here
... 39) D.Applebaum, Operator-valued stochastic differential equations arising from unitary group representations, Journal of Theoretical Probability 14, 61-76 (2001) 40) D.Applebaum, F.Tang, Stochastic flows of diffeomorphisms on manifolds driven by infinite dimensional semimartingales with jumps, Stoc ...
... 39) D.Applebaum, Operator-valued stochastic differential equations arising from unitary group representations, Journal of Theoretical Probability 14, 61-76 (2001) 40) D.Applebaum, F.Tang, Stochastic flows of diffeomorphisms on manifolds driven by infinite dimensional semimartingales with jumps, Stoc ...
Reconsidering Maxwell`s aether
... The view that aether in fact exists in some form or other is shared by many notable 20th and 21st century scientists, including the following: Paul Dirac, a Nobel Laureate in physics (1933). In a letter published in NATURE in 1951, entitled Is there an Aether?, Dirac opined, with supporting reasons, ...
... The view that aether in fact exists in some form or other is shared by many notable 20th and 21st century scientists, including the following: Paul Dirac, a Nobel Laureate in physics (1933). In a letter published in NATURE in 1951, entitled Is there an Aether?, Dirac opined, with supporting reasons, ...
introduction to information theory
... to digital communication, and the entropy is then expressed in bits. In other contexts one rather uses the natural logarithm (to base e ≈ 2.7182818). It is sometimes said that, in this case, entropy is measured in nats. In fact, the two definitions differ by a global multiplicative constant, which a ...
... to digital communication, and the entropy is then expressed in bits. In other contexts one rather uses the natural logarithm (to base e ≈ 2.7182818). It is sometimes said that, in this case, entropy is measured in nats. In fact, the two definitions differ by a global multiplicative constant, which a ...
The Pervasive Maxwell Demon Dan Vue 15 March
... a somewhat confused flea) does not move. If Tl > T2 the flea will be raised and if Tl < T2, the flea will be lowered [Feynman 1964]. In fact , Maxwell demons in general have historically been investigated out of peculiarity, not practicality. Maxwell demons are usually considered a nuisance, to be s ...
... a somewhat confused flea) does not move. If Tl > T2 the flea will be raised and if Tl < T2, the flea will be lowered [Feynman 1964]. In fact , Maxwell demons in general have historically been investigated out of peculiarity, not practicality. Maxwell demons are usually considered a nuisance, to be s ...
Construction of a 30 keV DC Photogun for Ultrafast Electron Diffraction
... processes recorded, there has to be a clear and well-defined time-origin, given by an ultrashort laser pulse that electronically excites the material and thereby induces the phase transition [5]. An illustration of the experimental implementation is shown in Figure 1.2. After the laser pulse has str ...
... processes recorded, there has to be a clear and well-defined time-origin, given by an ultrashort laser pulse that electronically excites the material and thereby induces the phase transition [5]. An illustration of the experimental implementation is shown in Figure 1.2. After the laser pulse has str ...
Macroscopic Quantum Effects in Biophysics and
... (elementary particles, atoms, molecules) and phenomena at small space-time scales; typically, quantum phenomena are manifested at dimensions smaller than 1 nm and time intervals shorter than 1 µs. However, from the very beginning of the quantum-mechanical founding the question of its universality wa ...
... (elementary particles, atoms, molecules) and phenomena at small space-time scales; typically, quantum phenomena are manifested at dimensions smaller than 1 nm and time intervals shorter than 1 µs. However, from the very beginning of the quantum-mechanical founding the question of its universality wa ...
SOLID STATE PHYSICS PART I Transport Properties of Solids
... in these materials and in particular to the behavior of E(~k) near the Fermi level. Conversely, the analysis of transport measurements provides a great deal of information on E(~k). Although transport measurements do not generally provide the most sensitive tool for studying E(~k), such measurements ...
... in these materials and in particular to the behavior of E(~k) near the Fermi level. Conversely, the analysis of transport measurements provides a great deal of information on E(~k). Although transport measurements do not generally provide the most sensitive tool for studying E(~k), such measurements ...
Observation of Quantum Oscillations between a Josephson Phase Qubit
... probability was previously measured by applying microwaves at a frequency !31 for a duration of 80 –100 ns. If the qubit is initially in state j1i, the !31 signal causes a transition to state j3i, quickly followed by the qubit tunneling into the right-hand well. In this way, the qubit measurement co ...
... probability was previously measured by applying microwaves at a frequency !31 for a duration of 80 –100 ns. If the qubit is initially in state j1i, the !31 signal causes a transition to state j3i, quickly followed by the qubit tunneling into the right-hand well. In this way, the qubit measurement co ...
THE QUANTUM HALL EFFECT: NOVEL EXCITATIONS AND BROKEN SYMMETRIES S.M. GIRVIN COURSE 2
... to maintain1 the standard of electrical resistance by metrology laboratories around the world. In addition, since the speed of light is now defined, a measurement of e2 /h is equivalent to a measurement of the fine structure constant of fundamental importance in quantum electrodynamics. In the so-call ...
... to maintain1 the standard of electrical resistance by metrology laboratories around the world. In addition, since the speed of light is now defined, a measurement of e2 /h is equivalent to a measurement of the fine structure constant of fundamental importance in quantum electrodynamics. In the so-call ...
Subatomic Physics: the Notes - McMaster Physics and Astronomy
... is better measured.) The positive integer Z is called the atom’s atomic number or nuclear charge and the positive integer A is called its atomic mass number or atomic weight. We now know the nucleus to be a bound state built out of a total of Z protons and N = A − Z neutrons (both of whose masses ar ...
... is better measured.) The positive integer Z is called the atom’s atomic number or nuclear charge and the positive integer A is called its atomic mass number or atomic weight. We now know the nucleus to be a bound state built out of a total of Z protons and N = A − Z neutrons (both of whose masses ar ...
A Perturbation Method for the 3D Finite Element Modeling of Electrostatically Driven MEMS
... actuated MEMS. An unperturbed problem is first solved in a large mesh taking advantage of any symmetry and excluding additional regions and thus avoiding their mesh. Its solution is applied as a source to the further computations of the perturbed problems when conductive regions are added [8][9][10] ...
... actuated MEMS. An unperturbed problem is first solved in a large mesh taking advantage of any symmetry and excluding additional regions and thus avoiding their mesh. Its solution is applied as a source to the further computations of the perturbed problems when conductive regions are added [8][9][10] ...
Giesecke-Final-ternary-gates
... primitives, which themselves are composed from Muthukrishnan-Stroud (M-S) gates [2]. The quantum multiplexer concept [21] (called also the mux), used also by several other authors, is a convenient intermediate notation to synthesize both binary and multiple-valued (mv) quantum circuits. Therefore, t ...
... primitives, which themselves are composed from Muthukrishnan-Stroud (M-S) gates [2]. The quantum multiplexer concept [21] (called also the mux), used also by several other authors, is a convenient intermediate notation to synthesize both binary and multiple-valued (mv) quantum circuits. Therefore, t ...
Hyperfine interaction and spin decoherence in quantum dots
... Hyperfine interaction is a typical example of a topic in physics, that, due to technological advances, experiences a revival. Originally, hyperfine interaction was studied in atomic physics. In atoms, the interaction between the magnetic moments of the electrons and the nucleus leads to the hyperfin ...
... Hyperfine interaction is a typical example of a topic in physics, that, due to technological advances, experiences a revival. Originally, hyperfine interaction was studied in atomic physics. In atoms, the interaction between the magnetic moments of the electrons and the nucleus leads to the hyperfin ...
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... on the directions of the electric field and the propagation vectors with respect to the average molecular orientation. Furthermore, nematic liquid crystals strongly scatter visible light; samples with thicknesses greater than a few millimeters appear milky white, and, by analogy with milky-white col ...
... on the directions of the electric field and the propagation vectors with respect to the average molecular orientation. Furthermore, nematic liquid crystals strongly scatter visible light; samples with thicknesses greater than a few millimeters appear milky white, and, by analogy with milky-white col ...
Lecture notes
... What is the significance of topological order? Globel danicing pattern is a nice picture for topological order. But does it mean anything? Does topological order have any experiemntal significance? Does topological order have any new experiemntal properties, that is different from any symmetry brea ...
... What is the significance of topological order? Globel danicing pattern is a nice picture for topological order. But does it mean anything? Does topological order have any experiemntal significance? Does topological order have any new experiemntal properties, that is different from any symmetry brea ...
Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. QED mathematically describes all phenomena involving electrically charged particles interacting by means of exchange of photons and represents the quantum counterpart of classical electromagnetism giving a complete account of matter and light interaction.In technical terms, QED can be described as a perturbation theory of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Richard Feynman called it ""the jewel of physics"" for its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift of the energy levels of hydrogen.