What insights can fMRI offer into the structure and function of mid-tier visual areas?
... modulated, and our experiments can reveal those tuning functions. However, because we want to be able to use fMRI to discover new kinds of tuning functions and selectivity, we cannot limit ourselves to experiments in which we already know what we are looking for. Broadly speaking, analyses that rely ...
... modulated, and our experiments can reveal those tuning functions. However, because we want to be able to use fMRI to discover new kinds of tuning functions and selectivity, we cannot limit ourselves to experiments in which we already know what we are looking for. Broadly speaking, analyses that rely ...
The “Conscious” Dorsal Stream - Università degli Studi di Parma
... However, if we consider that peri-personal stimuli occupy the space where the targets of the actions performed by hands and mouth are mostly located, it becomes clear why space is mapped in motor terms. It is perhaps worth emphasizing the closeness of the view emerging from neuroscience, and the phi ...
... However, if we consider that peri-personal stimuli occupy the space where the targets of the actions performed by hands and mouth are mostly located, it becomes clear why space is mapped in motor terms. It is perhaps worth emphasizing the closeness of the view emerging from neuroscience, and the phi ...
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM_(EEG).
... ELECTRODE PLACEMENT • It is called the 10-20 system, because the electrodes are placed at sites that are 10% or 20% of a measured length from a known landmark on the skull. • Percentages are used, because different individuals have different skull sizes. • The 10-20 system insures that electrode si ...
... ELECTRODE PLACEMENT • It is called the 10-20 system, because the electrodes are placed at sites that are 10% or 20% of a measured length from a known landmark on the skull. • Percentages are used, because different individuals have different skull sizes. • The 10-20 system insures that electrode si ...
“Conscious” Dorsal Stream
... However, if we consider that peri-personal stimuli occupy the space where the targets of the actions performed by hands and mouth are mostly located, it becomes clear why space is mapped in motor terms. It is perhaps worth emphasizing the closeness of the view emerging from neuroscience, and the phi ...
... However, if we consider that peri-personal stimuli occupy the space where the targets of the actions performed by hands and mouth are mostly located, it becomes clear why space is mapped in motor terms. It is perhaps worth emphasizing the closeness of the view emerging from neuroscience, and the phi ...
Postnatal growth and column spacing in cat primary visual cortex
... et al. 2001), can already be visualized in cats and ferrets at a very early postnatal period during which the cortex is still growing. A recent paper by Duffy et al. (1998) has shown that the surface area of primary visual cortex (area 17, V1) of adult cats was more than twice (230%) that of neonata ...
... et al. 2001), can already be visualized in cats and ferrets at a very early postnatal period during which the cortex is still growing. A recent paper by Duffy et al. (1998) has shown that the surface area of primary visual cortex (area 17, V1) of adult cats was more than twice (230%) that of neonata ...
Functional and Dysfunctional Aspects of the Cerebral Cortex
... the motor cortex of the precentral gyrus, which directly or indirectly through the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracks, respectively, innervate the alpha motor neurons of skeletal muscles, including the trigeminal system. The postcentral gyrus, however, also has a role in motor activity, since the e ...
... the motor cortex of the precentral gyrus, which directly or indirectly through the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracks, respectively, innervate the alpha motor neurons of skeletal muscles, including the trigeminal system. The postcentral gyrus, however, also has a role in motor activity, since the e ...
Branching Thalamic Afferents Link Action and Perception
... V1, S1, or A1 as having prime importance, and ignoring this input for other cortical areas. There are only practical reasons for not including these other thalamocortical axons: much less is known about them and they have proved hard to study. Recent evidence, based on filling and tracing corticotha ...
... V1, S1, or A1 as having prime importance, and ignoring this input for other cortical areas. There are only practical reasons for not including these other thalamocortical axons: much less is known about them and they have proved hard to study. Recent evidence, based on filling and tracing corticotha ...
Properties of spike train spectra in two parietal reach areas
... intervals (Mitzdorf 1985). These observations suggest that LFP activity obtained from reach-related subdivisions of the PPC, if also temporally structured and spatially tuned, could be used in neural prosthetic systems to predict the endpoint of a planned movement (Pesaran et al. 2002). LFP activity ...
... intervals (Mitzdorf 1985). These observations suggest that LFP activity obtained from reach-related subdivisions of the PPC, if also temporally structured and spatially tuned, could be used in neural prosthetic systems to predict the endpoint of a planned movement (Pesaran et al. 2002). LFP activity ...
The Anterior Cingulate Cortex - John Allman
... had ever experienced anguish for being apparently unable to communicate she answered negatively. She didn’t talk because she had nothing to say. Her mind was empty. She apparently was able to follow our conversations even during the early period of the illness, but felt no will to reply to our quest ...
... had ever experienced anguish for being apparently unable to communicate she answered negatively. She didn’t talk because she had nothing to say. Her mind was empty. She apparently was able to follow our conversations even during the early period of the illness, but felt no will to reply to our quest ...
David Hunter Hubel. 27 February 1926 — 22 September 2013
... David had no experience in animal research or in electrophysiology, and he regarded himself as fortunate to have a mentor as supportive as Mike. David did an initial experiment with Mike that compared the flexor and extensor reflexes in decerebrate cats, which gave him a thorough grounding in electr ...
... David had no experience in animal research or in electrophysiology, and he regarded himself as fortunate to have a mentor as supportive as Mike. David did an initial experiment with Mike that compared the flexor and extensor reflexes in decerebrate cats, which gave him a thorough grounding in electr ...
Computational Psychiatry Seminar: Spring 2014 Week 11: The
... maximally rewarded stimulus. After 40 trials (stage 1), the contingencies reverse for the subsequent 40 trials (stage 2). The detrimental effect of misleading negative feedback on learning is assessed by means of an overall ‘‘feedback sensitivity’’ score. This is defined as the overall likelihood th ...
... maximally rewarded stimulus. After 40 trials (stage 1), the contingencies reverse for the subsequent 40 trials (stage 2). The detrimental effect of misleading negative feedback on learning is assessed by means of an overall ‘‘feedback sensitivity’’ score. This is defined as the overall likelihood th ...
Saliency, switching, attention and control
... Critchley et al. (2001) found that patients with pure autonomic failure (an idiopathic disorder in which peripheral denervation disrupts autonomic responses) show reduced activation in the right insula during performance of ‘‘stressor’’ tasks (e.g. mental arithmetic) compared to controls. These pati ...
... Critchley et al. (2001) found that patients with pure autonomic failure (an idiopathic disorder in which peripheral denervation disrupts autonomic responses) show reduced activation in the right insula during performance of ‘‘stressor’’ tasks (e.g. mental arithmetic) compared to controls. These pati ...
Use of a Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus to
... the motor cortices of both hemispheres, interconnected commissurally, are involved in n7x-induced cortical plasticity (Toldi et al., 1999; Farkas et al., 2000). Most of the studies cited above were based on experiments in which electrophysiological methods were used. However, it is more than likely ...
... the motor cortices of both hemispheres, interconnected commissurally, are involved in n7x-induced cortical plasticity (Toldi et al., 1999; Farkas et al., 2000). Most of the studies cited above were based on experiments in which electrophysiological methods were used. However, it is more than likely ...
Mammalian Cerebral Cortex: Embryonic Development
... of primordial corticipetal fibers and of neurons increases throughout the subpial zone, it assumes a plexiform appearance (Fig. 2.1a, 22 days, c, d). At this stage, some subpial neurons start to develop specific morphological features. Some neurons, sandwiched among the fibers, assume a horizontal m ...
... of primordial corticipetal fibers and of neurons increases throughout the subpial zone, it assumes a plexiform appearance (Fig. 2.1a, 22 days, c, d). At this stage, some subpial neurons start to develop specific morphological features. Some neurons, sandwiched among the fibers, assume a horizontal m ...
PDF
... variability due to gross physiological noise. Average maps from a sample of 45 healthy individuals scanned in the resting state show a clear and symmetric pattern of connectivity maxima in several regions of cortex, including prefrontal, orbitofrontal, lateral–parietal, and midline default mode netw ...
... variability due to gross physiological noise. Average maps from a sample of 45 healthy individuals scanned in the resting state show a clear and symmetric pattern of connectivity maxima in several regions of cortex, including prefrontal, orbitofrontal, lateral–parietal, and midline default mode netw ...
When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying
... individuals. This study presents the first scientific examination of this phenomenon, called ‘the photic sneeze reflex’. Methodology and Principal Findings: In the present experiment, ‘photic sneezers’ and controls were exposed to a standard checkerboard stimulus (block 1) and bright flashing lights ...
... individuals. This study presents the first scientific examination of this phenomenon, called ‘the photic sneeze reflex’. Methodology and Principal Findings: In the present experiment, ‘photic sneezers’ and controls were exposed to a standard checkerboard stimulus (block 1) and bright flashing lights ...
Cortical modulation of pain
... SI cortex are activated by nociceptive input, but the intensity, amount and character of the activation is different [25, 26] from non-nociceptive input to the same area. One result of the human functional imaging studies is that it has become possible to define functions for large areas of cortex, ...
... SI cortex are activated by nociceptive input, but the intensity, amount and character of the activation is different [25, 26] from non-nociceptive input to the same area. One result of the human functional imaging studies is that it has become possible to define functions for large areas of cortex, ...
The elephant brain in numbers
... in the human cerebral cortex (Azevedo et al., 2009). Within the cerebral cortex, the elephant hippocampus weighs 24.42 g and has a slightly larger volume than the human hippocampus (Patzke et al., 2013), but holds only 36.63 million neurons bilaterally, compared to approximately 250 million neurons ...
... in the human cerebral cortex (Azevedo et al., 2009). Within the cerebral cortex, the elephant hippocampus weighs 24.42 g and has a slightly larger volume than the human hippocampus (Patzke et al., 2013), but holds only 36.63 million neurons bilaterally, compared to approximately 250 million neurons ...
PowerPoint Slides - Portland State University
... – Does this provide evidence that the auditory system implements a progressive, “efficient” encoding of vocalizations? ...
... – Does this provide evidence that the auditory system implements a progressive, “efficient” encoding of vocalizations? ...
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
... The experimental design included two stimulus variables, goals (dots versus no-dots) and direction (contralateral versus ipsilateral), and one instruction variable (imitate versus observe). The combination of the two stimulus factors yielded four different stimulus conditions (ipsilateral, no dots; ...
... The experimental design included two stimulus variables, goals (dots versus no-dots) and direction (contralateral versus ipsilateral), and one instruction variable (imitate versus observe). The combination of the two stimulus factors yielded four different stimulus conditions (ipsilateral, no dots; ...
State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical
... that action understanding takes place in the ventral part of the dorsal stream (Rizzolatti and Matelli 2003), others claim that actions are fully recognized and categorized outside the motor system, in the ventral stream (Mahon and Caramazza 2008). In order to further investigate the relative contri ...
... that action understanding takes place in the ventral part of the dorsal stream (Rizzolatti and Matelli 2003), others claim that actions are fully recognized and categorized outside the motor system, in the ventral stream (Mahon and Caramazza 2008). In order to further investigate the relative contri ...
PDF
... a causal link between neural activation and brain function. Electrical microstimulation, which can selectively perturb neural activity in specific parts of the nervous system, is an important tool for exploring the organization and function of brain circuitry. To date, the studies describing the beh ...
... a causal link between neural activation and brain function. Electrical microstimulation, which can selectively perturb neural activity in specific parts of the nervous system, is an important tool for exploring the organization and function of brain circuitry. To date, the studies describing the beh ...
A coincidence detector neural network model of selective attention
... We propose that a correlation control mechanism that includes coincidence detector neurons determines the correlation between semantic goals (e.g., to locate an X or a Z) and the neural activity representing semantic information in processed stimuli (Figure 2). Coincidence detectors represent neuron ...
... We propose that a correlation control mechanism that includes coincidence detector neurons determines the correlation between semantic goals (e.g., to locate an X or a Z) and the neural activity representing semantic information in processed stimuli (Figure 2). Coincidence detectors represent neuron ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.