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... Bars represent number of new antimicrobial agents approved by the FDA during the period listed. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Bad Bugs, No Drugs. July 2004; Spellberg B et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1279-1286; New antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50:1912 ...
Chapter 9- Physical Methods for Control
Chapter 9- Physical Methods for Control

... 4) Ultrahigh-Temperature Sterilizationflash heating to rid of ALL microbes, extremely hot for 1 second (dairy creamer) ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... • Can react with organic matter to form carcinogenic compounds – THMs (trihalomethanes) ...
NSF Grantees Meeting 12/4/07
NSF Grantees Meeting 12/4/07

... Infection occurs in approximately 0.5 – 5% of all hip and knee replacements. It is a catastrophic problem, because bacteria that colonize an implant surface develop into biofilms where they are as much as 10,000 times more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic bacteria. The most effective therapy ...
Bacteria Virtual Lab Procedure Analysis
Bacteria Virtual Lab Procedure Analysis

... sauerkraut. A few bacteria cause disease and are known as pathogens. Some examples of diseases caused by bacteria include tuberculosis, pneumonia, strep throat, and ear infections. Because bacteria multiply so rapidly, it is often necessary to control their growth in the human body, in food, and in ...
Posters – Infectious diseases and Vaccines NAME OF THE
Posters – Infectious diseases and Vaccines NAME OF THE

... many antibiotics. Issue: The society, both in the community and the hospitals, needs novel antibiotics, and finding new drugs active on the ESKAPE bacteria has stalled for years because it is notoriously difficult ...
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT (PENGAWET)
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT (PENGAWET)

...  Natamycin is active against nearly all molds and yeast, but no effect on bacteria or viruses.  Several factors affect the stability & resulting antimycotic activity of natamycin: -pH, 100% natamycin activity is retained at pH 5 - 7 -temperature, high temperature will decrease activity -light, -ox ...
XDR GNR
XDR GNR

... carbapenems using current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) or British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) breakpoints. As a result of being difficult to detect, such organisms pose significant risks, particularly due to their role in unnoticed spread within institutions a ...
R_Titball___Antibiotic_workshop
R_Titball___Antibiotic_workshop

... Penicillin-non susceptible S. pneumoniae (EU pop.-weighted average) Erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae (EU pop.-weighted average) Fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli (EU pop.-weighted average) ...
Chemical Agents
Chemical Agents

... • Destroys vegetative bacteria and fungi, • Chlorine gas is sporicidal • Can react with organic matter to form carcinogenic compounds ...
Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic Resistance

... new agent introduced than the bacteria develops a means to resist it. At present we are faced with certain bacterial pathogens that are resistant to all currently available antimicrobial agents. While new antimicrobial agents are regularly developed, there have been a very limited number of new agen ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... Alteration of Targets • This mechanism usually affects bacterial ribosomes • The mutation alters the DNA such that the protein produced or target is modified • Antimicrobial agents can no longer bind to the target ...
Coeus Technology, Inc.
Coeus Technology, Inc.

... causes oxidative stress and the generation of hydrogen peroxide. This causes a chemical reaction resulting in oxidative damage to cells. Excess copper causes a decline in the membrane integrity of microbes, leading to leakage of specific essential cell nutrients, such as potassium and glutamate. Thi ...
Chapter 51 Clinical Use of Antimicrobial Agents
Chapter 51 Clinical Use of Antimicrobial Agents

... Selection of antimicrobial agents depends on host factors and pharmacological factors. ...
Escherichia coli ST131: a model for high-risk transmission
Escherichia coli ST131: a model for high-risk transmission

... This project will connect a large number of transnational academic resources to investigate the transmission success of Escherichia coli ST131 clone. E. coli is the most common cause of urinary tract and bloodstream infections worldwide. A recent WHO report states that resistance to one of the most ...
Microbes on Surfaces
Microbes on Surfaces

... – Influenza may persist for several days to weeks on dust, cotton sheets, and glass slides (Edward, 1941); 24-48 hours on other hard surfaces (Bean et al, 1982) – RSV was reduced by 2 log10 after 24 hours (Kingston, 1968) – Parainfluenza virus may persist up to 12 days on plastic surfaces (Parkinson ...
Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chemotherapeutic Agents

...  kill most bacteria, but not Mycobacterium tuberculosis or endospores  safe and easy to use, but inactivated by hard water and soap  E.g Benzalkonium chloride and Cetylpyridinium ...
Module 6 Exam Review 1. Compared to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic
Module 6 Exam Review 1. Compared to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic

... 37. Streptokinase and staphylokinase break down and prevent _________. clots 38. Gram-positive organisms primarily secrete ________________. exotoxins 39. Upon their deaths, Gram-negative bacteria release __________________. endotoxins 40. Certain bacterial species can survive for very long periods ...
Press Release- First Patient Enrolled in the New Drugs
Press Release- First Patient Enrolled in the New Drugs

... pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus,” said Hasan Jafri, EFPIA Lead for the SAATELLITE study, Senior Director, Clinical Research and Development, Infectious Disease & Vaccines, MedImmune. “Novel biologics under investigation such as MEDI4893 may offer a unique opportunity to help prevent these ...
(BACTERIOCIN-LIKE INHIBITORY SUBSTANCES) PRODUCED BY
(BACTERIOCIN-LIKE INHIBITORY SUBSTANCES) PRODUCED BY

... Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides ribosomally synthesized by prokaryotes with activity against micro-organisms related to the producer species. Many bacteriocins have been suggested as alternative agents either in food biopreservation or in prevention/treatment of bacterial infections due to t ...
Lab6-Antimicrobial
Lab6-Antimicrobial

... microorganisms in the host.  Selective Toxicity: This means that the agent used must inhibit or kill the microorganism without seriously harming the host. Based on their origin, there are 2 general classes of antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents: 1. Antibiotics: substances produced as metabolic pr ...
The Effect of Microbes on Textile Material: A Review on the Way
The Effect of Microbes on Textile Material: A Review on the Way

... 1.1 Low moisture content and application of biocides in textiles It was suggested [1] that microbial activity (mildew and rotting) can be minimized by keeping susceptible materials dry, as surface growth will only occur when the relative humidity is high. The question is what of those places that hu ...
Microbiology 2 – Hospital Acquired Infections
Microbiology 2 – Hospital Acquired Infections

... 1. Explain why patients in hospital are particularly at risk from acquiring new infections. 2. Give examples of common hospital infections acquired by airborne transmissionand by direct contact. 3. Account for the rise in infections due to MRSA. There are 5 main antibiotic resistant infections in th ...
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
DAFTAR PUSTAKA

... Infectious Diseases. McGraw-Hill. Laurence L.Brunton, J. S. 2006. Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. McGraw Hill. Longo, F. K. 2012. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill. M Sinha, H. S. 2007. Mechanisms of Resistance to Carbapenems in MeropenemResistant ...
Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Design of Small
Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Design of Small

... The number of compounds required for synthesis in order to place 10 different groups in 4 positions of benzene ring is 104 In silico modeling is thus necessary to search through small parts of chemical space in a reasonable time and cost-effective manner. A type of chemoinformatic computer modeling ...
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Antimicrobial surface

An antimicrobial surface contains an antimicrobial agent that inhibits or reduces the ability of microorganisms to grow on the surface of a material. Such surfaces are becoming more widely investigated for possible use in various settings including clinics, industry, and even the home. The most common and most important use of antimicrobial coatings has been in the healthcare setting for sterilization of medical devices to prevent hospital associated infections, which have accounted for almost 100,000 deaths in the United States. In addition to medical devices, linens and clothing can provide a suitable environment for many bacteria, fungi, and viruses to grow when in contact with the human body which allows for the transmission of infectious disease.Antimicrobial surfaces are functionalized in a variety of different processes. A coating may be applied to a surface that has a chemical compound which is toxic to microorganism. Other surfaces may be functionalized by attaching a polymer, or polypeptide to its surface.An innovation in antimicrobial surfaces is the discovery that copper and its alloys (brasses, bronzes, cupronickel, copper-nickel-zinc, and others) are natural antimicrobial materials that have intrinsic properties to destroy a wide range of microorganisms. An abundance of peer-reviewed antimicrobial efficacy studies have been published regarding copper’s efficacy to destroy E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus, Clostridium difficile, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and fungi. For further information regarding efficacy studies, clinical studies (including U.S. Department of Defense clinical trials), United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registrations with public health claims for 355 Antimicrobial Copper (Cu+) alloys, and a list of EPA-registered antimicrobial copper products, see: Antimicrobial copper touch surfaces and Antimicrobial properties of copper.Apart from the health industry, antimicrobial surfaces have been utilized for their ability to keep surfaces cleaned. Either the physical nature of the surface, or the chemical make up can be manipulated to create an environment which cannot be inhabited by microorganisms for a variety of different reasons. Photocatalytic materials have been used for their ability to kill many microorganisms and therefore can be used for self-cleaning surfaces as well as air cleaning, water purification, and antitumor activity.
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