional specialization in the mature cortex is the result of a uniform cortical structure in which different regions learn t ...
... from the functions of controlling movement in motor cortex or computing the crosscorrelations for determining stereo disparity in visual cortex. It is not clear whether the functional specialization in the mature cortex is the result of a uniform cortical structure in which different regions learn t ...
The Functional Organization of the Barrel Cortex
... Actively Acquired Sensory Information • Recordings from the first-order sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of awake rodents • in the absence of whisker movement - no spontaneous action potential firing in the trigeminal ganglion. • ‘‘whisking in air,’’- a low level of spiking activity in th ...
... Actively Acquired Sensory Information • Recordings from the first-order sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of awake rodents • in the absence of whisker movement - no spontaneous action potential firing in the trigeminal ganglion. • ‘‘whisking in air,’’- a low level of spiking activity in th ...
20150210_RAVI_Lecture
... ‘Aspects of the conceptual inspiration for optogenetics can be traced to the 1970s. In 1979 Francis Crick, taking note of the complexity of the mammalian brain and the fact that electrodes cannot readily distinguish different cell types (Crick, 1979), suggested that a major challenge facing neurosc ...
... ‘Aspects of the conceptual inspiration for optogenetics can be traced to the 1970s. In 1979 Francis Crick, taking note of the complexity of the mammalian brain and the fact that electrodes cannot readily distinguish different cell types (Crick, 1979), suggested that a major challenge facing neurosc ...
Understanding Eye Movements Primary Motor Pathway
... Internuclear: interconnections between nuclei Internuclear: (MLF) ...
... Internuclear: interconnections between nuclei Internuclear: (MLF) ...
Exam 3 2008 - student.ahc.umn.edu
... do so in writing on the sheet provided (the last page of these questions (page 6)). We will take into account such qualifications prior to establishing the final version of the "Key". In order for your written qualifications to be considered, they must be turned in with your answer sheet, and you mu ...
... do so in writing on the sheet provided (the last page of these questions (page 6)). We will take into account such qualifications prior to establishing the final version of the "Key". In order for your written qualifications to be considered, they must be turned in with your answer sheet, and you mu ...
primary motor cortex
... Present in one hemisphere (usually the left) Motor speech area that directs muscles of the tongue ...
... Present in one hemisphere (usually the left) Motor speech area that directs muscles of the tongue ...
Brain Areas and Topography
... ought to be that lights up for something I think it ought to light up for • Neuroanatomist’s definition of an area: A circumscribed region of the cerebral cortex in which neurons together serve a specific function, receive connections from the same regions, have a common structural arrangement, and ...
... ought to be that lights up for something I think it ought to light up for • Neuroanatomist’s definition of an area: A circumscribed region of the cerebral cortex in which neurons together serve a specific function, receive connections from the same regions, have a common structural arrangement, and ...
Neural Activity and the Development of Brain Circuits
... nerves are stimulated asynchronously does the development of the ocular dominance columns proceed normally; orientation selectivity in the visual cortex is also dampened if neural activity along the optic nerves is reduced or generated synchronously. Similarly, when all retinal ganglion cells of the ...
... nerves are stimulated asynchronously does the development of the ocular dominance columns proceed normally; orientation selectivity in the visual cortex is also dampened if neural activity along the optic nerves is reduced or generated synchronously. Similarly, when all retinal ganglion cells of the ...
NF- Protocadherin in the Neural Tube
... mediated, in part, by cell to cell contacts. One group of cell adhesion proteins, the cadherins, are known to be involved in organizing motor neurons into motor pools along with aiding axon extension [1, 2]. In the frog Xenopus laevis, NF-Protocadherin (NFPC) is expressed in the ventral neural tube ...
... mediated, in part, by cell to cell contacts. One group of cell adhesion proteins, the cadherins, are known to be involved in organizing motor neurons into motor pools along with aiding axon extension [1, 2]. In the frog Xenopus laevis, NF-Protocadherin (NFPC) is expressed in the ventral neural tube ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... cortical area. From such assignments, we can describe the pathways between the areas in terms of passing data from an area with one sort of concern to another. A persistent theme is to distinguish lower cortical areas, with direct sensory or motor connections from higher ones which are associating i ...
... cortical area. From such assignments, we can describe the pathways between the areas in terms of passing data from an area with one sort of concern to another. A persistent theme is to distinguish lower cortical areas, with direct sensory or motor connections from higher ones which are associating i ...
A Primer on Neurobiology and the Brain for Information Systems
... the brain (via the spinal cord). Because information is sent to the brain, these neurons are also called afferent neurons. Second, motor neurons direct muscles to contract or relax, generating movement. Because information is sent from the brain, these neurons are also called efferent neurons. Third ...
... the brain (via the spinal cord). Because information is sent to the brain, these neurons are also called afferent neurons. Second, motor neurons direct muscles to contract or relax, generating movement. Because information is sent from the brain, these neurons are also called efferent neurons. Third ...
cerebral cortex - Global Anatomy Home Page
... nucleus (Figs 8B and 9). The different fiber systems of the internal capsule are not randomly intermixed but rather organized in a consistent fashion (Fig. 9). Fibers destined for the brainstem and spinal cord are organized within the internal capsule as follows (Fig. 9): corticopontine fibers are l ...
... nucleus (Figs 8B and 9). The different fiber systems of the internal capsule are not randomly intermixed but rather organized in a consistent fashion (Fig. 9). Fibers destined for the brainstem and spinal cord are organized within the internal capsule as follows (Fig. 9): corticopontine fibers are l ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.